The Effects of Using a Specially Designed Stirrup on Kinetic Energy Absorption by the Knee Joint of 12 Show Jumping/Eventing Riders

The use of Winderen Knee Protection Solution stirrups compared to standard iron stirrups, reveals the following benefits: 1) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 14 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 5 - 7 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for muscles around the knee. 2) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 25 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 9 - 10 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for ligaments around the knee. 3) A significant improvement in the E-score (less time exposed to stress and shock) and ST-score (lower force around the knee) whilst walking. 4) A considerable improvement in rider comfort and feeling of leg stability (self-assessment) compared with the owners current stirrups, whilst riding.

BitTorrent系统中free riders的研究

针对BitTorent文件共享过程的特点,根据乐观疏通的思想,利用仿真实验分析了free riders对系统中其他类型的peers的下载进程的影响,给出了识别free riders的方法,提出了解决free riders问题的机制,并进行了仿真实验。结果表明：这种解决free riders问题的机制更好地激励了系统中的peers为系统做出贡献,从而获得利益;有效地控制了Bit-Torrent系统中的free riders,提高了系统的整体性能。

The Use of Sputum Dashboard and Dispatch Riders in Mitigating Delay in Sputum Samples’ Processing—Evidence from an Intervention in Lagos State, Nigeria

The act of referring TB presumptive individuals after verbal screening to another health facility/diagnostic centres for testing often results in large loss to follow-up, owing to the many barriers people face in accessing care. The transportation of sputum samples is an efficient method of increasing access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics in areas where testing is not currently available. One of the major reasons for the low yield of TB cases in the field was delay in sputum sample transportation to diagnostic laboratories among other factors. Damien Foundation Belgium, carried out a unique sputum riders initiatives in 20 LGAs of Lagos state between Q3-2019 and Q4-2020. A total of 25 sputum dispatch riders across the 20 LGAs in the State who are monitored routinely on an electronic dashboard were engaged for sputum logistics. Therefore, this report highlights how the initiatives have contributed to increased TB case notification in a densely populated metropolitan city in Nigeria. Overall, 48,265 units of sputum samples were transported to the laboratory from the facilities 99.9% of results which were received from the laboratory by the dispatch riders. The contribution of sputum riders to the overall TB case detection by the project progressively increased from 9% when the intervention began to 57% as at Q4 2020. The transportation of sputum samples by motorcycle dispatch riders is an efficient method of increasing access to TB diagnostic services in communities where testing is not currently available.

Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among the Boda-Boda Riders in Mbarara Municipality-Uganda

Background: Boda-Boda is a well-known and booming motorcycle taxi that employs youths to earn a living. They transport passengers at a faster rate where other means of transport are inaccessible or would be time consuming. Global statistics show that HIV has continued to be a major global Public Health issue especially among the “Most At-risk Populations” (MAPs) that include commercial transporters and Boda-Boda riders. Aim: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and predisposing factors for HIV/AIDS among Boda-Boda riders living in Mbarara Municipality. Specifically, the study determined the prevalence of HIV among the Boda-Boda riders, identified social demographic predisposing factors for HIV and determined knowledge of Boda riders on prevention of HIV. Study setting: Boda-Boda operators in the transport sector are at high risk of HIV infection but the HIV status of the Boda Riders in Mbarara was not known a reason why the study was instituted: Study design: This was an analytical and descriptive cross-sectional study that employed quantitative methods of data collection. The study population comprised the registered Boda-Boda operators from two divisions of Kakoba and Kakiika in Mbarara municipality. Sample size and sampling methods: Using Morgan’s table (1970), the population of the registered Boda Riders was 15,041;this corresponded to a sample size of 375 respondents by Morgan Table. Systematic sampling procedure was used to get every 3rd registered rider on the list. Data collection: A pre-tested structured tool aided data collection after group pretest counseling. Individual counseling was also done prior to testing and giving results. The laboratory technologists drew blood to determine the sero-status of the respondents. Results were recorded as tested reactive (TRR) or tested non-reactive (TR). Unigold was used as tie breaker to confirm their diagnosis in order to ascertain those who were HIV positive on determine. Data analysis: Analysis was done at univariate, bivariate and multivariate using STATA version 13, Statistical significance of the relationship was determined for the p-value (p ≤ 0.05). Significant variables were then considered at multivariate level of analysis. Results: More than half 195 (52%) of the Boda-Boda cyclist had attained primary level of education and 36.5% secondary education. HIV prevalence among Boda-Boda riders was 9.9%. Riders who had never heard of VCT/HCT screening for HIV were three times likely to acquire HIV compared to those who ever heard of VCT/HCT screening (OR = 3.35;95% CI 1.14 9.83;p = 0.027). Those with multiple partners were six times more likely to acquire HIV/AIDS compared to those who buy sex from prostitutes (OR = 6.13;95% CI 1.54 24.38;p = 0.01). The level of awareness of VCT was found high at (94.7%), and the general knowledge about utilization and importance of VCT services was at 80%, however condom use as a preventive measure was found low at 44.3% among the respondent Boda-Boda riders. Conclusion: Boda-Boda riders had high HIV prevalence of 9.9% compared to that of Mbarara district at 6.1% and much higher than 5.7% national HIV prevalence level. The predisposing factors to acquire HIV/AIDS were having multiple sexual partners, not having heard of HIV counseling and testing as well as low and inconsistent condom use at 44.3%. The study recommends health service providers and HIV counselors to intensify awareness and behavior change campaigns on condom use among the Boda-Boda riders as preventive measure against HIV.

Rider Optimization Algorithm Based Optimal Cloud Server Selection in E-Learning

Currently,e-learning is one of the most prevalent educational methods because of its need in today’s world.Virtual classrooms and web-based learning are becoming the new method of teaching remotely.The students experience a lack of access to resources commonly the educational material.In remote loca-tions,educational institutions face significant challenges in accessing various web-based materials due to bandwidth and network infrastructure limitations.The objective of this study is to demonstrate an optimization and queueing tech-nique for allocating optimal servers and slots for users to access cloud-based e-learning applications.The proposed method provides the optimization and queue-ing algorithm for multi-server and multi-city constraints and considers where to locate the best servers.For optimal server selection,the Rider Optimization Algo-rithm(ROA)is utilized.A performance analysis based on time,memory and delay was carried out for the proposed methodology in comparison with the exist-ing techniques.The proposed Rider Optimization Algorithm is compared to Par-ticle Swarm Optimization(PSO),Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Firefly Algorithm(FFA),the proposed method is more suitable and effective because the other three algorithms drop in local optima and are only suitable for small numbers of user requests.Thus the proposed method outweighs the conventional techniques by its enhanced performance over them.

平台场域内中等收入人群“滑落”风险形成与治理机制——基于美团外卖骑手的案例研究

在中等收入人群绝对规模增加的过程中,也存在着“滑落”现象,以往对于中等收入人群的研究多从收入分配制度、人力资本等角度展开。通过美团案例的研究发现,中等收入人群“滑落”的根源为生态成员权责范围的模糊,“稳中”还需依赖平台治理。处于市场优势地位的美团,在供求失衡的市场机制和算法技术的支持下,通过灵活用工模式规避雇佣责任,但这种劳资关系并非稳定的和可持续的。外卖骑手可以通过自我赋能、维护自身主体性、多栖战略等途径抵御“滑落”,同时,制度缺口填补、平台与政府协同治理、平台企业垄断规制和多元主体赋权的方式也可以阻断外卖骑手的“滑落”通道。外卖骑手“滑落”是研究橄榄型社会结构构建的经典案例,对我国完善平台治理结构和发展共同富裕具有积极意义。

平台梯度计酬制度与外卖骑手的过度劳动行为——基于剥削感知中介效应的检验

平台经济的迅猛发展催生了外卖骑手这一新就业形态从业群体,但外卖平台通过计酬体系和奖惩制度影响外卖骑手决策,甚至引发过度劳动问题。文章基于南京市1186名外卖骑手的相关数据,研究平台梯度计酬制度对骑手过度劳动行为的影响,并探讨骑手剥削感知在其中的中介作用。实证分析发现:梯度奖励幅度一方面直接正向影响骑手的过度劳动程度,另一方面通过降低剥削感知这一中介变量而间接影响过度劳动程度,即梯度奖励幅度越高,骑手剥削感知越弱,骑手的过度劳动状况越明显。因此,应建立外卖行业劳动定额并加强平台劳动监管,以保障骑手劳动权益、规范平台经济环境与促进新业态经济健康发展。

马术骑手髋腰部慢性损伤的影像学和生物力学分析

目的 通过分析专业马术骑手腰椎及髋关节影像学和表面肌电信息,了解马术骑手髋部和腰部慢性疾病发病率,探究骑手慢性疼痛的发病原因。方法 选取25名上海市马术运动管理中心马术骑手,按照病史分为慢性腰部疼痛组和慢性髋部疼痛组。同时选取12名无髋腰部疼痛普通人作为对照组,收集受试者髋腰部相关病史资料和髋腰部X线、磁共振成像及核心肌群表面肌电数据。结果 慢性腰痛者腰椎JOA评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。骑手慢性髋关节疼痛相对较轻,但Harris评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。马术骑手腰部JOA评分与Pfirrmann分级明显相关。而髋部疼痛视觉模拟评分和Harris评分与影像学参数无明显相关性。腹直肌、竖脊肌、股直肌、臀中肌和多裂肌在骑坐姿势的均方根振幅大于正常坐位(P<0.05)。结论 马术骑手的慢性腰部疼痛发病原因主要可能与软组织过度劳损和腰椎退变相关;腰-髋矢状位序列骨盆倾斜角和骶骨倾斜角的变化可以反映马术骑手腰部僵硬程度。

外卖平台在线订单分配及骑手调度优化

新兴技术(大数据/人工智能/移动互联网等)的发展和本地生活服务O2O(Online to Offline)商业模式兴起,催生了即时配送新兴物流形态,而外卖配送平台线上强履约要求成为即时配送业务痛点之一.考虑了实时外卖订单和动态变化的骑手等因素,将问题建模为带取送约束和时间约束的实时车辆调度优化问题.基于滚动时域机制将连续时间的动态问题划分为一系列离散静态子问题,设计了邻域搜索启发式算法进行求解.最后,基于大连市某外卖平台的订单业务数据对算法进行了验证,与已有文献中的方法相比,算法能有效降低平均配送时间及超时订单数量,在大规模问题场景下求解算法对平台履约影响更大,高效的调度优化算法有利于外卖平台降本增效.

基于三方演化博弈的外卖骑手违规驾驶协同治理研究

近年来,外卖已成为了大城市年轻人首选的用餐方式。由于消费者对快速送达的需求、平台企业对订单准时率的追求,外卖骑手不得不加快自己的送餐速度,导致违规驾驶,交通事故屡屡发生。为了科学、系统治理外卖人员的违规驾驶问题,本文设计平台监管惩罚、商家规范出餐、骑手规范驾驶的合作机制,构建外卖平台、商家、骑手之间的三方演化博弈模型,分析三方主体策略选择和博弈系统均衡点的稳定性,并结合数值仿真方法考察不同参数取值对三方主体演化稳定策略的影响。最后,以企业、商家、骑手三方协同治理为抓手,针对配送机制、商家环境和政府治理等方面提出相关对策建议,形成利益三方共享,矛盾问题三方联调的良性互动。

“赶工游戏”对外卖骑手不安全驾驶的影响:基于压力认知评价的视角

为有效防范外卖骑手不安全驾驶行为,减少由外卖骑手引发的交通安全事故,基于外卖平台“赶工游戏”的工作机制,结合压力认知评价理论,从安全态度和示范性规范角度,构建时间压力和竞争氛围感知对外卖骑手不安全驾驶行为影响的理论模型;向全国各地的外卖骑手发放问卷并收集有效样本360份,通过SPSS 27.0和AMOS 24.0数据分析软件分析数据的可靠性,并利用Process 4.0进行层次回归分析验证理论模型。结果表明:时间压力和竞争氛围感知可以显著正向影响不安全驾驶行为;安全态度可以显著负向影响外卖骑手不安全驾驶行为;安全态度可以介导时间压力与不安全驾驶行为的关系,也能介导竞争氛围感知与不安全驾驶行为的关系;示范性规范可以正向调节安全态度与不安全驾驶行为的关系。

新就业形态下如何破局劳动者工伤保险不完全覆盖困境——基于众包骑手群体的演化博弈分析

新就业形态下劳动者的工伤保险参保覆盖对于新就业形态的健康发展至关重要。以职业伤害风险较高且从属性偏弱的众包骑手群体为对象,从工伤保险覆盖的供需主体利益均衡视角,构建即时配送平台、众包骑手与政府的三方演化博弈模型,探究众包骑手工伤保险不完全覆盖困境生成的内在机理,推进众包骑手形成参保覆盖的具体措施。利用MATLAB仿真验证博弈分析的相关结果。研究发现:骑手遭受职业伤害的概率会影响骑手对商业保险经济补偿与平台对骑手赔偿的期望收益判断,从而影响骑手的参保策略选择;骑手参保下的订单量与单价下降损失高于商业保险资金成本,商业保险经济补偿低于平台对骑手赔偿是造成骑手工伤保险不完全覆盖困境的直接原因;政府是推动骑手工伤保险参保覆盖的关键主体,通过降低骑手参保下的损失与平台工伤保险缴纳费率,提高对平台“漏保”行为的处罚与平台对骑手赔偿等措施,能够加快推进骑手工伤保险的参保覆盖。

算法介入下众包骑手劳动关系司法认定的实践检视、困境剖析与标准重释

平台用工模式相较于传统用工模式更加灵活开放、复杂多样。尽管传统的劳动关系认定标准仍有适用价值,但不能完全适用于新业态用工形态下的平台用工模式。审判实践中,众包骑手劳动关系认定出现了平台企业与众包骑手关系性质定性不明、适用法律机械、认定标准模糊以及归责对象单一等问题。破除当前困境的关键在于对劳动关系从属性司法认定方式进行重新解释,强化算法作为新要素在人身从属性和经济从属性判断中的作用,在审判实践中结合当事人提交的证据做实质考察。同时在坚持“劳动关系—民事关系”二分模式的基础上,从合同法和侵权责任法中寻找解决方法。

“互联网+”就业模式下劳动关系认定的实证分析

近十年来,“互联网+”新业态快速发展,加剧了资强劳弱的格局,也加大了对劳动关系从属性的认定难度。以外卖骑手和网络主播为例,司法实务中对新业态劳动关系认定存在的分歧主要聚焦于合同属性、人格从属性、经济从属性和组织从属性等方面。上述分歧产生的根本原因在于新业态以隐性构建方式表面弱化实则强化了劳动关系“从属性”,而实务审查仍拘泥于传统显性构建要素,导致难以公平准确地认定新业态下的劳动关系。因此,破解新业态劳动关系认定困境的关键一是应以用工事实为基础,注重“从属性”标准的实质审查;二是应加强平台与关联企业之间内部关系的信息披露,构建起与社会发展相适应、注重保护劳动者合法权益的社会主义新型劳动关系,促进社会主义新经济的健康良性发展。

新就业形态劳动者的职业发展与转型——以外卖骑手为例

数字经济塑造的新就业形态劳动者已经成长为我国劳动群体的重要力量,其劳动过程与职业发展方向持续受到数字技术的影响和形塑。选取外卖骑手作为新就业形态劳动者的代表,研究发现:外卖骑手具有高职业流动性,长在线工作时长,以及薪资水平明显分化的就业特征,其职业技能涉及社会适应性技能、行业通适性技能和岗位专用性技能三大层次。外卖骑手有在网约配送行业内部实现等级提升、通过职务晋升和内部转岗实现工作转型以及转业至其他工作领域的三条职业发展路径,但是在路径搭建的过程中均面临着现实困境。新就业形态劳动者长久的职业发展需要有更多的政策支持与制度保障。

基于强制性国标实施视角的电动自行车头盔佩戴行为研究

近年来我国电动自行车事故频发,而在此类事故中是否佩戴头盔以及头盔质量成为对电动车骑乘者减少损害的重要因素。为了规范电动自行车头盔生产,我国修订发布了强制性国家标准《摩托车、电动自行车乘员头盔》(GB 811—2022),并于2023年7月开始实施。本文通过问卷调研探究电动自行车骑乘者佩戴头盔的行为及其主要影响因素,从强制性国标实施视角,提出了改善电动自行车骑乘者头盔佩戴行为的相关建议。

考虑均值及方差异质性的外卖骑手闯红灯行为影响因素分析

针对外卖骑手闯红灯事件频发、事故风险隐患较高的问题,调查了西安市多个信号交叉口处外卖骑手的闯红灯行为。将闯红灯行为作为因变量,将骑手个人特征、穿越行为特征、交通及环境特征等作为自变量,构建了考虑均值及方差异质性的随机参数Logit模型。采用Halton序列抽样进行参数估计,并结合参数估计结果和平均边际效应值量化分析各自变量对因变量的影响。结果表明:“饿了么”和“UU跑腿”的骑手闯红灯概率较低,到达时段为红灯第2段或第3段、停车线之后等待通行、冲突方向机动车流量较大等变量也会显著降低闯红灯概率,而同向违章人数增加、午高峰、晚高峰等变量会显著增加闯红灯概率。其中,使闯红灯概率提升最大的变量为晚高峰,其平均边际效应为0.278;使闯红灯概率降低最大的变量为停车线后等待,其平均边际效应为-0.222。此外,停车线后等待和晚高峰为随机参数变量,参数均服从正态分布,其均值和标准差分别为-1.379,1.359和2.502,5.360,且都具有显著的均值及方差异质性。对于停车线后等待这个变量,红灯第2段会同时提高其参数均值和方差,即增加闯红灯的概率,并增加该变量对闯红灯行为影响的随机性。对于晚高峰变量,机动车流量较大会同时降低其参数均值和方差,即降低闯红灯的概率,并降低该变量对闯红灯行为影响的随机性。此外,违章人数为1也会降低晚高峰参数的方差。

虚实空间中介:基于骑手视角的“外卖工厂”形成机制研究

数字经济时代依托O2O电商平台外卖店铺在中心城区大规模集聚形成“外卖工厂”。除过平台经济、消费需求以及空间成本等多方面的影响外,骑手是促进“外卖工厂”最终形成的重要实体和动态因素。文章基于虚实空间互动的分析框架,运用参与式调查法,揭示了众包、专送2种不同类型骑手在“外卖工厂”形成过程中的具体作用机制。在“外卖工厂”形成的初始阶段,众包骑手促进外卖店铺在大区域分化;专送系统的出现促进不同片区间配送效率的均衡;随着专送和众包体系的日益成熟,最终促进外卖店铺在大站点片区内完成高密度、大规模集聚。骑手作为虚拟集聚引致实体集聚的核心中介,在不同阶段和空间尺度促进了外卖店铺的分化、均衡与极化过程。

平台经济的劳动控制实现与反控制实践——基于30位外卖骑手的观察

文章从劳动过程和劳动控制理论出发,对新型平台劳动控制进行了研究。通过田野调查发现,平台控制具有渐进性和相对性,这为骑手的自主性抵抗留下了空间。平台依次通过入门指引中的“制造同意”、以奖惩机制为中心的逐级控制和基于算法系统的全面规训建构出了对骑手的控制网,这种前期隐蔽性的渐进控制让骑手受到了规训,但后期骑手明晰平台控制的机制后产生了自主性抵抗,这也让平台控制变得具有相对性。所以部分骑手在各方规训和控制下仍然表现出越跑越懒的倾向,意外的是这种自主抵抗进一步加深了他们对平台的依赖。

外卖骑手组织化参与社会治安协同治理路径研究

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,外卖行业蓬勃发展,外卖骑手数量与日俱增,社会治安形势也日益严峻,加快构建多元主体协同治理的社会治理模式已经刻不容缓。以协同治理理论为指导,通过对骑手群体和外卖骑手组织进行调研分析,提出及时感知社会治安风险、成为流动的义警队伍、参与应急处置、参与邻里守望相助等外卖骑手参与社会治安协同治理的路径,以充分发挥外卖骑手机动性强的优势,将其纳入到协同治理的主体位置上来。这也为基层社会治安协同治理注入了新鲜血液,有助于构建社会治安多元协同治理新模式。