The Taiwan Question China From the Perspective of International Crisis Management:History and Future

The Taiwan Question China discussed in this paper belongs to the theoretical crisis discussion on international relations and does not regard the Cross-Strait relations as relations between different countries.The outcome of the 2024 Taiwan Election has a great impact on the Taiwan question,the latest poll shows that the possibility of the Democratic Progressive Party(DPP)candidate to come to power is still very high,because its political evolution trend of Taiwan independence still exists.

“U-Taiwan计划”及其出台的原因分析

在"e-Taiwan 计划"、"m-Taiwan 计划"的基础上,台湾地区最近又出台了"u-Taiwan 计划",3年内(从2008年起)将列支160亿新台币。该计划目的是希望将台湾地区在信息通信技术(ICT)领域的优势扩展到社会领域,建设优质的网络社会。本文较为详细地介绍了该计划出台的沿革、计划内容等,并分析计划出台的原因,以期了解台湾地区 ICT 下一步发展的动态。

Regeneration and anti-migration of sand waves associated with sand mining in the Taiwan Shoal

Sand waves in the Taiwan Shoal are characterized by two distinct spatial scales. Giant sand waves have a length of2 kilometers with height between 5 m and 25 m, whilst small sand waves is less than 100-m long with height less than 5 m between giant sand wave peaks(crests). A series of five high-resolution multi-beam echo-sounding surveys between 2012 and 2020 in the middle of Taiwan Shoal indicated that artificial dredging on the giant sand waves had caused sand wave reform and evolution. Overall, the removal of giant sand waves significantly affected the migration of small sand waves adjacent to the dredging site, with the latter on both sides of the former appear to migrate towards the dredging pit. Moreover, in the dredging area, new sand waves emerged with wavelength much smaller than the original giant sand waves, while the convergent pattern of the small sand waves tends to store and form the giant sand waves, which might spread far beyond the survey period.

Fuzzy cluster analysis of water mass in the western Taiwan Strait in spring 2019

The classification of the springtime water mass has an important influence on the hydrography,regional climate change and fishery in the Taiwan Strait.Based on 58 stations of CTD profiling data collected in the western and southwestern Taiwan Strait during the spring cruise of 2019,we analyze the spatial distributions of temperature(T)and salinity(S)in the investigation area.Then by using the fuzzy cluster method combined with the T-S similarity number,we classify the investigation area into 5 water masses:the Minzhe Coastal Water(MZCW),the Taiwan Strait Mixed Water(TSMW),the South China Sea Surface Water(SCSSW),the South China Sea Subsurface Water(SCSUW)and the Kuroshio Branch Water(KBW).The MZCW appears in the near surface layer along the western coast of Taiwan Strait,showing low-salinity(<32.0)tongues near the Minjiang River Estuary and the Xiamen Bay mouth.The TSMW covers most upper layer of the investigation area.The SCSSW is mainly distributed in the upper layer of the southwestern Taiwan Strait,beneath which is the SCSUW.The KBW is a high temperature(core value of 26.36℃)and high salinity(core value of 34.62)water mass located southeast of the Taiwan Bank and partially in the central Taiwan Strait.

Embryonic Development and Eclosion Season of New Species Berastagia (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Taiwan

This paper describes a new species of the snout moth Berastagia tainanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Taiwan. From 2009 to 2016, a biology study was conducted on population dynamics and embryonic development. Spring season is the peak of the eclosion of overwintering larvae or pupae. The average longevity of adult was 14.8 ± 6.2 days (N = 174), the average number of eggs laid was 259 ± 3 eggs/moth (N = 2), the hatching rate of eggs was 95.4% (N = 262), and the average hatching time of eggs was 99.6 ± 18.6 hours (N = 68). The average body length of males was 5.64 mm ± 0.91 mm (N = 30), and the average body length of females was 6.28 mm ± 0.84 mm (N = 30). This finding indicates that female snout moths are larger than males (Global R = 0.058, P = 0.012). The snout moth eclosion rate was 16.9 moths/100 pods in the first year (2010/2011, N = 2,224 pods) and 10.9 moths/100 pods in the second year (2014/2015, N = 6,382 pods). The pod borer rate was 31.8% (N = 707) and the seed borer rate was 41.2% (N = 3,628) in the first year, whereas the pod borer rate was 76.2% (N = 6,382) in the second year.

Higher Education in Taiwan:An Observation Through the Perspective of English Language Teaching

Globalization has developed into an ideological discourse that drives change,because of the perceived immediacy and need to adapt to a new world order.It has a significant impact on the political,social,economic,cultural,and educational aspects.A visible transition has also been occurring in higher education.The world has grown extremely competitive because of the expending of globalization.Universities all over the world have to enhance their competitiveness through Englishization in higher education.Taiwan is experiencing educational reforms in higher education,in a way in which it is similar to other Asian nations,in order to maintain its competitiveness in the world.This article focuses on how globalization exacerbates competitiveness around the world,particularly in the educational sectors.The aim of this study is to review and to define how globalization is affecting higher education and in what way it has an impact on education policy in the context of Taiwan’s higher education.The effects of globalization on global citizenship will also be examined,in order to give a full reflection.

Exploring Taiwan’s China Landscape Painting Aesthetic Preferences Through Evaluation Grid Method and the Continuous Fuzzy Kano Model

The primary objective of this study is to apply the Evaluation Grid Method(EGM)and the continuous fuzzy Kano quality model to explore the cognitive preferences of Taiwan China residents regarding the beauty of Taiwan’s China landscape paintings.The aim is to contribute to the development of social and cultural art and promote the widespread appeal of art products.Through a literature review,consultations with aesthetic experts,and the application of Miryoku Engineering’s EGM,this paper consolidates the factors that contribute to the attractiveness of painting art products among Taiwan China residents,taking into account various aesthetic qualities.Simultaneously,the paper introduces the use of the triangular fuzzy golden ratio scale semantics,specifically the equal-ratio aesthetic scale semantics,as a replacement for the traditional subjective consciousness model.Departing from the traditional discrete Kano model that employs the mode as the standard for evaluating quality,this study applies triangular fuzzy numbers to the continuous Kano quality model to analyze the diverse preferences and evaluation standards of the public.The hope is that this research methodology will not only deepen Taiwan China residents’understanding and aesthetic literacy of painting art but also serve as a reference for the popularization of art products.

FinTech in Taiwan:a case study of a Bank’s strategic planning for an investment in a FinTech company

Introduction:Since 2015 is the year of FinTech in Taiwan,it is worth investigating the challenges that emerged when banks were encouraged to invest in FinTech companies for collaboration.This study aims to identify the strategic considerations in the process of searching for FinTech investment targets.Case description:This study used a case study investigation of a top-5 bank in Taiwan.The major data sources include the meeting notes of the FinTech investment task force and interviews with the team members.Co-opetition theory was adopted as the theoretical framework and interview questions were derived from the PARTS strategies in co-petition theory.The results relate to:(1)the strategic goals of FinTech investment,(2)the added value from FinTech companies,(3)criteria in selecting candidates in the same FinTech area,(4)choosing to work as either a cooperator or a competitor,and(5)barriers from policies and regulations.Discussion and evaluation:This study has several findings:(1)regulations and policies shape FinTech’s development;(2)banks,technology companies,and customers are not“FinTech ready;”(3)Compare top-down with bottom up strategies;(4)banks and FinTech companies have complex relationships;(5)it is unlikely that Taiwan will produce FinTech disruptors in the near future.Conclusion:The findings and discussion can benefit researchers and administrators in finance-related industries.More studies are desired to observe long-term development in terms of how companies collaborate or compete in specific FinTech areas.

A study on benthic community structure in west of the Taiwan Strait and near the Taiwan Shoals

Community structures on benthic organisms in the Taiwan Strait based on 4 surveys during 1984～1985 are studied. Seven communities can be divided according to cluster analysis and community structure indexes. The distribution, structural feature of different communities, relation between environmental factors and community are also discussed. The benthic organism community takes the Asymmetron cultellum as the resourcetive at the vast and deep east area in the south of the Taiwan Strait. The results provide new data for resource exploitation and biology study.

Spatiotemporal variations of the surface Kuroshio east of Taiwan Island derived from satellite altimetry data

Spatiotemporal variation of the surface Kuroshio east of Taiwan Island is investigated by quantitatively analyzing 23-year(1993–2015)sea surface Absolute Dynamic Topography data.The annual mean state of the Kuroshio is shown,with a flow width ~136 km and surface transport ~7.75×10~4 m^2/s.The corresponding standard deviations of these are 28 km and 2.14×10~4 m^2/s.Results of power spectrum analysis indicate that the primary periods of Kuroshio surface transport east of Taiwan Island are 1 and 2.8 years,respectively.Spatially,the Kuroshio surface transport southeast of Taiwan Island has greater variability than that to its northeast.That transport showed strong seasonality,with a maximum 8.8×104 m^2/s in summer and minimum 7.5×10~4 m^2/s in winter,which was mainly caused by local monsoon winds.A linear long-term upward trend of Kuroshio surface transport during 1993–2015 was found,during which the mean,southeast,and northeast of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan Island increased by 0.30×10~4,0.22×10~4 and 0.36×104 m^2/s,respectively.Correlation and composite analysis show that the Philippines-Taiwan Oscillation(PTO)is important in the interannual variability of the Kuroshio.PTO-induced relative intensity of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies is the dominant influence on the interannual variability of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan Island.

The Impact of Tourism Across the Taiwan Strait on the Taiwan Residents Identity

Nowadays, the search for identity in Taiwan has been more significant today compared to the past because political parties have been attempting to use Taiwan Residents identity to impact the political loyalty, the democratization as well as language. Based on current situation of tourism cross-straits, this paper respectively analyzes its economic value, political value as well as cultural value on Taiwan Residents identity. This paper finds that due to a series of strategies adopted by Tsai' government, tourism does not make a big difference in Taiwan's economy, hence, the interdependence of tourism does not remarkably diminish Taiwan Residents identity from the perspective of economic value. Furthermore, according to the current perceptions of Taiwan Residents to Mainland tourists, tourism across Taiwan Strait makes slight influence on Taiwan Residents identity. Consequently, the current effect of using tourism as an economic lever to encourage political unification is extremely rough and tenuous. Besides, to some extent, currently tourism is likely to produce greater social and cultural alienation among Taiwan Residents, which makes a contribution to boost Taiwan Residents identity. However, the result can be reverse with the current improvement of education and the quality of Chinese and admiration of China's remarkable development.

SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT IN TAIWAN SHOAL

Taiwan Shoal sediments are well sorted and rounded medium-coarse sands eontaining a large amount of shell and beach rock fragments and basalt gravels, and are of deltaic, coastal and eolian origin. Underwater sand waves are formed by the combined tidal currents and are remolded by storm waves.

A survey on Hydroidomedusae from the upwelling region of southern part of the Taiwan Strait of China I. On new species and records of Anthomedusae

Fhrough the examination of 377 samples of the Anthomedusae, eight new species and one new record are described.

Species composition and distribution of marine nematode community in the North Taiwan Strait

Marine free-living nematodes were investigated at 13 sampling stations divided into three transects in the northern Taiwan Strait in February 1998. One hundred species of marine nematodes belonging to 91 Genera 28 Families 3 Orders were identified and were first recorded in the northern Taiwan Strait. The dominant species were Vasostoma sp., Sabatieria sp. 1, Linhystera sp. 1, Spilophorella sp., Daptonema sp., Halalaimus sp. and Dorylaimopsis variabilis. Their main densities were all over 4 950 ind./m2. According to mean density at transects, marine nematode density decreased from coastal Weitou to off Minjiang Estuary, which was similar to polychaete distribution in northern Taiwan Strait. The selective deposit feeder (1A) was the dominant food type of marine nematodes in the northern Taiwan Strait, but non-selective deposit feeders (1B) and epigrowth feeders (2A) occupied high proportion, indicating diverse feeding types of marine nematodes in the northern Taiwan Strait. Some environmental factors such as currents are discussed.

Association between polymorphisms of APE1 and OGG1 and risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwan

AIM: To evaluate the effects of OGG1(Ser326Cys, 11657A/G, and Arg154His) and APE1(Asp148Glu, and T-656G) polymorphisms on colorectal cancer(CRC) risk.METHODS: We enrolled 727 cases newly diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma and 736 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from a medical center in Taiwan. Genomic DNA isolated from the buffy coat was used for genotyping through polymerase chain reaction. Unconditional logistic regressions were used for calculating ORs and 95%CIs to determine the association between the genetic polymorphisms and CRC risk. Haplotype frequencies were estimated using PHASE software. Moreover, stratification analyses onthe basis of sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor subsite and stage were performed.RESULTS: The CRC risk was higher in patients with the OGG1 326Ser/Cys + Cys/Cys genotype(OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.03-1.85, P = 0.030), particularly high in patients with stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ cancer(OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.03-2.13) compared with patients with the Ser/Ser genotype. In addition, OGG1 11657 G allele carriers had a 41% reduced CRC risk among stage 0-Ⅱ patients(OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.98). The CRC risk was significantly higher among females with the APE1 Glu allele(OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.02-1.96). The APE1 148Glu/-656 G haplotype was also associated with a significant CRC risk in females(OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.03-1.78).CONCLUSION: OGG1 and APE1 polymorphisms are associated with stage- and sex-specific risk of CRC in the Taiwan Residents population.

Three-dimensional structure of a low salinity tongue in the southern Taiwan Strait observed in the summer of 2005

Cruise observations with CTD （conductivity-temperature-depth） profiler were carried out in the southern Taiwan Strait in the summer of 2005. Using the cruise data, two-dimensional maps of salinity and temperature distributions at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 m were generated. The maps show a low salinity tongue sandwiched by low temperature and high salinity waters on the shallow water side and high temperature and high salinity waters on the deep water side. The further analysis indicates that the low salinity water has a nature of river-diluted water. A possible source of the diluted water is the Zhujiang （Pearl） Estuary. Meanwhile, the summer monsoon is judged as a possible driving force for this northeastward jet-like current. The coastal upwelling and the South China Sea Warm Current confine the low salinity water to flow along the central line of the strait. Previous investigations and a numerical model are used to verify that the upstream of the low salinity current is the Zhujiang Estuary. Thus, the low salinity tongue is produced by four major elements： Zhujinag Estuary diluted water, monsoon wind driving, coastal upwelling and South China Sea Warm Current modifications.

Morphological Characteristics of Sand Waves in the Middle Taiwan Shoal Based on Multi-beam Data Analysis

A DTM map of the study area in the Taiwan Shoal was drawn based on precise and high- density data acquired in a field survey by a multi-beam sounding system （R2Sonic2024）. We identified sand waves in the study area at water depths of 13.89-49.12 m; the main sand waves had heights of 5- 25 m, lengths of 0.1-2.0 km, and crest lines 0.1-6.5 km long. The spatial distribution of the sand waves on the seabed is dense in the north and sparse in the south and the directions range between 50°-80° and 90°-135°. Between the main sand waves, secondary sand waves develop with heights of 0.1-5.0 m and lengths of 10-100 m, which are difficult to detect by satellite remote sensing. By comparing the evolution structures of the secondary and main sand waves, we identified three evolution modes of the secondary sand waves： parallel, oblique, and divergent modes according to the relative crest directions. Suitable water depth, reciprocating current speeds between 40 and 100 cm/s, and abundant sediment supply create favorable conditions for the formation of linear sand waves. Comparing the DTM maps and profiles of the June 2012 and June 2013 surveys of the same area, we found that the shape and morphology of the sand waves remained mostly unchanged under normal hydrodynamic conditions.

Circulations east of Taiwan and in East China Sea and east of Ryukyu Islands during early summer 1985

A modified inverse method is used to compute the circulations east of Taiwan and in the East China Sec and east of the Ryukyu Islands with hydrographic data obtained during early summer of 1985. The computational region covers an area west of 129°E and from 21°45'N to 35°N. The computed results show that: (1 ) The net volume transport (VT ) of the Kuroshio through 21°45'N Section east of Ta Taiwan and west of 123°E is about 45 × 10￣6 m￣3/sduring early summer of 1985. The Kuroshio has. two current cores. One is located near Taiwan, and its velocity isvery large and its maximum velocity is 226 cm/s at the 100 m level, which is close to the maximum velocity of the beginning of the Kuroshio east of the Philippines. The other is located further to the east, and its maximum velocity is159 cm/s at the 100m level; (2) through a transect northwest Of Miyakojima Island and a transect southwest of Okinawa laaed the volume transports of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea both are about 25 × 10￣6 m￣3/s. The maximumvelocity of the Kuroshio at these two sections is 194 and 128 cm/s, respectively, and both are located on the shelfbreak; (3) beneath and east of the Kurohio there are the countercurrent (4) southeast of Okinawa Island there is anortheastward current, and its VT at Section HI is about 12. 6 × 10￣6 m￣3/s, and it comes from a westward flow at 129° This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 49476278.(Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hongzhou310012, China) (Institute of Oceanography, Taiwan University, Taipei, China)E Section and the recirculating gyre, and does not originate from the Kuroshio east of Taiwan during early summer of 1985. There is a southwestward abyssal current east of Okinawa Islands (5) there are several different scale eddies in this computational region. For example, there is a meso-scale strong cyclonic eddy east of Miyakojima Island.

Wave height measurement in the Taiwan Strait with a portable high frequency surface wave radar

As an important equipment for sea state remote sensing, high frequency surface wave radar （HFSWR） has received more and more attention. The conventional method for wave height inversion is based on the ratio of the integration of the second-order spectral continuum to that of the first-order region, where the strong external noise and the incorrect delineation of the first- and second-order Doppler spectral regions due to spectral aliasing are two major sources of errors in the wave height. To account for these factors, two more indices are introduced to the wave height estimation, i.e., the ratio of the maximum power of the second-or- der continuum to that of the Bragg spectral region （RSCB） and the ratio of the power of the second harmonic peak to that of the Bragg peak （RSHB）. Both indices also have a strong correlation with the underlying wave height. On the basis of all these indices an empirical model is proposed to estimate the wave height. This method has been used in a three-months long experiment of the ocean state measuring and analyzing ra- dar, type S （OSMAR-S）, which is a portable HFSWR with compact cross-loop/monopole receive antennas developed by Wuhan University since 2006. During the experiment in the Taiwan Strait, the significant wave height varied from 0 to 5 m. The significant wave heights estimated by the OSMAR-S correlate well with the data provided by the Oceanweather Inc. for comparison, with a correlation coefficient of 0.74 and a root mean square error （RMSE） of 0.77 m. The proposed method has made an effective improvement to the wave height estimation and thus a further step toward operational use of the OSMAR-S in the wave height extraction.

Evolution of a coastal upwelling event during summer 2004 in the southern Taiwan Strait

A coastal upwelling event in the southern Taiwan Strait （STWS） was investigated using intensive cruise surveys （four repeated transects in a month） and satellite data in July and early August 2004. The extensive upwelling-associated surface cold water was first observed in early July （-2.0×10a km2） along the STWS coast. Then, the cold surface water reduced in size by -50% with decreased chlorophyll concentrations after 15 days, indicating the weakening of the upwelling event. At the end of July, the cold surface water disappeared. The temporal variations of the surface cold water and the 3-D hydrography around Dongshan Island are thought to be mainly attributed to the weakened upwelling-favorable southwestern wind, the asymmetric spatial structure of the wind field and the intrusion of warm water from the northern South China Sea.