Genetic Diversity Analysis of Guangxi Donglan Black-bone Chicken

[Objective] This study aimed to understand the genetic diversity and breed conservation effect, and to provide reference for future germplasm resources protection and breeding researches of Guangxi Donglan black-bone chicken. [Method] The wing venous blood of Donglan Black-bone chicken（silky feather and contour feather） was collected, and the total DNA was extracted. The 18 microsatellite loci were amplified by PCR technology, and the obtained gene fragments were scanned. The number of alleles（Na）, number of effective alleles（Ne）, heterozygosity（H） and polymorphism information content（PIC） were determined using Pop Gen 32 biological software to do cluster analysis of Guangxi indigenous chicken breeds. [Result] The18 microsatellite loci of Donglan black-bone chicken were found to be highly polymorphic. A total of 98 alleles were detected out from 80 Donglan black-bone chicken samples. The averages of Na, Ne, PIC and H per locus were 5.44, 2.78, 0.5382 and 0.596 3, respectively. A total of 93 and 98 alleles were detected out from silky- and contour-feather Donglan black-bone chickens, respectively. The averages of Ne per locus were 2.62 and 2.76, of PIC per locus were 0.508 8 and 0.539 8,of H per locus were 0.624 7 and 0.599 1, respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that there was greater genetic distance between Donglan black-bone chicken and any of other Guangxi indigenous chicken breeds, including three yellow chicken, Xiayan chicken and Nandan Yao chicken, which was consistent with the breed evolution, geographical distribution and breeding history of Donglan black-bone chicken. [Conclusion] There are greater genetic variation and abundant genetic diversity in the conserved population of Donglan black-bone chicken, suggesting abundant genetic diversity and great breeding potential of Donglan black-bone chicken.

Effects of NPY Gene on Total Number of Eggs at 300 Days of Age in Donglan Black-bone Chicken

In this study, PCR-RFLP technique was employed to detect the genetic polymorphism of NPY gene and analyze the effects of various genotypes on the total number of eggs at 300 days of age in 135 Donglan black-bone chicken. According to the results, there were three genotypes （AA, AB and BB） of NPYgene in Donglan black-bone chicken group. Different genotypes exhibited significant effects （P 〈 0. 05 ） on the total number of eggs at 300 days of age. The total number of eggs at 300 days of age of AA genotype was significantly higher than that of BB genotype （P 〈 0. 05）. Therefore, the polymorphic site of NPY gene could be used as a candidate molecular marker that affects egg laying in Donglan black-bone chicken.

Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additives on Growth Performance and Dietary Nutrient Metabolism of Black-bone Chickens

[Objectives]To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on the growth performance and dietary nutrient metabolic rate of black-one chickens.[Methods]480 pieces of 1-day-old Donglan Black-bone Chickens were selected and divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates in each group,with 20 pieces in each replicate.Among them,group A was the control group and was fed the basal diet;the groups B,C,and D were the experimental groups,which were separately supplemented with 0.25%,0.50%and 1.00%of Chinese herbal medicine additives in the basal diet,and the experimental period was 70 d.At the end of the feeding experiment,24 experimental chickens with similar body weight were selected from each group,and the same design of the feeding experiment was used to continue to feed the original diet for the metabolic experiment to determine the nutrient metabolic rate.[Results]Except the 50-70 d stage,the average daily gain(ADG)of group B in other stages was increased by 5.00%-9.15%(P<0.05),and the average body weight of group B at 70 d was also increased by 4.86%(P<0.05);the ADG of group C at 36-49,1-49 and 1-70 d and the average individual weight at 70 d were also higher than that of group A by 5.90%,2.66%,2.68%and 2.57%,respectively(P>0.05);at 36-49 d,the average daily feed intake(ADFI)of group A was higher than that of group B by 6.04%(P<0.01),and was also higher than that of groups C and D by 5.12%and 4.13%(P<0.05),respectively;at 1-49 d,the ADFI of group A was higher than that of group C by 2.86%(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the four groups of experimental chickens at each stage(P>0.05);at 22-35 and 1-70 d,the feed to gain ratio(F/G)of group B was 6.32%and 3.41%lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and at 36-49 and 1-49 d,the F/G of group B was even lower;at 36-49 d,the F/G of group C was 10.15%lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and at 1-49 d,it was also lower than that of group A by 5.29%(P<0.01);there was no significant difference between the two groups at other stages.In terms of nutrient metabolism:the three different amounts of this additive have increased the metabolic rate of DM,CP,CF,NFE,CA,Ca,P,TE and other nutrients in the diet to varying degrees,especially the addition of 0.25%and 0.50%had the significant increase.[Conclusions]The addition of 0.25%Chinese herbal medicine additives in the diet can significantly improve the growth performance and main nutrient metabolic rate of Donglan Black-bone Chickens.

云南3个地方鸡群体mtDNA D-loop遗传多样性分析

他留乌骨鸡、兰坪绒毛鸡和武定鸡为分布于云南西北部和中部地区的优良地方鸡遗传资源。本研究采用mt DNA母系遗传标记,对这3个地方鸡的群体遗传变异进行了检测和遗传多样性分析。在他留乌骨鸡中检测到33个核苷酸变异位点,共定义16种单倍型,单倍型多样度为0.855±0.036,核苷酸多样度为0.017 15±0.000 58,群体内遗传距离为0.018±0.004;在兰坪绒毛鸡中发现18个核苷酸变异位点,共定义7种单倍型,单倍型多样度为0.545±0.079,核苷酸多样度为0.004 65±0.001 29,群体内遗传距离为0.005±0.001;在武定鸡中观测到36个变异位点,共定义26种单倍型,单倍型多样度为0.922±0.018,核苷酸多样度为0.015 34±0.000 80,群体内遗传距离为0.016±0.003。单倍型中介网络分析显示:他留乌骨鸡和武定鸡均包含A,B,E,F,G和H等6个母系世系,但各世系的构成比存在较大差异:他留乌骨鸡中A,B,E,F,G和H世系的构成比为35.19%,5.55%,5.55%,16.67%,27.78%,9.26%,而在武定鸡中却为34.72%,22.22%,12.50%,12.50%,15.28%,2.78%;兰坪绒毛鸡仅含有A,F和G等3个世系,构成比为2.13%,89.36%,8.51%,云南土著鸡血统占97.87%,主要由F世系构成。上述结果揭示云南3个地方鸡群体存在较大遗传分化,他留乌骨鸡和武定鸡群体变异丰富,兰坪绒毛鸡群体变异较为贫乏,但其母系遗传组成独特。本研究结果支持家鸡多个母系起源的论点。

MC1R基因TaqⅠPCR-RFLP标记与他留乌骨鸡羽色性状的相关性研究

采用PCR测序与PCR-RFLP技术,研究了MC1R基因变异与他留乌骨鸡羽毛颜色的关系。通过对他留乌骨鸡麻羽、白羽和黑羽3个品系的MC1R基因PCR扩增与测序,检测到6个SNP位点,其中5个位点引起氨基酸变异。在分析以上SNP在不同羽色品系等位基因频率差异及SNP变异特性的基础上,在A356G(D119G)位点建立了TaqⅠPCR-RFLP分子标记,对所有受试个体进行基因分型,并对A356G变异与羽色性状相关性进行了相关分析。结果表明,MC1R基因是影响他留乌骨鸡羽色的一个主效基因,A356G SNP是控制鸡羽色的一个关键变异位点。

他留乌骨鸡TYR基因多态性与色素性状相关性分析

通过研究鸡酪氨酸酶(TYR)基因多态性与羽色、肤色等色素性状相关性,为他留乌骨鸡色素性状基因纯化及分子标记选择提供科学依据。采用PCR扩增池测序与PCR-RFLP标记技术,研究他留乌骨鸡麻羽、白羽和黑羽3个羽色类群以及乌骨鸡与非乌骨鸡2种类群的TYR基因多态性,计算等位基因频率与基因型频率,并与色素性状进行了关联分析。结果显示,在他留乌骨鸡中共检测到20个SNP位点,其中2个SNP引起氨基酸改变。建立了TYR基因HindⅢ和MseⅠ两个PCR-RFLP分子标记,利用这两个标记对所有受试个体进行基因分型,关联分析提示,他留乌骨鸡TYR基因变异与羽色性状显著相关,但与肤色等乌骨性状相关不显著。TYR基因MseⅠPCR-RFLP标记可能是影响羽色性状变异的一个分子标记。

他留乌骨鸡种质资源特性及保护开发策略

从品种来源及发展、体型外貌、体重体尺、屠宰性能、鸡蛋品质和繁殖性能等方面对他留乌骨鸡种质资源特性进行全面介绍,对品种资源现状、品种保护与研究利用现状进行调查分析,提出了他留乌骨鸡的保护开发策略。

他留乌骨鸡生产性能研究初报

对他留乌骨鸡的体重、体尺及屠宰性能进行测定,并对体重、体尺和屠宰测定结果进行了相关性分析。结果表明:公鸡的生长速度比母鸡快;公鸡的体斜长、胸深、龙骨长、骨盆宽、胫长和胫围都显著高于母鸡(P<0.01),胸宽差异不显著(P>0.05),但母鸡的胸角却极显著大于公鸡(P<0.01)。公母鸡屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌重差异不明显(P>0.05),屠宰重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌重、腿肌率均为公鸡显著高于母鸡(P<0.01),但母鸡胸肌率显著高于公鸡(P<0.01)。他留乌骨鸡体重与屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌重、胸肌重等屠宰指标均显著相关(P<0.01),且相关程度较高;公鸡的体重与龙骨长、骨盆宽、体斜长、胸角、胫长和胫围均显著相关(P﹤0.01);而母鸡的体重只与体斜长和胸深显著相关(P<0.01)。