Current Situation of Information Demand of Farmers in Taihang Mountain Area: A Case Study of Pingshan County in Hebei Province

Since the reform and opening-up,economy of mountain areas in China has realized considerable development.However,due to such factors as terrain,traffic,and individual differences,compared with plain and coastal areas,mountain areas still lag far behind.In recent years,informationization construction of China develops rapidly,but it nearly stagnates in mountain rural areas.Information has become an essential factor restricting economic development of rural areas.Based on the survey of current information demand of farmers carried out in Pingshan County in Hebei Province in 2010,this study came up with relevant recommendations,in order to speed up development of rural economic in mountain areas,narrow the regional gap,improve living condition of farmers in mountain areas,and increase income level of farmers in mountain areas.

Metabasic Dyke Swarms in a High-Grade Metamorphic Terrane——A Case Study in the Taipingzhai-Jinchangyu Area,Eastern Hebei Province

Geological and petrological studies indicate that three phases of metabasic dykes are present in theTaipingzhai-Jinchangyu area within the high-grade metamorphic terrane of eastern Hebei. Garnet andhornblende in metabasic dykes of the second and third phases occur separately, forming two mineral aggregateareas gl+cpx+pl±hy and hb+cpx+pl-hy. P_(H_2O) in the rocks appears to be the main factor controlling theformation of the two aggregate areas. Both were formed simultaneously at the same metamorphic temperature. The second-phase basic dykes underwent metamorphism of pyroxene-granulite facies at a temperature ofsome 825C: later the dykes, together with the third-phase basic dykes experienced metamorphism ofamphibole-granulite facies at a temperature of about 750C under pressure of 0.9GPa.

Effects of Different Modes of Returning Farmland to Forest on Physicochemical Properties of Soil in Bashang Area of Northern Hebei Province

[Objective]The research aimed to understand the change rules of physicochemical properties of soil in the different modes of returning farmland to forest.[Method]The physicochemical properties of soil in three different types of returning farmland to forest(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.forest,Caragana korshinskii forest and Ulmus pumila L.forest)were analyzed by taking the enclosed grassland as comparison in Bashang area of northern Hebei Province.[Result]The results showed that there were significant differences among different types.Order of the bulk density of soil:H.rhamnoides Linn.forest(1.17 g/cm^3)<U.pumila L.forest(1.24 g/cm^3)<C.korshinskii forest(1.26 g/cm^3)<enclosed grassland(1.61 g/cm^3);order of the total porosity of soil:H.rhamnoides Linn.forest(55.29%)>U.pumila L.forest(52.55%)>C.korshinskii forest(51.93%)<enclosed grassland(38.85%);order of the organic matter content of soil:H.rhamnoides Linn.forest(3.191%)>C.korshinskii forest(3.128%)>U.pumila L.forest(2.804%)>enclosed grassland(2.536%).[Conclusion]After returning farmland to forest,vegetation played a positive role in physicochemical properties of soil.There were significant differences in physicochemical properties of soil among different modes of returning farmland to forest,and the improvement effect of H.rhamnoides Linn.forest on physicochemical properties of soil was the best.

Response to Hydrothermal Change of Tree Radial Growth since 1990s in the Southern Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province

On the basis of the relationship between tree ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis in the southern Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province and climate factors, such as mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and precipitation, we find that tree-ring width correlates positively and significantly with mean and maximum temperature in March and Spring, and with minimum temperature in March, April, Spring and Autumn. The sampling tree radial growth responds sensitively to spring temperature change.

Terrestrial water storage variation in Hebei plain area of China,based on ground surface gravimetry

Variation of terrestrial water storage in the Hebei plain area from March 2010 to June 2014 was studied using ground gravimetry combined with vertical displacement data from the Global Navigation Satellite System.Results show that observed gravity variation in this area increased continuously,basically reflecting a trend toward land subsidence.With the effect of this subsidence removed,a dominantnegative change in gravity variation was evident,reflecting an average rate of decrease in terrestrial water in this area of 0.10±0.053 m/y,and this is equivalent to a volume of 81.5±43.2×108 m^(3)and is consistent with the spatial distribution of groundwater change from measured hydrologic data.These results can be an essential reference and supplement for the study of terrestrial water variation in the Hebei plain area,and indicate that ground surface gravimetry can be used as an important mean for studying changes in terrestrial water.

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Changes in Foxtail Millet Planting Area in Hebei Province

Since reform and open to the outside world,foxtail millet planting area in Hebei Province has constantly reduced,and its planting region has changed from the whole province into some regions,with obvious changes. In this paper,by using qualitative and quantitative approaches like chart analysis,summarizing,Delphi method and osculating value model,the influencing factors of changes in millet growing region in Hebei Province were studied. The results showed that the changes of millet planting area were closely related to many factors,such as little investment in scientific research,weak policy support,a single consumer product demand,the rapid development of other staple crops, labor migration,relatively low comparative effectiveness and physiological characteristics of the millet itself. Then some suggestions were put forward,such as increasing research support,strengthening scientific research strength,researching and developing deeply processed products, expanding consumer groups,improving millet policy support,providing subsidies for planting the improved varieties,researching and developing various types of machinery,and increasing millet production technology training.

Response of Vegetation Cover to Climate Changein the Southern Taihang Mountains in HebeiProvince

The relationships between the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)(1981-2006) in growing season and precipitation, NDVI and mean temperature(T_(mean)), NDVI and maximum temperature(T_(max)), NDVI and minimum temperature(T_(min)), and NDVI and the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) were analyzed. The results indicated that NDVI during the growing season was mostly positively and significantly correlated with precipitation last month and the month before last, and mostly negatively with temperature. There were negative and significant correlation between NDVI in June and July and T_(mean)and T_(max)in May respectively, between April NDVI and T_(min)in February and March, and between June NDVI and T_(min)in April, May and June. Vegetation cover in growing season correlated positively with PDSI, especially those last month and the month before last at 0.05 significance level, even 0.01 level. Hydrothermal conditions from March to July had significant influence on vegetation cover.

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of Poverty-Stricken Areas in Hebei Province

This paper takes poverty-stricken countyas the basic unit, and selects net income per peasantto study the poverty status in Hebei Province during1986~2000.Temporal and spatial changes of poverty-stricken areas are analyzed. The result shows thatpoverty-stricken areas in Hebei Province distributedconcentratedly and the areas decreased during1986~2000, the net income per peasant was on therise with an increasing speed in off-poverty countiesbeing slightly higher than that in poverty-strickencounties, but the growth rate was extremely unstable,rising slowly in off-poverty counties while droppingin poverty-stricken counties. The main driving forcesthat influenced temporal and spatial changes wereeconomic development of the whole province,ecological environment quality, infrastructureconditions and radiation of the key city. On thisbasis, some anti-poverty countermeasures suitable tolocal conditions are proposed.

Study on Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Climate Variation in Hebei Area during 1956-2007

[Objective] The research aimed to study temporal and spatial characteristics of climate variation in Hebei area during 1956-2007. [Method] Based on the data from 23 weather stations evenly distributed over Hebei area (included Beijing and Tianjin) during 1956-2007, by using statistical analytic method, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of main meteorological factors (temperature and precipitation, etc.) in the area were analyzed. The variation fact and evolution rule of climate in the area in 52 years were discussed. [Result] In Hebei area during 1956-2007, the annual and four-season temperatures both presented wavy rise trends. The temperature increment in winter was the maximum, contributing the most to the annual temperature elevation in this area. The temperatures in the whole district all presented rise trends, and the variation difference had regularity. The annual and four-season rainfalls both had large fluctuation amplitudes, following different linear variation trends. The annual rainfall overall presented wavy decrease trends. The spatial difference of rainfall variation was significant. The rainfalls in the whole district all presented decrease trends. The decrease amplitude presented low-high-low pattern from the northeast to the southwest. The potential evaporation capacity over the whole district was the highest in the 1960s, and decreased ever since instead of increasing with the temperature. The potential evaporation capacities of each season also presented decline trends. Except in Fengning and Yuxian, the evaporation capacities of other stations in the whole district all presented decline trends. The relative humidity slightly decreased as time, with the exception of Chengde, Qinhuangdao and Nangong. The sunshine hours had a clear decrease trends. [Conclusion] The research provided scientific basis for realizing regional sustainable development, improving ecological environment and people’s life quality.

A study on the innovation of regional environmental management mechanism in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei area within the background of ecological civilization

Within the background of the need to promote the construction of ecological civilization and the current confl ict between the economic growth and the constraints of environment and resources, after a review of the theoretical study and practical exploration of ecological civilization, the article makes an analysis of the status quo of ecological civilization development in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei area, sums up the main problems there, and explores the development strategic framework to improve the regional ecological environment. It comes to the following conclusions: as the ecological and environmental problems in the BTH area are mainly the air pollution and so on, we should seek to build a mechanism of environmental management for sustainable development from the different aspects of industrial distribution, energy utilization, institution construction and market participation. We should capitalize on the chance to construct the ecological civilization, promote to change the regional economic growth pattern, improve the quality and effi ciency of development, and fi nally promote the synergetic development of ecological environment in the BTH area.

Investigation and Analysis on Constitution and Syndrome Types of High- Normal Blood Pressure People in Hebei Area in the Year of 2017

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of population and syndrome patterns in high-normal blood pressure people in Hebei area. Methods: A total of 453 people who met the inclusion criteria were investigated using a high-normal blood pressure human mass survey questionnaire. Results: of the 453 constitution types of high-normal blood pressure patients in Hebei area, 184 were the constitution of yin-yang harmony, accounting for 40.62% of the total;73 were the constitution of yang asthenia, accounting for 16.11% of the total;59 were the constitution of damp-heat, accounting for 13.02% of the total;52 were the constitution of qi asthenia, accounting for 11.48% of the total;8 were the allergic constitution, accounting for 1.77% of the total. In addition, of their syndrome types, the syndrome of liver-fire hyperactivity were accounting for 30.24%;the syndrome of excessive phlegm-dampness were accounting for 26.71%;the syndrome of yin-deficiency and yang-predominance were accounting for 23.18%;the syndrome of deficiency of both yin and yang were accounting for 19.87%. Conclusion: Among the high-normal blood pressure people in Hebei area, the proportion of the constitution of yin-yang harmony is the highest, followed by the constitution of yang asthenia, the constitution of damp-heat, and the constitution of qi asthenia, with the lowest percentage being the allergic constitution. In addition, when it comes to the syndrome of them, the proportion of the syndrome of liver-fire hyperactivity is the highest, followed by the syndrome of yin-deficiency and yang-predominance, and the lowest is the syndrome of deficiency of both yin and yang.

Study of Crustal Thickness and Poisson Ratio of Hebei and Its Adjacent Areas by Teleseismic Receiver Function

We collected waveforms of a teleseismic event which occurred from January 2007 to October 2011 from 174 broadband seismic stations deployed in Hebei and its adjacent areas. Using the H-k stacking method,the average thickness and Poisson's ratio of the crust are acquired. In order to obtain reliable receiver functions, the broadband seismograms of 488 teleseismic earthquakes occurring in the epicentral distance range from 30° to 90° with magnitudes larger than Mb6. 0 are collected. The results show that crustal thickness have conspicuous lateral heterogeneity and have good correlation to the regional geological tectonic features. Poisson ratio's value is equated with the global models estimates which fluctuate at about 0. 25. Crustal thickness has positive correlation to the topography and the Taihang Mountains form the transition zone of thick and thin crustal thickness. There is an obvious difference in crustal thickness beneath the north and south of the Shanxi earthquake zone and the Poisson ratio of Datong,Ningwu and Anze basins is greater than 0. 3. The crustal thickness beneath the Zhang-Bo( Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea)earthquake zone decreases from west to north and its Poisson ratio shows conspicuous lateral heterogeneity. The thin crust and low Poisson ratio in the Huabei( North China)basin may correlate with the delamination of the North China craton.

The Analysis of Limitation of Engel's Coefficient——A Case Study of Rural Areas in Hebei Province

On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,not in line with reality of China;comparison invalidity in length and breadth,is not conducive to relevant analysis;culling out the special factors easily causes distortion of conclusion.Taking rural areas in Hebei Province as an example,this paper analyzes the limitation of Engel's coefficient in analyzing the gap of rural economy:in terms of region horizontally,Engel's coefficient neglects the difference of consumption structure among regions,and difference of economic stages among regions;in terms of time vertically,Engel's coefficient neglects the periodic change of consumption structure and the ratio change of different families in different periods.According to the reality of China's rural areas,the correction model of Engel's coefficient is established as follows.Firstly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of total expenditure variation;Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of income variation.Secondly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of variation of(total expenditure educational expenditure-medical expenditure.Thirdly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of total expenditure variation.

Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

Hebei Province is one of the regions with most densely population, fastest economic growth and most intensive land use in China. The contradiction of land shortage sharpened by high-speed economic development with population growth has become a serious problem, which has restricted regional sustainable development.This paper revealed the basic process, regional differences of change and the gravity center of arable land area according to the long-series statistical data of arable land during the past 50 years. On the basis of the above mentioned, the major driving forces that influence the changes of the arable land are discussed. The research results indicate that there is a trend of obvious fluctuating decrease in arable land area during the last 50 years. The changes of arable land area undergo the process from increase to sharp decrease to gently decrease. The regional disparity of change in arable land area is very notable and the gravity center of arable land area moves to the northeast 49.22 km. Regarding the decrease in arable land, the direct driving forces include adjustments of agricultural structure and reclamation, and indirect driving forces include advance in technology, economic interest and population growth etc.

Problems and reconstruction of the development of rural preschool education in Hebei Province

as a part of the socialist education, preschool education is an opportunity for every school age children to have equal access to education. But in the current development of market economy, now rural preschool education appeared a series of problems. In combination with the basic characteristics of rural preschool education in our province, hope the popularity ofpre school education in rural and other areas to achieve the integration of urban and rural areas play a reference

The Ecological Water Demand of Different Vegetation Types in the Bashang Area,Northwest Hebei Province

In order to construct stable vegetation for reducing wind and sand disasters and soil erosion in the Bashang Area of Northwest Hebei Province in China,it is very important to understand the ecological water demand of different vegetation types in this area.Based on observed data and the Irmak-Allen formula,we investigated the ecological water demand and ecological water shortage of arbor,shrub and grassland in Bashang Area of northwestern Hebei province.The results showed that the actual evapotranspiration values of the three vegetation types in the growing seasons in the study area from high to low were arbor forest(401.81 mm),shrub(358.78 mm)and grassland(346.02 mm).The minimum ecological water requirements of arbor forest,shrub and grassland in the growing season were 243.96 mm,218.35 mm and 211.36 mm,respectively,and the optimal ecological water requirements were 472.99 mm,423.34 mm and 409.77 mm,respectively.In addition,the optimal ecological water shortage values were 198.56 mm for arbor forest,148.91 mm for shrub and 135.34 mm for grassland.The ecological water shortage of vegetation has obvious seasonality,with the largest water shortage in May and June,and a lower and steady water surplus in July to October.Therefore,an artificial water supplementation in May and June would alleviate the drought stress of the vegetation.The rainfall in Bashang Area of Northwest Hebei Province can meet the requirements of minimum ecological water demand for arbor forest,but the gap between the rainfall and the optimal ecological water requirement is too large to support good growth of an arbor forest,which could explain why the degradation of poplar protective forests has occurred in Bashang Area.

Compilation Mode for the Integrated Planning of Lake Scenic Areas——A Case Study of the Longhu Lake Scenic Area in the Taihang Mountains

In view of lake scenic areas with abundant tourist resources but less-developed economy,contradictions between the urgency of its tourist resource development and complexity of urban-rural planning compilation were analyzed,and also limitations summarized as insufficient time and fund.Statutory planning contents included in the integrated compilation system were elaborated,and compilation of the integrated planning for the Longhe Lake Scenic Area in the Taihang Mountains was taken for example to introduce planning concepts of the compilation technical system.Considering characteristics of the study area,"regionality" was stressed as the foundation of planning compilation,concise,convenient and practical planning compilation contents were advocated and further explained from the perspectives of compiling by layer and category.In view of this,it is necessary to apply integrated compilation mode under certain circumstances,so as to provide a new approach for the planning compilation of other regions in China and enhance economic and social development of local areas.

Impact of the shrinking winter wheat sown area on agricultural water consumption in the Hebei Plain

This study firstly analyzed the shrinkage of winter wheat and the changes of crop- ping systems in the Hebei Plain from 1998 to 2010 based on the agricultural statistic data of 11 cities and meteorological data, including daily temperature, precipitation, water vapor, wind speed and minimum relative humidity data from 22 meteorological stations, and then calcu- lated the water deficit and irrigation water resources required by different cropping systems, as well as the irrigation water resources conserved as a result of cropping system changes, using crop coefficient method and every ten-day effective precipitation estimation method. The results are as follows. 1） The sown areas of winter wheat in the 11 cities in the Hebei Plain all shrunk during the study period. The shrinkage rate was 16.07% and the total shrinkage area amounted to 49.62×10^4 ha. The shrinkage was most serious in the Bei- jing-Tianjin-Tangshan metropolitan agglomerate, with a shrinkage rate of 47.23%. 2） The precipitation fill rate of winter wheat was only 20%-30%, while those of spring maize and summer maize both exceeded 50%. The irrigation water resources demanded by the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system ranged from 400 mm to 530 mm, while those demanded by the spring maize single cropping system ranged only from 160 mm to 210 ram. 3） The water resources conserved as a result of the winter wheat sown area shrinkage during the study period were about 15.96×10^8 m^3/a, accounting for 27.85% of those provided for Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei by the first phase of the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Estimation of evapotranspiration with drainage lysimeters in the Taihang Mountain area,China

In this research, the evapotranspiration （ET） of three native vegetation communities were measured using drainage lysime- ters in the Taihang Mountain area, China. They are a local grass, Themedajaponica, a local shrub, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla Rebd. and a mixture of both communities. The ET was measured using level lysimeters （with a slope of 0°） and slope lysimeters （with a slope of 25°）. In general, the measured ET was higher in the level lysimeters than in the slope lysimeters because of the water loss of surface runoff from the slope lysimeter. The total ETs over the growing season for the grass, shrub, and the mixture were 730.4, 742.0 and 790.7 mm, respectively in the level lysimeters, and 535.5, 504.1 and 540.1 mm, respectively in the slope lysimeters. In addition, the monthly ET peaked in August and had close linear relationship with leaf area index. The drainage lysimeter is an effective tool to estimate plant ET in mountain areas. The results from this research would provide scientific information for the vegetation recovery and sustainable development of forestry in the TM areas.

Evaluation of the production-living-ecology space function suitability of Pingshan County in the Taihang mountainous area,China

A rational utilization of land is a matter of importance in sustainable development of mountainous area.The land function in mountainous areas has a close connection with space structure of ecology,production and living.To promote a harmonious development of the relationship between people and nature in mountainous areas,it is necessary to coordinate their relationships of space functions.Suitability evaluation of basic unit function associated with multi-scale space analysis is a prerequisite to a reasonable optimization of land function structure.In this study,an optimized evaluation index system of combination functions was introduced into the assessment of ecological spatial functional suitability in ecological fragile regions by adding three indicators,namely,soil erosion sensitivity,landscape ecological risk and ecological sensitivity.The principle of"taking high"(referred to a function with high suitability to be regarded as the main function of an evaluation unit)and ecological priority(referred to the case,supposing the suitability of a unit’s three functions is consistent,the main function is determined to be the ecological function)were used to determine the main function of an evaluation unit.Pingshan County,China,located at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountain,was targeted in this case study.The production-livingecology space(PLES)function in Pingshan was identified by applying our improved valuation indexes.Further,the functional suitability distribution of the combination of elements was obtained by using overlapping comprehensive analysis method,considering the tradeoff of the functional suitability of combination elements.The regions suitable for production/living were distributed in relatively flat piedmont plains,whereas the regions suitable for ecology were distributed in the mountain areas of middle and low altitudes.Therefore,to maintain a sustainable development in mountainous areas,an improved scheme of development for Pingshan should be to delineate ecologically fragile areas,to build ecological industrial parks near existing scenic spots,to protect basic agricultural production areas,and to increase investment in science and technology,including reasonable ecological compensation.This study can provide reference for the planning of sustainable development in the Taihang Mountain area and similar regions.