Expedition to Mars North Pole and Creation There a Scientific Research Base

A project of the expedition to the north pole of Mars, which is carried out in two stages, has been developed. In the first stage, a space refueller and a mobile solar battery are delivered to the icy surface of the north pole of Mars. The delivery is carried out with the help of electric rocket ER-7, driven by the electric rocket engine “MARS”, and the source of electricity is a solar battery from gallium arsenide. In the second stage, the space train is formed from two interconnected ER-7 rockets and an orbital takeoff-landing capsule TLC-2, in which three astronauts land on the surface and carry out a complex of physical, biological and geological researches on Mars surface. The space refueller has been developed, which melts the water ice on the surface of Mars and with the help of an electrolyser and a liquefier produces fuel and oxidizer for the operation of the chemical rocket engine of the takeoff-landing capsule. To move astronauts from the north pole to the equator, a spacecraft—?marsoplane, which consists of the electric rocket ER-7 and the takeoff-landing capsule TLC-1 is developed. The duration of the expedition is 110 days at a cost of 2 billion dollars.

MARSZUG—A Space Train for Regular Delivery of Astronauts onto Mars

A project of the space train MARSZUG intended for regular delivery of astronauts to Mars is considered. In the first stage of the flight, the astronauts with the help of the carrier rocket equipped with a chemical rocket engine are delivered to the international space station (ISS). To deliver astronauts from Earth’s orbit to Mars orbit, a space train design consisting of two rockets, which have superconductive magnetoplasma electric engine MARS, has been developed. For the first time, a combined propulsion system MARS-M has been developed for the train movement, allowing carrying out the pitching, yaw and rotation of the rocket. This greatly simplifies the rocket control system and increases its reliability. The energy source of the electric engines is a sliding solar panel made of gallium arsenide. Working substance to create reactive thrust of electrorocket engines—hydrogen is stored in a liquid state in the cryogenic tank located along the longitudinal axis of the rocket. In the nasal part of the front electric rocket, a shaft rotating in a superconductive bearing is located. The shaft has a cylindrical nozzle, on which with the help of docking units two takeoff-landing capsules TLC-1 and TLC-2 are installed with which help landing and takeoff from the surface of Mars is carried out. This allows astronauts to constantly stay during the flight under the influence of gravity. To refuel the space train with liquid hydrogen in the orbit of Mars, the design of a space refueler with a chemical rocket engine is developed. The developed space train is able to regularly deliver astronauts to the surface near the northern pole of Mars.

Mercuryplane—A Spacecraft for Regular Delivery of Astronauts onto the Mercury

The project of “Mercuryplane”—a spacecraft for regular delivery of astronauts to the planet Mercury is considered. In the first stage of the flight, with the help of a carrier rocket, equipped with a chemical rocket engine, astronauts are delivered to the international space station ISS. A design consisting of an interorbital module and a takeoff-landing capsule has been developed to deliver astronauts from Earth’s orbit into Mercury’s orbit. The interorbital module is an electric rocket equipped with 8 superconductor magnetoplasma electric engines MARS type. The electric power supply for the engines is provided by a collapsible solar panel made of gallium arsenide. The design of the takeoff-landing capsule has been developed for landing and take-off from the surface of Mercury. A device has been developed to refuel in Earth’s orbit the electric rocket engines with nitrogen, and chemical rocket engines with oxygen and hydrogen, which are in liquid state The developed spacecraft is able to regularly deliver three astronauts from Earth orbit to the surface of Mercury within 35 days.