Carbon storage of a subtropical forest ecosystem: a case study of the Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve in south-eastern China

The carbon cycle of forest ecosystems plays a key role in regulating CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Research on carbon storage estimation of forest ecosystems has become a major research topic. However, carbon budgets of subtropical forest ecosystems have received little attention. Reports of soil carbon storage and topographic heterogeneity of carbon storage are limited. This study focused on the Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve as an example of a mid-subtropical forest and evaluated soil and vegetation carbon storage by field sampling combined with GIS, RS and GPS technology. We classified the forest into nine forest types using ALOS high-resolution remote sensing images. The evergreen broad-leaved forest has the largest area, occupying 26.5% of the total area, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and warm temperate coniferous forest, occupying 24.2 and 22.9%, respectively. The vegetation and soil carbon storage of the whole forest ecosystem were 1,692,344 and 5,514,707 t, with a carbon density of 7.4 and 24.2 kg/m^2, respectively, which suggests that the ecosystem has great carbon storage capacity. The topographic heterogeneity of the carbon storage was also analysed. The largest vegetation storage and soil storage is at 700–800 and 1000–1100 m, respectively. The vegetation carbon storage is highest in the southeast, south and southwest.

Study on the Flora of Spermatophyte in Xinluhai Nature Reserve of Queer Mountain

Based on the field investigation, the flora of spermatophyte in Xinluhai Nature Reserve was analyzed. The results showed that there were 41 families, 99 genera and 164 species of seed plants. The top families distribution types were cosmopolitan and north temperate ones, while the main genera distribution types were north temperate and cosmopolitan ones, and the proportion of the temperate ones was higher than the tropic ones, which showed that the north temperate elements were dominant in floristic composition. In this area, the species were lack, and herbaceous plants had a distinct advantage, showing a characteristic of the vegetation.

Spatial variations of Pb in the vertical zone of the soil-plant system in the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve

The characteristics of vertical and horizontal variations of lead element(Pb) in soil plant system of vertical zone in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve(CNNR) were studied. The results showed that Pb concentrations in soils of vertical zone are all above 25 mg/kg, and the average Pb concentration of each soil zone negatively correlates its degree of variation, i.e. brown coniferous forest soil zone has the lowest average Pb concentration of four soil zones, and the highest horizontal variation; however, mountain soddy forest soil has the highest average Pb concentration, and the lowest horizontal variation; the average concentration of plant Pb of each plant zone is lower than the worldwide average level of Pb in plant(Clarke), respectively, and plant Pb content order is consistent with soil Pb content order, but their horizontal variations are different from those in soil zones, the variation of mountain tundra forest zone is highest, but Betula ermanii forest zone the lowest. Vertical variation of plant Pb is obviously higher than that in soils with variation coefficient of 89.76%; the enrichment capability of plant for Pb is depended on the plant types and the different organs of plant; parent material and parent rock, pH values, soil organic matter and soil particle fraction etc. are the main factors influencing variations of Pb content in soil plant system of vertical zone in CNNR.

Investigation and Analysis on Diversity of Lucanidae spp. in Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve

Lucanidae spp. in Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve were collected and investigated. A total of 65 specimens were examined. They belong to 26 species( including subspecies) in 13 genera. The richness reached 41. 53%,with obvious diversity characteristic.According to the survey results,the vertical distribution of Lucanidae spp. in Fanjing Mountain was divided into foothill belt,low mountain belt,low-middle mountain belt,middle mountain belt and sub-alpine belt.

Landscape influences and management countermeasures of ginseng planting near Changbai mountain nature reserve

Ginseng planting in Northeast China brings economic benefits but affects forest landscape integrity and native ecological processes.In order to quantify the impacts of ginseng planting on the forest landscape,Fusong County in Jilin Province was selected as a study area.The number and distribution of ginseng fields over different time was quantified based on remote sensing and ground surveys.Grid analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to study the impacts of ginseng planting on the landscape.The results showed that altitudes and slopes of ginseng fields increased and became increasingly scattered and smaller closer to the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve.Ginseng fields and abandoned fields increased total patches and total area of the local forested landscape,and shared edge lengths between ginseng fields and forests,resulting in continuous fragmentation of the landscape.Although the total area of existing and abandoned ginseng fields accounts for a small fraction of the total landscape,their negative impacts on ecosystem conservation is significant.The local government needs to rationally plan ginseng planting,scientifically implement the restoration of abandoned ginseng lands,and enhance awareness of ginseng farmers to environmental stewardship.Our study has important significance for maintaining the healthy and stable development of the local ginseng industry and for improving the quality of regional ecological environment.

Measurement System of Landscape Fragmentation in National Nature Reserves:A Case Study of Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve,Guangdong Province

With the advancement of industrialization and urbanization,the natural landscape has been destroyed to varying degrees,presenting the trend of landscape fragmentation and ecosystem degradation.Taking Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve as an example,a three-dimension measurement system of separation degree,fractal dimension and interference intensity for landscape fragmentation is established and verified by collecting survey data through questionnaires.The research results will provide a theoretical reference for landscape conservation and sustainable development of national nature reserves.

Nature Reserve and Ecotourism Development in China’s Wuzhishan Mountain Region

As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the con- servation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social de- velopment and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehen- sive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper’s purpose. Finally, recommendations are pre- sented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain

Non-use value assessment for wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve in northeast China

By the contingent value method, we studied the non-use value of wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve （HNNR） in Heilongjiang Pro- vince, northeast China. The proportion of respondents willing to pay （WTP） for protection of HNNR was 63 %. The WTP ratio was affected by geographical area, contact nature, personal preferences, and familiar degree of the respondents. The WTP value was affected by age, education level and career of the respondents. The mainly reasons for people rejecting to pay for protecting HNNR were ＂I am not familiar to HNNR＂ and ＂I had no capacity for additional spending because of low income＂. Weighted average individual WTP value was CNY 59.26 Yuan ind.^-1 year^-1 for all the respondents with WTP. The total non-use ecosystem service value of HNNR was CNY 1430 million Yuan in 2013. The heritage value was highest followed by existence value and option value. From the high ecosystem service value in HNNR, it is very important to construct nature reserve for protecting natural ecosystems and human sustainable use of natural resources.

Vegetation Dynamics and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors in the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve

This study examined the temporal variation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its relationship with climatic factors in the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve (CMNR) during 2000-2009.The results showed as follows.The average NDVI values increased at a rate of 0.0024 year-1.The increase rate differed with vegetation types,such as 0.0034 year-1 for forest and 0.0017 year-1 for tundra.Trend analyses revealed a consistent NDVI increase at the start and end of the growing season but little variation or decrease observed in July during the study period.The NDVI in CMNR showed a stronger correlation with temperature than with precipitation,especially in spring and autumn.A stronger correlation was observed between NDVI and temperature in the tundra zone (2,000-2,600m) than in the coniferous forest (1,100-1,700m) and Korean pine-broadleaved mixed forest (700-1,100m) zones.The results indicate that vegetation at higher elevations is more sensitive to temperature change.NDVI variation had a strong correlation with temperature change (r=0.7311,p<0.01) but less significant correlation with precipitation change.The result indicates that temperature can serve as a main indicator of vegetation sensitivity in the CMNR.

特金罕山国家自然保护区野生球根花卉资源综合评价

目的:为探究特金罕山国家自然保护区野生球根花卉资源,筛选出适合当地城市绿化的野生球根花卉种类。方法:采用野外实地调查和文献检索的方法,调查特金罕山国家自然保护区野生球根花卉资源,并运用层次分析法从观赏价值、适应性、开发价值3个方面对其进行综合评价。结果:特金罕山国家自然保护区共有野生球根花卉37种,隶属12科,28属,其中,百合科种类最多,14种。根据综合评价结果,37种野生球根花卉分为4个等级:综合价值高的Ⅰ级(R>4.0)5种;综合价值较高的Ⅱ级(3.7<R≤4.0)10种;综合价值一般的Ⅲ级(3.5<R≤3.7)12种;综合价值较低的Ⅳ级(R≤3.5)10种。结论:特金罕山国家自然保护区野生球根花卉资源丰富,建议加强资源保护并优化开发利用方式,丰富城市园林绿化球根花卉种类。

贡嘎山国家级自然保护区九龙片区大中型兽类多样性的红外相机初步调查

2019—2021年通过红外相机陷阱法对四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区九龙片区进行了大中型兽类监测。共布设相机90台(正常工作71台),累计完成14495个相机工作日,获得大中型兽类独立有效照片1926张。共记录到大中型兽类4目12科20种;包括国家一级重点保护野生动物林麝Moschus berezovskii,以及13种国家二级重点保护野生动物。此外,在该地区首次记录到赤麂Muntiacus vaginalis。相对多度指数(RAI)居前3的为毛冠鹿Elapho‑dus cephalophus(RAI=8.058)、中华鬣羚Capricornis milneedwardsii(RAI=1.352)和岩羊Pseudois nayaur(RAI=1.338)。共有33台相机记录到以放牧和采集为主的人为活动,表明该地区人为干扰较为严重。本研究结果可为该区域大中型兽类物种多样性编目及保护区的管理提供基础数据。

四川米仓山水青冈天然林下不同植物群落的土壤酶活性及化学计量特征

研究了四川米仓山自然保护区的水青冈(Fagus)天然林林下野扇花(Sarcococca ruscifolia)和箭竹(Fargesia spathacea)群落不同土壤(h)深度(0<h≤10 cm、10 cm<h≤20 cm)的酶活性、化学计量特征及其主要环境影响因子。研究结果表明:(1)在林下不同植物群落中,全氮(TN)含量表现为无植物群落高于有植物群落;在10 cm<h≤20 cm的土壤深度下,土壤全碳(TC)、碱解氮(SAN)含量表现为野扇花群落最高。(2)野扇花群落的土壤酶活性(酸性磷酸酶(AP)、1,4-β-N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶(NAG))显著高于无植物群落和箭竹群落,β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)活性表现为箭竹群落最高,多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性表现为有植物群落显著高于无植物群落。(3)BG、LAP、PPO和POD这4种土壤酶活性与土壤pH呈显著正相关,土壤酶活性(除纤维二糖水解酶(CBH))均与土壤含水量呈显著正相关。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,土壤含水量、SAN、TC含量分别解释了土壤酶活性及其化学计量特征变异的51.4%、40.5%、37.7%。(4)在3种不同植物群落下,向量角度(VA)均大于45°,表明3种不同植物群落下土壤微生物更易受到磷元素的限制。林下不同植物群落能影响土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性,土壤含水量、SAN和TC含量对土壤酶活性及其化学计量特征起主要调控作用。

甘肃太统-崆峒山国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物调查与分析

2021年11月至2022年5月,按照踏查路线和典型样地法相结合,对甘肃太统-崆峒山国家级自然保护区内的野生观赏植物资源进行调查和筛选,共筛选出具有观赏性的野生植物398种,隶属于89科,241属,其中包含变种、亚种以及变型的野生植物。蕨类植物13种,隶属于10科,11属,裸子植物2科2属4种,被子植物77科228属372种。在398种野生观赏植物中,我国特有植物有128种,占32.16%。根据野生植物观赏的特性以及在城市园林绿化中的应用,将崆峒山自然保护区内的野生观赏植物资源分为观花类野生植物、观果类野生植物、观树形类野生植物、垂直绿化类野生植物和地被类野生植物五大类,筛选出观花类野生植物资源39种,包括乔木、灌木和草本,观果类野生植物资源18种,包括乔木和灌木,观形类野生植物资源15种,垂直绿化类野生植物资源10种,地被类野生植物资源24种。将野生观赏植物的最佳观赏特性进行描述(包括观花时期、观果时期以及生活型),对城市绿化造景有所启发,针对崆峒山保护区野生观赏植物资源的现状提出保护及开发利用对策。

基于视觉吸引的森林景观色彩要素识别及影响因素研究——以云南轿子山自然保护区为例

为探究影响森林景观视觉吸引力的色彩要素以及提升森林景观视觉质量的色彩营造途径,采用视觉行为实验对云南轿子山四季森林色彩景观视觉吸引力进行评估,从色彩组成与空间构成两方面进行森林色彩特征分析,基于色彩特征要素与公众视觉行为构建视觉吸引力评价模型,并分析影响景观视觉吸引力的色彩要素最佳阈值。结果表明:(1)轿子山森林四季色彩呈多样化特点,色相在红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色和蓝紫色中均有涉及。景观色谱集中在选择性色谱与点缀性色谱。(2)公众视觉注意力和焦点随着森林景观的色彩变化而改变。春、夏、秋三季森林景观更能引起公众视觉关注。(3)春季的红色、蓝紫色等彩色相是影响色彩景观视觉吸引力的主要因素;秋季的色彩要素组成与斑块空间构成共同影响色彩景观视觉吸引力;冬季的森林色彩景观,视觉吸引力与绿色相密切相关。研究结论可为森林景观高品质视景营造提供理论依据。

乌蒙山自然保护区十齿花林生态化学计量特征

以云南乌蒙山国家级自然保护区十齿花林为研究对象,利用单因素方差分析及多重比较等方法对其叶片、凋落物、土壤C、N、P含量及化学计量比进行分析,阐明十齿花林生态系统养分限制情况及养分循环特征。结果表明:十齿花林叶片、凋落物、土壤C平均含量分别为592.48、540.61、51.51 g·kg^(-1),N平均含量分别为19.41、15.45、1.66 g·kg^(-1),P平均含量分别为1.67、1.67、0.35 g·kg^(-1),各组分营养元素含量表现为叶片>凋落物>土壤;同一样地内植物叶片、凋落物和土壤C、N、P含量及化学计量比差异显著,不同样地土壤C、N、P含量及化学计量比、凋落物C含量差异显著,其余组分各指标差异不显著;叶片-凋落物N、C∶N显著相关,凋落物-土壤C显著相关;十齿花林生态系统主要受N素限制,凋落物的营养元素源于叶片,分解后归于土壤,为十齿花林生长发育提供养分支持,促进养分循环。

基于人地耦合的湖南仙岳山省级森林公园分区管理策略

为探索城市近郊保护地综合保护和管理办法,形成科学可持续的管理体系,本文以醴陵市城市近郊的湖南仙岳山省级森林公园为研究对象,基于ASTER GDEM高程数据(N27E113)对保护地进行空间划分,运用ArcGIS中网络分析、服务区构建、空间分析、重要度评价法分析园内道路、周边构筑物所带来的人类活动对保护地各区域的影响及其差异,评估保护地生态功能的服务可达性;基于人地耦合的视角,在50 m×50 m分辨率水平上,将保护地划分为5个功能区域并制定了针对性的管理策略。其中,森林生态系统保育区施行严格封闭管理,森林资源多样性保育区适当进行人为干预保育特色物种,城市森林景观区加强多层、多季相森林景观营造,管理挑战与生境保护区应加强边界管理并划定人为活动影响预警区,有的放矢地开展定期巡视;文化旅游区应适度开发人文、自然景观,促进社区与保护地间的良性循环。本研究在实现城市近郊保护地与城市社区良性互动的基础上,针对仙岳山省级森林公园各区域空间特征、功能及其与城市的关系提出一套科学、可行的管理策略及实现路径,为城市近郊自然保护地的管理工作提供参考。

乌蒙山国家级自然保护区3种竹笋主要营养成分分析

测定分析了乌蒙山方竹春季笋和秋季笋的主要营养成分含量,并与春季发笋的筇竹笋和秋季发笋的永善方竹笋进行比较。结果表明,乌蒙山方竹笋可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸、纤维素含量均高于筇竹笋和永善方竹笋,可溶性糖含量低于筇竹笋、略高于永善方竹笋,可食率高于筇竹笋但低于永善方竹笋;乌蒙山方竹笋的主要营养成分含量与筇竹笋和永善方竹笋有明显的差异,且与永善方竹笋的差异小于与筇竹笋的差异。总体而言,乌蒙山方竹笋的营养品质相对较好,且春季笋品质优于秋季笋。研究结果可为探明乌蒙山方竹的亲缘关系及其笋营养价值提供数据支撑。

苍山保护效益评估与边界优化调整探究

生物多样性丧失是全球热点问题,自然保护区被认为是保护生物多样性的有效措施之一。然而,许多保护区存在保护空缺和过度保护等问题。本研究以苍山为例,比较两种方法(物种分布模型与生态系统服务模型)在苍山洱海国家级自然保护区苍山部分(简称苍山保护区)的保护效益评估与边界优化调整中的优劣。通过52个物种的143个坐标并结合4大类环境数据,使用物种分布模型(Biomod2)对珍稀濒危植物的潜在物种分布区进行模拟。同时,使用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评价模型(InVEST)的生境质量模块对研究区域的生境质量进行评估。结果显示:(1)生境质量模型的大量适宜区域位于苍山保护区外的荒地和沼泽,苍山保护区外的适宜面积占到总适宜面积的86.14%。(2)物种分布模型表明适宜分布区主要位于苍山保护区内(99.89%),结合实际情况可知物种分布模型的运行结果更具优势。(3)基于物种分布模型模拟结果可知,苍山保护区的边界基本实现了对区域内珍稀濒危植物的有效保护,而内部核心区的划分有待进一步调整。结果表明:苍山保护区的核心区北部存在过度保护情况;而东部核心区存在较大保护空缺,因此需要向东部扩大以保证对区域内濒危植物更有效的保护。

哀牢山楚雄片区野生种古茶树生存现状分析与管护探讨

通过对哀牢山楚雄片区野生种古茶树生存现状分析,探讨该片区野生种古茶树管护经营模式,提出科学可行的对策建议,以改善野生种古茶树生存现状。调查结果表明,云南哀牢山国家级保护区楚雄片区野生种古茶树均为大理茶种,以单株分散生长为主,资源总量较少;天然和天然萌生各占一半,生长前期茶树主干遭受损坏,生长情况一般,生长势主要处于中等状态,幼树更新旺盛,但较大树木较少,竞争后期可能出现衰退的趋势。研究区的野生种古茶树生存现状不够理想,除自然因素干扰以外,管护措施也不到位,仍需加强资源保护力度,注重宣传保护和科研开发协调平衡,破除制约野生种古茶树生存发展障碍,实现地区野生种古茶树资源发展最大化。