Clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions: Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong, China;Taiwan, China

Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.

Cooperation of Credit Investigation between China's Mainland and Taiwan under the New Situation

In the context of constant deepening of cooperation in economy and trade and social communication between China's Mainland and Taiwan,deepening the cooperation of credit investigation can effectively ensure deepening and stable development of trade exchanges and social communication between China's Mainland and Taiwan. This paper firstly elaborated significance of credit investigation cooperation,then compared current situation of establishment of credit investigation system,and finally put forward guiding principle and specific recommendations for credit investigation cooperation between China's Mainland and Taiwan.

A Comparative Study of Systems of Utility Model Patent Search Report in China's Mainland and Taiwan Region

I. An overview In the patent system of the civil law countries, the utility model patent, also known as the "petty invention", is granted to protect petty inventions that are not highly inventive, but very useful. For example, in the patent systems in Germany and Japan1 can be found provisions concerning utility model patent. After the patent system was launched in China's Mainland on 1 April 1985, the utility model patent is well received by the industry thanks to the adoption of the "preliminary examinat...

China's Mainland and Taiwan Come to an Agreement

Taiwan and China's Mainland are set to remove or lower tariffs on a range of items,including textile products,as part of a wide-ranging trade agreement agreed on June 14th.Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic

Surveillance of Hand,Foot,and Mouth Disease in China's Mainland (2008-2009)

Objective Since HFMD was designated as a class C communicable disease in May 2008,18 months surveillance data have been accumulated to December 2009.This article was to describe the distribution of HFMD for age,sex,area,and time between 2008 and 2009,to reveal the characteristics of the epidemic.Methods We analyzed weekly reported cases of HFMD from May 2008 to December 2009,and presented data on the distribution of age,sex,area and time.A discrete Poisson model was used to detect spatial-temporal clusters of HFMD.Results More than 1 065 000 cases of HFMD were reported in China's Mainland from May 2008 to December 2009 （total incidence：12.47 per 10 000）.Male incidence was higher than female for all ages and 91.9% of patients were 5 years old.The incidence was highest in Beijing,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Hainan.The highest peak of HFMD cases was in April and the number of cases remained high from April to August.The spatial-temporal distribution detected four clusters.Conclusion Children 5 years old were susceptible to HFMD and we should be aware of their vulnerability.The incidence was higher in urban than rural areas,and an annual pandemic usually starts in April.

Discussed in the early 80s Taiwan campus song shallowly to mainland pop music influence

The twentieth century the seventies and eighties of the modern influx of Chinese mainland pop music-music school in Taiwan,with its pristine purity of musical styles,catchy melodies fresh,really meaningful lyrics,the arrangement is simple and unique form of singing affect generation after gen-eration of young people. It is both spirited and close to the voice of young people (especially close to the university campus life),among young people a strong resonance. At the same time,it is the emergence of China's Mainland the concept of pop mu-sic’s aesthetic,value orientation,creative tactics,techniques and style of singing had a dramatic impact,as well as future changes in the mainland pop and development has injected new impetus.

Evaluations on social network analysis (SNA) research in China's Mainland:A critical assessment of journal literatures

Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have been conducted to prove the statement. This paper aims at exploring the research status and development of SNA in China by a critical assessment of journal articles. Our findings show that SNA is an evolving and diversified research area which has rich themes and topics, and can be applied to those studies on different levels, context and disciplines, and attract researchers and scholars from various fields and domains. In addition, the information community(Library & Information Science and Information Systems) plays a leading role in the SNA related researches. The paper also points out the research on SNA in China has some limitations, so it proposes several implications for the future development of SNA research from perspectives of information science.

A quality evaluation of nursing intervention studies in China's Mainland: From 1979 to 2012

Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to comprehensively estimate the overall quantity and quality of these papers.Objectives:To systematically retrieve nursing intervention studies published in simplified Chinese from 1979 to 2012,critically appraise their quality,and provide suggestions for future development.Methods:All of the papers were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc database.The preliminary screening of retrieved publications was performed prior to conducting a rigorous quality evaluation of the remaining publications.10 characteristics would be included in consideration in quality evaluations.Results:69,150 papers were retrieved according to searching strategy.7391 of them were included after preliminary screening and appraised critically.Among the 10 characteristics considered in quality evaluations,the lowest ratings were observed for the factors of“utilisation of blind method”(13 articles),“description of loss of follow-up”(499 articles),“appropriate calculation of sample size”(511 articles)and“randomised assignment of patients to treatments”(652 articles).Conclusions:Chinese papers published in the field of nursing practice have increased over time,but improvements remain needed to ensure that thorough studies with high-quality research methodologies are being performed.Future nursing researchers should not only improve the design of their intervention studies but also clearly describe the methodology they used,especially in group randomisation,blinded research designs,and estimations of required sample sizes.

A CHINESE ECONOMIC CIRCLE IN REALITY——On Five Basic Features of the Economic Relations Between the China's Mainland and Hongkong/Macao

Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new economic ruleswhich are applicable only to countries and regions inside the circle.

Legal Protection of the Right to Housing : A Comparative Study of the Mainland and Taiwan

Protection of the right to housing is necessary for housing justice and satisfies the demand for adequate housing under international human rights conventions. This paper compares legal protections of the housing right in Taiwan and China's Mainland, highlighting basic principles in Taiwan's 'Housing Act' and its problems. Taiwan's legislation may shed light on relevant legislation of China's Mainland.

Gravity gradient distribution in China's Mainland from GOCE satellite gravity gradiometry data

At present, gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer（GOCE） gravity data are always used to compute regional gravity anomaly and geoid height. In this study, the latest GOCE gravity field model data（from Oct. 2009 to Jul. 2010） are used to compute the gravity gradient of China's Mainland according to a rigorous recursion formula（in all the six directions）. The results show that the numerical values of the gravity gradients are larger in the T rr direction than those in the other directions. They reflect the terrain characteristics in detail and correlate with the regional tectonics; however, in the T ql and T r l directions,the numerical values are relatively smaller and the gravity gradients in the T r l direction do not reflect the terrain characteristics in detail.

Changes in Cultivated Land Resources and Grain Potential in China's Mainland between 1996 and 2007

Analysis of recent changes in the amount and nature of cultivated land and grain potential, and the impacts of these changes on grain security in China's Mainland provides vital information for revising and developing strategies regarding protection of cultivated land and national grain security. This study examined changes in the area of cultivated land and in grain potential in agro-ecological zones using the "change rate" method. Agro-ecological subzones were used as the basic units and agro-ecological zones as the research units. We then studied changes for all of China's Mainland using the "gravity centre model" and analyzed the structural change of cultivated lands in each agro-ecological zone to investigate the changes in detail. The results show that both cultivated land and grain potential in China's Mainland decreased from 1996 to 2007. The structural and quantitative changes in each zone have caused the shift of the gravity centres of cultivated land and grain potential in China's Mainland to the northeast. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that natural and economic resources can keep up with this change. Although a large gap remains between the grain potential and the actual grain yield, the rapid loss of grain potential and the direction of change pose great threats to grain security. To ensure comprehensive grain security in China, it is vital to rethink the regional patterns of grain production according to natural conditions without jeopardising cultivated land protection(quantitative and qualitative), and consider the direction of cultivated land use and reconstruction according to local natural conditions, water and soil resources, and the level of economic development, and then work steadily to improve the grain potential.

Fruits form Taiwan Embarking Mainland with wider and Easier Access

China Taiwan’s tropical fruits,such as,apples,mangos,honey-dew melons and guavas,have landed at major ports on the eastern of China.

Dongtai Group——Active Investment in China's Mainland

The Dongtai Group,a paper maker for40 years,is now an international trans-industrial group,comprising the paperindustry,plastics processing industry,machinemanufacture,hotels,and also securitiescompanies,real estate companies,investmentcompanies and high-tech industry.It hasestablished more than 20 companies in theUSA,Australia,Japan,Hongkong,Taiwanand China's Mainland. The group opened its first enterpriseon China's Mainland--the Fuda Industry Co.Ltd.in 1989 in Xiamen,with an investmentofUS＄ 6 million.The Fuda Company appliesadvanced international techniques andprocesses to design and produce completesets of equipment for making plastic bags,which are paralleled with those made inEurope,the USA and Japan in quality

A Pickup of IPOs in China's Mainland and Hong Kong Is Expected

According to the'EY Global IPO Trends:2016 Q2'report released in June,the IPO market in China's Mainland and Hong Kong saw a slow first half in 2016 with investors wary of the economic slowdown of China's Mainland’s growth rate and the possibility of a currency devaluation.As a result,the number of deals for the first six months of 2016

Economic recovery in Greater China—Surveys in Hong Kong and China's Mainland predict a positive outlook for both economies

Two surveys conducted in Hong Kong and China's Mainland reveal predictions of a quick recovery ahead for both economies.The surveys were conducted by CPA Australia,with the Hong Kong survey jointly sponsored by Deloitte China and CPA Australia’s Hong Kong China division.

Fresh Food Catering for Hong Kong Could Be Bought in China's Mainland

An old Chinese saying goes like 'food is the paramount necessity of the people'.Food safety is always the key element.At the conference of Annual Fresh Food Tender for Hong Kong (2016),Xiaoqun He,deputy director of registration department of CNCA(Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s