Geological Evidence and Characteristics of Activity of the Wuhe-Mingguang Section of Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone in Late Pleistocene

As the most influential strike-slip fault in East China,the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone draws scholars attention for its strong seismic activity. Nevertheless,most research has been conducted along segments in Shandong Province and Bohai Bay where huge earthquakes occur frequently. Meanwhile,it is generally believed that segments lying to the south of Huaihe River have been inactive since the late Quaternary and thus it is incapable of generating moderate or strong earthquakes. However,these understandings about the Tancheng-Lujiang fault have been questioned by our recent work for part of the fault south to the Huaihe River. Based on interpretation of high-resolution satellite images,detailed field investigations near Wuhe county and Mingguang City in northern Anhui Province and elaborate microstructure analysis, we come to the conclusion that the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone mainly consists of four branches and at least one should be active since the late Pleistocene for the Wuhe-Mingguang section. This segment is monopolized by dextral strike-slip motion in late Quaternary. Different from obvious faults in bed rocks or consolidated sediments,the latest activity trace in Quaternary loose sediment revealed by trench excavation is not obvious or even invisible to visual observation. According to our recent work and previous studies, we call for more attention to be paid to invisible faults in young sediment and also suggest that more research be conducted along this seemingly placid segment.

Deep- Seated Tectonic Activation of Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Its Control over Jiaodong Gold Concentrated Region, China

A comprehensive discussion on the deep seated genesis of gold metallogenic materials and the tectono magmatic controls over gold deposits is given in this paper, which is based on the crustal and upper mantle structural characteristics of the Jiaodong massif, the property, activation history and styles of the Tancheng Lujiang fault zone, as well as a series of accompanying tectono magmatic events. Prediction for further prospecting gold deposits in the area is also made.

Characteristic Analysis of Anomalies of Strong Earthquakes along the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Both Its Sides

This article made a systematic statistical analysis on the duration,spatial distribution,form,range,type and reliability of precursory anomalies based on the observations of precursors of 24 moderate-strong earthquakes occurring along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and its bilateral areas in Shandong,Liaoning,Hebei,Jiangsu and Jiangxi Provinces in the period from 1966 to 2005. Results show that:( 1) For M7. 0 and M6. 0earthquakes,med-term abnormities are the greatest in number,short-term abnormities come second,and imminent anomalies are the least. For M5. 0 earthquakes,short-term abnormities are often the most in number,imminent anomalies come second,and the med-term ones are the least.( 2) Precursory anomalies are periodical,part of the med and short-term anomalies are shown as short-term and imminent anomalies during their development.( 3) The development of precursor shows quasi-synchronism; the closer to earthquake occurrence time,the more turning changes of anomalies will appear.( 4)Anomalies mainly occur within an epicenter distance of 100 km, showing a relative concentrated distribution in space,and the shorter the distance to epicenter,the higher the anomaly station / item rate.( 5) The spatial distribution of anomalies is relatively correlated to the strike of structures,having a good consistency with the structure.( 6)There is no significant correlation between duration of abnormities and the epicenter distance.( 7) The higher the magnitude of the earthquake,the greater the amplitude of the abnormities measured with the same observation approach.( 8) In terms of the itemsof the observations,fluid abnormities are the greatest in number,followed by deformation and electromagnetism observations.( 9) For all observation items,med and short-term abnormities make up the majority and short-term and imminent anomalies the minority.( 10) In fluid,deformation and electromagnetism observations,fairly reliable anomalies are about double the number of reliable anomalies.

Motion and Deformation State of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone Derived from GPS Data

Based on the rotation in the entire block and homogeneous strain model ( REHSM) ,we firstly analyze the motion and deformation features across the southern part of Tancheng- Lujiang fault zone from GPS velocity fields in period of 1999 ～ 2001,2001 ～ 2004,2004 ～ 2007 and 2007 ～ 2009. The results show a dextral strike-slip feature in the Weifang- Tancheng segment and sinistral strike-slip in the Tancheng-Lujiang segment. And the deformation perpendicular to the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone alternates between tension and compression in different time-intervals. Then we resolve the relative rigid motion of blocks around Bohai Bay to the Circum-Bohai Sea area by deducting the entire rigid motion of the Circum-Bohai Sea area. We find that the Yanshan-Bohai seismic belt split this area into two parts,the northern part moving NW,and the other SE.

Prehistoric Earthquakes in the Chishan Segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone during the Mid-Late Pleistocene

Chishan is located in Sixian County of Anhui Province, and the west branch fault of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone passes through here. According to previous research, the Chishan segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone has been obviously active since the Quaternary. Trenches excavated perpendicular to the Chishan segment for this study have revealed many prehistoric earthquake ruins-the multi-phase reverse faulting colluvial wedge, which is represented as the western brick-red sandstone of the late Cretaceous or maize gravel stratum of the mid Pleistocene of the hanging wall of the fault overlapping eastward the mid-late Pleistocene brown clay. In the base of the wedges, steep NW-dipping faults were found, and the steep fault planes turned upward to gently dipping collapse planes. As revealed by the trenches, the connection line of the breaking points strikes NNE in general. Heaving landforms are preserved at most parts of the tailing edge of the hanging wall where the fault passes through, and some EW-trending gullies were offset by right-lateral faulting. The two walls of several trenches have consistently shown that the collapse of traces have been pushed by a west-to-east force. Among them, Tc1~Tc4 show that the brick red limestone(K2)overthrust and collapsed on the yellow-brown clay containing ferro-manganese nodules (Q2-3P); Tc5 reveals that the yellowish-white gravel (Q2P) and the sandstone (K2) and overthrust and collapsed on the aforementioned clay. Reverse faulting colluvial wedges are found on both walls of each of the 8 trenches, but the number of wedges revealed in different trenches is different: there is 1 wedge, and 2 wedges in Tc1 and Tc3. 3 wedges in Tc2, Tc4 and Tc5, and in individual trenches, few wedges are revealed. This may be related to the trench’s location, depth and height of the remaining denudation. From the analysis of the trenches and the thermoluminescence dating results, we can preliminarily conclude that multiple large-scale reverse faulting stick events have taken place on the Chishan segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during the mid-late Pleistocene, that is to say, many pre-historic strong earthquakes have occurred.

The Geothermal Study of the Mid-Segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Its Neighboring Region

In this paper,25 new terrestrial heat flow values newly observed along the mid-segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone are listed.With these geothermal data and 37 other terrestrial heat flow values(previously published),we describe the distribution features of terrestrial heat flows in the area.In this research,the two-dimensional temperature structure from the surface to lithospheric bottom of the Huaibei-Sixian-Jinhu profile is inferred by using the finite-element method and the temperature and heat flow of sedimentary,granitic,and basaltic layers is calculated.

New Evidence of Late Quaternary Activity on the Xinyi-Wuhe Segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone

The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone has great influence in eastern China. Studies have shown obvious signs of neotectonic activities on the Xinyi-Wuhe segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. In this study,on the basis of the previous work,many seismological surveys are made along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and trenches are excavated in key sites.Combined with the analysis of the seismic activities along the fault,the fault movement features and future seismic risk are discussed. Much first-hand information obtained in the paper can provide an important reference value for the study of large earthquake recurrence rules and the mid and long-term earthquake prediction on the Xinyi-Wuhe segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone.

Fault plane parameters of Tancheng M81/2 earthquake on the basis of present-day seismological data

The great Tancheng earthquake of M81/2 occurred in 1668 was the largest seismic event ever recorded in history in eastern China. This study determines the fault geometry of this earthquake by inverting seismological data of present-day moderate-small earthquakes in the focal area. We relocated those earthquakes with the double-difference method and found focal mechanism solutions using gird test method. The inversion results are as follows： the strike is 21.6°, the dip angle is 89.5°, the slip angle is 170°, the fault length is about 160 km, the lower-boundary depth is about 32 km and the buried depth of upper boundary is about 4 km. This shows that the seismic fault is a NNE-trending upright right-lateral strike-slip fault and has cut through the crust. Moreover, the surface seismic fault, intensity distribution of the earthquake, earthquake-depth distribution and seismic-wave velocity profile in the focal area all verified our study result.

3-D shear wave velocity structure in the shallow crust of the Tan-Lu fault zone in Lujiang,Anhui,and adjacent areas,and its tectonic implications

The Tan-Lu fault zone is a large NNE-trending fault zone in eastern China.Investigations of the structures of the fault zone and its surrounding areas have attracted much attention.In this study,we used dense-array ambient noise tomography to construct a threedimensional shear wave velocity model of shallow crust in an area about 80km×70km in Lujiang,Anhui Province,eastern China.For approximately one month we collected continuous ambient noise signals recorded by 90 short-period seismographs in the region,and obtained the short-period Rayleigh wave empirical Green's functions between stations by the cross-correlation method;we also extracted 0.5–8 s fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group velocity and phase velocity dispersion curves.Based on the direct surface wave tomography method,we jointly inverted the group velocity and phase velocity dispersion data of all paths and obtained the 3-D shear wave velocity structure in the depth range of 0–5 km.The results revealed important geological structural features of the study area.In the north region,the sedimentary center of the Hefei Basin—the southwestern part of the Chaohu Lake—shows a significant low-velocity anomaly to a depth of at least 5 km.The southwestern and southeastern regions of the array are the eastern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt and the intrusion area of Luzong volcanic rocks,respectively,and both show obvious high-speed anomalies;the sedimentary area within the Tan-Lu fault zone(about 10 km wide)shows low-velocity anomalies.However,the volcanic rock intrusion area in the fault zone is shown as high velocity.Our shallow crustal imaging results reflect the characteristics of different structures in the study area,especially the high-speed intrusive rocks in the Tan-Lu fault zone,which were probably partially derived from the magmatic activity of Luzong volcanic basin.From the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary,the Tan-Lu fault zone was in a period of extensional activity;the special stress environment and the fractured fault zone morphology provided conditions for magma in the Luzong volcanic basin to intrude into the Tan-Lu fault zone in the west.Our 3-D model can also provide important information for deep resource exploration and earthquake strong ground motion simulation.

音频大地电磁测深法在深部地热构造勘查中的应用

为探测江苏泗洪县柳山湖景区的深部地热构造,搜集已有的地质地球物理资料和已知勘探钻孔资料,布置了14条音频大地电磁测深(AMT)测线,通过资料采集、预处理、反演,得到了研究区2000 m以浅地质体电阻率空间分布情况。勘探结果表明:研究区存在较好的低阻分布带,且连续性好,推测发育两条深部构造断裂带f_(1)和f_(2),其中f_(2)断裂带规模较大,破碎带中含水,而断裂带上部为完整-较完整的高阻层,可能是良好的盖层。因此,推测深部断裂破碎带f_(2)可能是良好的含水和储水通道,建议在构造带低阻异常中心位置重点研究,为下一步钻孔布设提供依据。

^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Dating of the Shaxi Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit in the Southern Tan-Lu Fault Zone, Anhui Province

Four samples of plagioclase and biotite from the Shaxi porphyry in the lower part of the Yangtze metallogenic belt were analyzed for age determination with the ^40 Ar/^39Ar method. The results yield reproducible ages of 126 Ma to 135 Ma with a high level of confidence according to the agreement between isochron and plateau ages. The four Ar-Ar ages are relatively consistent within the analytical error. These ages are also consistent with, but more precise than, previous K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages and thus provide better constraints on the time of porphyry formation and associated Cu-Au mineralization along the middle to lower part of the Yangtze metallogenic belt. The ages of 126 to 135 Ma are interpreted to represent the intrusive time of the Shaxi porphyry, so that the Cu-Au mineralization should have occurred later due to the post-magmatic hydrothermal event.

郯庐断裂带江苏段山左口−泗洪断裂活动特征变化及成因分析

山左口−泗洪断裂经历了郯庐断裂带整个演化阶段,该断裂的最新活动时代具有分段性。确定该断裂的活动性分段位置及原因对研究郯庐断裂带内各分支断裂的活动性变化具有重要的参考价值。因此,利用野外地质调查、浅层地震勘探以及钻孔联合地质剖面等深浅部相结合的立体式研究方法,对山左口−泗洪断裂的活动性进行了研究。结果表明:山左口−泗洪断裂在北马陵山东侧为晚更新世活动断裂,在新沂市为中更新世断裂。新沂市嶂仓村小学新发现一条晚更新世−全新世早期活动断裂,该断裂可将山左口−泗洪断裂分为南北两段,北段为晚更新世活动断裂,南段为早中更新世断裂,北段晚更新世以来活动量向南调整至嶂仓村小学断裂带。北马陵山为郯庐断裂带内部沿断裂走向展布的基岩山体,其第四纪以来的持续抬升与山左口−泗洪断裂的活动性变化有一定的耦合关系。该研究对认识郯庐断裂带其他分支断裂的活动性变化和丘陵山脉的形成机制具有重要的参考价值。

高精度LiDAR技术在活动断层断错地貌研究中的应用——以沂沭断裂带莒县至郯城段为例

郯庐断裂带是我国东部地区最为重要的大型活动断裂之一,具有较强的发震能力,断裂带沿线多处穿过人类活动及聚集的城市。为了研究郯庐断裂带的几何展布及活动性特征,选取郯庐断裂带的沂沭断裂莒县至郯城范围为研究对象,考虑东部地区植被覆盖,采用机载激光雷达和地基激光雷达手段采集了断裂带沿线左山(一步涧)段、钟华山段、岌山段、马陵山段以及蒋家岭等地高精度地形数据,对断裂的滑动分布特征进行分析。通过对测量得到的点云数据进行点云匹配、镶嵌、植物滤除以及不规则三角网建模处理,得到了0.1 m空间分辨率的数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM),实现了对断裂微地貌形态的高清晰度三维再现,提取了断裂断错冲沟右旋水平位错量和断层陡坎垂直位错量,结合地质填图和探槽揭露的古地震事件进行验证和对比,对郯庐断裂带莒县至郯城段的断层活动特征进行了定量分析。结果表明,沿断裂带左山(一步涧)段、钟华山段、岌山段和马陵山段的水平和垂直位错量具有分级特征,晚第四纪以来可能发生过多期(3~5次)活动和多次古地震事件。研究成果为进一步研究郯庐断裂运动学和几何学提供了重要依据,同时也说明地基激光雷达和机载激光雷达技术在活动断层研究中有着广泛的应用前景。

郯庐断裂带中南段地壳厚度与泊松比研究

郯庐断裂带中南段与西太平洋板块俯冲以及华北克拉通破坏密切相关,研究其深部结构对于了解郯庐断裂带构造演化过程、强震的孕震机制具有重要意义.本文利用密集台阵波形资料,采用接收函数H-κ叠加方法获得郯庐断裂带中南段的地壳厚度和泊松比.结果显示,郯庐断裂带中南段的地壳厚度分布以庐江和新沂为分段点呈现出与地质构造相关的南北向分段特征:南段的断裂带西侧的地壳厚度比东侧厚约5 km,中段的断裂带两侧厚度差异减小至约3 km,而北段则表现为断裂带下方隆起特征.郯庐断裂带沿线的地壳泊松比较高,推测是地幔物质的热侵蚀和化学侵蚀所致.根据艾里地壳均衡理论,南段地壳厚度与地表高程相关,基本符合艾里地壳均衡模型;而中段两侧地表高程基本相同,两侧地壳厚度差异表明不符合艾里地壳均衡模型,可能与断裂带西侧的华北克拉通岩石圈比东侧扬子克拉通岩石圈具有更高密度有关,高密度岩石圈产生向下“拖拽力”导致莫霍面相对理论值偏深;北段的莫霍面也偏深,与中段断裂带西侧情况类似,该区域基本位于华北克拉通块体.在郯城地震破裂范围内,存在莫霍面的不平滑过渡、活动块体的边界带以及断裂的分叉与交汇这三类结构特征.在上述结构特征的区域应力更集中,从而孕育产生了1668年郯城8.5级地震.

郯城县地热资源勘查研究

山东省临沂市被授牌为“中国地热城”,区内地热资源丰富,开发利用时间长,产生了显著的社会效益和经济效益。本文以临沂市管辖的郯城县为研究区,结合区域地质背景与水文地质特征,探析地热资源形成、发育的机理,然后通过物探方法确定断裂位置,并布设探采结合孔进行钻探验证。研究表明,受峄城断裂的影响,研究区热储受构造控制比较明显,岩石较破碎、裂隙较发育。深部岩溶热储类型为典型的层状兼带状热储。

松辽盆地构造演化与中国东部构造体制转换

本文综合应用盆地构造解析、平衡地质剖面恢复、构造物理模拟等方法,探讨了松辽盆地构造演化及其地球动力学背景。松辽盆地基底是前侏罗纪古亚洲洋构造域众多微板块、地体拼贴形成的复合陆块。中—晚侏罗世,盆地基底受到郯(城)—庐(江)断裂系北段大规模左旋走滑活动的强烈改造,派生NNE、NNW和近NS向次级断裂,控制了基底构造格局、断陷盆地分布及其构造。断陷期可划分为早、晚两个脉冲式伸展阶段,早期阶段受多方向平面式正断层控制发育堑—垒构造,具有双向纯剪伸展的特点,但NNE向拉伸更显著,可能是深部岩石圈拆沉引起热穹窿与基底断裂持续左旋走滑拉分的叠加;晚期阶段受低角度犁式正断层控制发育西断东超的复合半地堑,受控于近EW向单剪伸展机制,是区域性地壳伸展拆离与岩石圈减薄的结果。拗陷期大规模热沉降是对古太平洋构造域向东迁移的响应。白垩纪末期盆地受到NWW向脉冲式挤压而发生反转,可能与伊泽纳奇板块消亡、太平洋板块开始俯冲这一转换过程中的地体拼贴有关。

郯庐断裂带北段构造特征及构造演化序列

根据大量野外地质调查和盆地地震资料分析,认为郯庐断裂北段在中-新生代发生多期不同性质的活动,形成各具特色的构造变形现象。密山县知一镇敦密断裂韧性剪切带具有左旋走滑特征,其中黑云母^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar-^(39)Ar/^(36)Ar等时线年龄为161±3Ma,是郯庐断裂带被利用发生第二期左旋走滑运动并向北扩展到中国东北-俄罗斯远东地区的产物。四平市叶赫乡佳伊断裂带中负花状断裂形成于早白垩世早中期,是郯庐断裂北段在早白垩世遭受左旋走滑-拉张作用的典型代表。四平市石岭镇佳伊断裂大型走滑-逆冲断褶带、桦甸县敦密断裂"逆地堑"、沈阳-哈尔滨逆冲断裂形成于晚白垩世嫩江运动-晚白垩世末期,这一时期脆性右旋走滑-逆冲事件规模大,影响范围广,导致整个郯庐断裂北段遭受到强烈改造。佳伊断裂带和敦密断裂带中古近纪盆地在横剖面上呈不对称地堑,并且不对称地堑沿断裂带走向发生断、超方向左右变位,是郯庐断裂带北段在古近纪时受右旋走滑、伸展双重机制控制的产物。根据郯庐断裂带北段中-新生代不同地质时期变形特征,建立了郯庐断裂北段构造演化序列。即郯庐断裂北段构造演化分为左旋韧性剪切(J_2末期)、左旋张扭(K_1早中期)、右旋压扭(K_2晚期-末期)、右旋走滑断陷(E)和构造反转(E_3末期)五个阶段。其演化历史主要受控于环太平洋构造域的构造作用。

郯庐断裂中段两侧坳陷的新生代构造-热演化特征

郯庐断裂带两侧分布众多的坳陷，其构造-热演化历史对于这些含油气坳陷的油气成藏起到重要的作用.本文利用镜质组反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹古温标模拟计算了郯庐断裂带中段两侧6个坳陷120口单井的热演化历史，在此基础上得到各坳陷新生代的地温梯度演化特征.总体上，郯庐断裂两侧坳陷的古地温梯度在新生代是逐渐降低的，在古近纪较高而新近纪仅比目前的地温梯度略高；结合构造沉降史的恢复结果，认为其反映了研究区由断陷向坳陷转化的构造演化特征.根据各坳陷古地温梯度的演化模拟结果，距离郯庐断裂带不同位置的坳陷其古热场特征存在差异.位于断裂带内的辽河盆地、渤中和昌潍坳陷古热场较高（第三纪初期的地温梯度达到57-59℃/km），且辽河盆地和昌潍坳陷在第三纪地温梯度一直处于较高的状况，而渤中坳陷新近纪时期的较低地温梯度是由于其大的构造沉降所致.远离郯庐断裂带的冀中和临清坳陷的古热场及其演化程度均是较低的，第三纪初期的地温梯度分别为53℃/km和50℃/km.由此推测郯庐断裂带在第三纪以来的活动性对其两侧地区热场的影响较大.郯庐断裂带两侧坳陷地温场的差异在宏观上受控于郯庐断裂的演化，在局部地区受控坳（盆）断裂等构造的影响.

敦密断裂带走滑运动的^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar年代学证据

敦密断裂带是郯庐断裂带北段最重要的分支,其大规模左旋走滑剪切时代一直是悬而未决的科学问题。野外构造解析和显微构造分析表明,密山县知一镇附近的敦密韧性剪切带为左旋剪切带,变形温度约450~650℃。在韧性剪切带糜棱岩中获得黑云母单矿物的40Ar/36Ar-39Ar/36Ar等时线年龄值为(161±3)Ma,结合完达山地体的走滑拼贴时代,认为敦密断裂带在中侏罗世末期发生强烈的左旋走滑运动。这一年代学数据反映了在滨太平洋构造域构造活动期间,郯庐断裂被利用而再次发生左旋走滑,并向北扩展到东北地区。敦密断裂走滑运动时代与完达山地体的走滑-拼贴增生时代吻合,两者是相同大地构造背景中的产物。

滁州中生代火山岩LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造地质学意义

详细的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,位于郯庐断裂（郯城—庐江断裂）带上张八岭隆起东侧边界上的滁州火山岩形成于早白垩世,具体年龄为132～116Ma,岩浆具有多期喷发的特点。该岩浆活动中132Ma的喷发年龄是郯庐断裂带上同期钙碱性岩浆最早出现的时间,代表了该断裂带上岩石圈伸展运动的开始时间。尽管滁州火山岩在构造位置上属于扬子克拉通,但岩浆岩中的古老锆石指示岩浆来源于古老的华北克拉通,这一现象可以用大陆碰撞后楔入模型来解释。该火山岩形成于中国东部岩石圈减薄的动力学背景之下,为岩石圈减薄及壳幔相互作用造成的早白垩世大规模岩浆活动的同期产物。与华北克拉通内部的同期火山岩年代学资料相比,断裂带上火山活动具有相对较早的开始时间和较长的演化历史,表明断裂带内岩石圈具有较克拉通内部强烈的减薄程度和长期的减薄历史,这一特点可能与郯庐断裂带于早白垩世初的大规模左行平移有关。