Massive actions have been and are being taken into protecting the world’s primates from extinction,while the study of the properties of genetic diversity,demographic history,and ecological relationships will benefit t...Massive actions have been and are being taken into protecting the world’s primates from extinction,while the study of the properties of genetic diversity,demographic history,and ecological relationships will benefit the understand-ing of the long-term survival of a species.The Taihangshan macaque(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis),a subspecies of rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta),is endemic to China and currently restricted to southern Mt.Taihangshan area.Herein,we evaluated the genetic diversity,population structure,and demographic history of this subspecies using mitochondrial(Cytb and high variable region I:HVR I)and nuclear markers(microsatellite loci)of 131 in-dividuals collected from 9 localities covering the distribution range of this subspecies.Both phylogenetic analyses and genetic assignment revealed that the wild populations of Taihangshan macaques could be divided into 2 major highly divergent clades,THS-east and THS-west.Low genetic diversity(π:0.00266±0.00016)but high haplotype diversity(Hd:0.80352±0.015)were detected in the Taihangshan macaques,particularly in THS-east.Analyses of demographic history suggested that the Taihangshan macaques experiencedfirst a stable historical population size from Holocene to early 19th century but a subtle decline and then slight growth in the recent 200 years.We suggest that bridging the neighbor populations(i.e.setting corridors)would facilitate the male-mediated geneflow and subsequently increase the genetic diversity of the Taihangshan macaque populations.展开更多
Among mammals,mothers provide maternal care and protection starting from gestation and they ensure nutritional supply via lactation after birth(Clutton-Brock 1991).However,in social mammals,infants may also be cared f...Among mammals,mothers provide maternal care and protection starting from gestation and they ensure nutritional supply via lactation after birth(Clutton-Brock 1991).However,in social mammals,infants may also be cared for by a variety of other group members,such as fathers,siblings,a host of more distant relatives,and even unrelated individuals.Care by individuals other than the mother is known as allomaternal care(nonmaternal care)(Ishizuka 2020).Moreover,adoption of an orphaned infant is a special case of allomaternal care(Chaves et al.2020).展开更多
基金financially supported by the Cultivation Fund for Young Teachers in Natural Science Basic Research of Zhengzhou University(JC2020043029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31672302 and 32070446).
文摘Massive actions have been and are being taken into protecting the world’s primates from extinction,while the study of the properties of genetic diversity,demographic history,and ecological relationships will benefit the understand-ing of the long-term survival of a species.The Taihangshan macaque(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis),a subspecies of rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta),is endemic to China and currently restricted to southern Mt.Taihangshan area.Herein,we evaluated the genetic diversity,population structure,and demographic history of this subspecies using mitochondrial(Cytb and high variable region I:HVR I)and nuclear markers(microsatellite loci)of 131 in-dividuals collected from 9 localities covering the distribution range of this subspecies.Both phylogenetic analyses and genetic assignment revealed that the wild populations of Taihangshan macaques could be divided into 2 major highly divergent clades,THS-east and THS-west.Low genetic diversity(π:0.00266±0.00016)but high haplotype diversity(Hd:0.80352±0.015)were detected in the Taihangshan macaques,particularly in THS-east.Analyses of demographic history suggested that the Taihangshan macaques experiencedfirst a stable historical population size from Holocene to early 19th century but a subtle decline and then slight growth in the recent 200 years.We suggest that bridging the neighbor populations(i.e.setting corridors)would facilitate the male-mediated geneflow and subsequently increase the genetic diversity of the Taihangshan macaque populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31472018,31672302).
文摘Among mammals,mothers provide maternal care and protection starting from gestation and they ensure nutritional supply via lactation after birth(Clutton-Brock 1991).However,in social mammals,infants may also be cared for by a variety of other group members,such as fathers,siblings,a host of more distant relatives,and even unrelated individuals.Care by individuals other than the mother is known as allomaternal care(nonmaternal care)(Ishizuka 2020).Moreover,adoption of an orphaned infant is a special case of allomaternal care(Chaves et al.2020).
文摘2012年4～8月,在太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区济源管理局天坛山管护区(北纬35°05'～35°15',东经112°12'～112°22'),对太行山猕猴王屋1群(WW-1)内的3个母系单元(matrilineal unit)中大于(等于)3岁龄的26只个体进行面部拍照,获取其面部特写照片,进而利用分块主成分分析(modular principal component analysis,MPCA)法,对个体进行面部识别分析,旨在探讨个体间面部相似度与亲缘关系的相关性。结果表明:(1)太行山猕猴个体间的面部相似度与亲缘类型有关,母亲与大于3岁龄子代间的面部相似度为0.93±0.00,显著高于单元内(0.89±0.00)和单元间(0.84±0.01)的面部相似度;(2)太行山猕猴个体的面部特征随年龄增长而变化,4岁(含4岁)龄以上个体与母亲间的面部相似度较高(0.88～0.95),依此值可准确地识别母子关系。本研究采用量化方法对非人灵长类个体间面部相似度进行分析,发现太行山猕猴个体间的面部相似度与亲缘关系密切相关;研究结果可为非人灵长类的个体识别提供较为客观的手段和方法。
