Acute large vessel occlusion is a common cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with high rates of disability and lethality. The incidence of tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery accounts for about 20% of pa...Acute large vessel occlusion is a common cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with high rates of disability and lethality. The incidence of tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery accounts for about 20% of patients with large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation in acute ischemic stroke. The low rate of recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis in AIS due to internal carotid artery tandem occlusion, the poor establishment of collateral circulation within a short time, and the complex pathogenesis often suggest a poor prognosis for patients. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is beneficial for the opening of intracranial large vessel occlusion with internal carotid artery tandem occlusion, there are many problems regarding the emergency management of carotid artery occlusion or stenosis after mechanical thrombectomy, and there are currently no standardized treatment recommendations;The sequential approach to the management of carotid tandem occlusion, the timing of carotid stenting, and the use of antiplatelet agents remain controversial. The current state of research on carotid tandem occlusion is analyzed in the literature to promote clinical understanding of endovascular treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to carotid tandem occlusion.展开更多
Tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion after carotid dissection predicts poor outcome after systemic thrombolysis. Current treatments include the use of endovascular carotid stenting, which carri...Tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion after carotid dissection predicts poor outcome after systemic thrombolysis. Current treatments include the use of endovascular carotid stenting, which carries with it a high risk of propagating further embolic events and worsening the dissection. New strategies for avoiding the aforementioned side-effects include recanalization using cross-collaterals for delivery of intra-lesional tissue plasminogen activator(t PA). We present two cases that provide further support for this novel approach. Both patients presented with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale of 20, received intra-arterial t PA via cross-collateralization, and made full recoveries without the need for stenting.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Very rarely does DKA lead to cerebral edema,and it is even rarer for it to result in cerebral infarction.Bilateral inter...BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Very rarely does DKA lead to cerebral edema,and it is even rarer for it to result in cerebral infarction.Bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion(BICAO)is also rare and can cause fatal stroke.Moreover,case reports about acute cerebral infarction throughout both internal carotid arteries with simultaneous BICAO are very scarce.In this study,we present a patient with BICAO,T1DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia,who had a catastrophic bilateral cerebral infarction after a DKA episode.We briefly introduce BICAO and the mechanisms by which DKA results in cerebral infarction.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old woman presented with ischemic stroke that took place 3 mo prior over the left corona radiata,bilateral frontal lobe,and parietal lobe with right hemiplegia and Broca’s aphasia.She had a history of hypertension for 5 years,hyperlipidemia for 4 years,hyperthyroidism for 3 years,and T1DM for 31 years.The first brain magnetic resonance imaging not only revealed the aforementioned ischemic lesions but also bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.She was admitted to our ward for rehabilitation due to prior stroke sequalae.DKA took place on hospital day 2.On hospital day 6,she had a new massive infarction over the bilateral anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery territory.After weeks of aggressive treatment,she remained in a coma and on mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure.After discussion with her family,compassionate extubation was performed on hospital day 29 and she died.CONCLUSION DKA can lead to cerebral infarction due to several mechanisms.In people with existing BICAO and several stroke risk factors such as hypertension, T1DM,hyperlipidemia, DKA has the potential to cause more serious ischemic strokes.展开更多
BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of acute ischemic stroke recommend the use of retrievable stents for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with ...BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of acute ischemic stroke recommend the use of retrievable stents for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion that can be treated within 6 h from onset.For cases of carotid artery with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery tandem embolization, the operation is more complicated and challenging. We here report a case of a tandem embolism, and the anatomy of the aortic arch was complex.Direct carotid artery incision and thrombectomy can not only prevent the escape of the carotid embolus but also save time during establishment of the thrombectomy access.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 70-year-old man. He was admitted to hospital due to sudden inability to speak and inability to move his right limb for 3 h. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of a tandem embolism in the left carotid artery with left M1 occlusion.Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stent thrombectomy was performed. The operation was successful, and 24 h later the patient was conscious and mentally competent but had motor aphasia. His bilateral limb muscle strength level was 5, and his neurologic severity scores score was 2.CONCLUSION Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stenting for carotid artery plus cerebral artery tandem embolization is clinically feasible. For patients with a complicated aortic arch and an extremely tortuous carotid artery, carotid artery incision can be chosen to establish the interventional path.展开更多
目的：观察 Solitaire AB 型支架取栓术治疗血栓栓塞造成的急性大脑中动脉闭塞或合并颈内动脉闭塞的效果。方法因急性血栓栓塞造成的单纯大脑中动脉闭塞患者5例、大脑中动脉闭塞合并同侧颈内动脉不同节段闭塞患者8例。13例患者在发病6 h...目的：观察 Solitaire AB 型支架取栓术治疗血栓栓塞造成的急性大脑中动脉闭塞或合并颈内动脉闭塞的效果。方法因急性血栓栓塞造成的单纯大脑中动脉闭塞患者5例、大脑中动脉闭塞合并同侧颈内动脉不同节段闭塞患者8例。13例患者在发病6 h 内接受了取栓治疗，利用 Solitaire AB 型支架取栓。结果13例患者中，10例闭塞血管再通、3例闭塞血管部分再通；出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分（中位数）为6（4）分，较术前 NIHSS 评分（中位数）19（4．5）分明显下降（P ＜0．01）。10例闭塞血管再通患者中，4例恢复良好（mRS 评分0～2分）、4例残疾（mRS 评分≥3分）、1例死于原发性肾病、1例死于心力衰竭；3例闭塞血管部分再通患者中，1例术后第90天随访 mRS 评分4分，2例因大面积脑梗死死亡。13例患者中，8例术后24 h 颅脑 CT 扫描示脑梗死灶内出血。结果 Solitaire AB 型支架取栓术治疗血栓栓塞造成的急性大脑中动脉闭塞或合并颈内动脉闭塞可获得较高的血管再通率，临床效果较好。展开更多
目的探讨颈内动脉起始部闭塞串联颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者血管内治疗的有效性和安全性。方法2018年8-11月共5例颈内动脉起始部闭塞串联颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉闭塞患者,均行颈内动脉起始部支架植入术,...目的探讨颈内动脉起始部闭塞串联颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者血管内治疗的有效性和安全性。方法2018年8-11月共5例颈内动脉起始部闭塞串联颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉闭塞患者,均行颈内动脉起始部支架植入术,再行颅内动脉支架取栓术。术后即刻采用脑梗死溶栓血流分级(TICI)评价血管再通程度,术后3 d、90 d和1年采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价预后。结果5例患者均顺利完成颈内动脉起始部支架植入术以及颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉支架取栓术,手术成功率为5/5。术后即刻TICI分级3级2例、2b级2例、2a级1例,血管再通率为4/5,未发生颅内出血或动脉再闭塞,神经功能明显改善。术后90 d mRS评分0分2例,2分2例,3分1例。术后1年均预后良好(mRS评分0~1分)。结论颈内动脉起始部闭塞串联颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者,急诊行颈内动脉起始部支架植入术并顺行颅内动脉支架取栓术安全、有效。展开更多
文摘Acute large vessel occlusion is a common cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with high rates of disability and lethality. The incidence of tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery accounts for about 20% of patients with large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation in acute ischemic stroke. The low rate of recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis in AIS due to internal carotid artery tandem occlusion, the poor establishment of collateral circulation within a short time, and the complex pathogenesis often suggest a poor prognosis for patients. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is beneficial for the opening of intracranial large vessel occlusion with internal carotid artery tandem occlusion, there are many problems regarding the emergency management of carotid artery occlusion or stenosis after mechanical thrombectomy, and there are currently no standardized treatment recommendations;The sequential approach to the management of carotid tandem occlusion, the timing of carotid stenting, and the use of antiplatelet agents remain controversial. The current state of research on carotid tandem occlusion is analyzed in the literature to promote clinical understanding of endovascular treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to carotid tandem occlusion.
文摘Tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion after carotid dissection predicts poor outcome after systemic thrombolysis. Current treatments include the use of endovascular carotid stenting, which carries with it a high risk of propagating further embolic events and worsening the dissection. New strategies for avoiding the aforementioned side-effects include recanalization using cross-collaterals for delivery of intra-lesional tissue plasminogen activator(t PA). We present two cases that provide further support for this novel approach. Both patients presented with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale of 20, received intra-arterial t PA via cross-collateralization, and made full recoveries without the need for stenting.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Very rarely does DKA lead to cerebral edema,and it is even rarer for it to result in cerebral infarction.Bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion(BICAO)is also rare and can cause fatal stroke.Moreover,case reports about acute cerebral infarction throughout both internal carotid arteries with simultaneous BICAO are very scarce.In this study,we present a patient with BICAO,T1DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia,who had a catastrophic bilateral cerebral infarction after a DKA episode.We briefly introduce BICAO and the mechanisms by which DKA results in cerebral infarction.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old woman presented with ischemic stroke that took place 3 mo prior over the left corona radiata,bilateral frontal lobe,and parietal lobe with right hemiplegia and Broca’s aphasia.She had a history of hypertension for 5 years,hyperlipidemia for 4 years,hyperthyroidism for 3 years,and T1DM for 31 years.The first brain magnetic resonance imaging not only revealed the aforementioned ischemic lesions but also bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.She was admitted to our ward for rehabilitation due to prior stroke sequalae.DKA took place on hospital day 2.On hospital day 6,she had a new massive infarction over the bilateral anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery territory.After weeks of aggressive treatment,she remained in a coma and on mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure.After discussion with her family,compassionate extubation was performed on hospital day 29 and she died.CONCLUSION DKA can lead to cerebral infarction due to several mechanisms.In people with existing BICAO and several stroke risk factors such as hypertension, T1DM,hyperlipidemia, DKA has the potential to cause more serious ischemic strokes.
文摘BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of acute ischemic stroke recommend the use of retrievable stents for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion that can be treated within 6 h from onset.For cases of carotid artery with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery tandem embolization, the operation is more complicated and challenging. We here report a case of a tandem embolism, and the anatomy of the aortic arch was complex.Direct carotid artery incision and thrombectomy can not only prevent the escape of the carotid embolus but also save time during establishment of the thrombectomy access.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 70-year-old man. He was admitted to hospital due to sudden inability to speak and inability to move his right limb for 3 h. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of a tandem embolism in the left carotid artery with left M1 occlusion.Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stent thrombectomy was performed. The operation was successful, and 24 h later the patient was conscious and mentally competent but had motor aphasia. His bilateral limb muscle strength level was 5, and his neurologic severity scores score was 2.CONCLUSION Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stenting for carotid artery plus cerebral artery tandem embolization is clinically feasible. For patients with a complicated aortic arch and an extremely tortuous carotid artery, carotid artery incision can be chosen to establish the interventional path.
文摘目的：观察 Solitaire AB 型支架取栓术治疗血栓栓塞造成的急性大脑中动脉闭塞或合并颈内动脉闭塞的效果。方法因急性血栓栓塞造成的单纯大脑中动脉闭塞患者5例、大脑中动脉闭塞合并同侧颈内动脉不同节段闭塞患者8例。13例患者在发病6 h 内接受了取栓治疗，利用 Solitaire AB 型支架取栓。结果13例患者中，10例闭塞血管再通、3例闭塞血管部分再通；出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分（中位数）为6（4）分，较术前 NIHSS 评分（中位数）19（4．5）分明显下降（P ＜0．01）。10例闭塞血管再通患者中，4例恢复良好（mRS 评分0～2分）、4例残疾（mRS 评分≥3分）、1例死于原发性肾病、1例死于心力衰竭；3例闭塞血管部分再通患者中，1例术后第90天随访 mRS 评分4分，2例因大面积脑梗死死亡。13例患者中，8例术后24 h 颅脑 CT 扫描示脑梗死灶内出血。结果 Solitaire AB 型支架取栓术治疗血栓栓塞造成的急性大脑中动脉闭塞或合并颈内动脉闭塞可获得较高的血管再通率，临床效果较好。
文摘目的探讨颈内动脉起始部闭塞串联颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者血管内治疗的有效性和安全性。方法2018年8-11月共5例颈内动脉起始部闭塞串联颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉闭塞患者,均行颈内动脉起始部支架植入术,再行颅内动脉支架取栓术。术后即刻采用脑梗死溶栓血流分级(TICI)评价血管再通程度,术后3 d、90 d和1年采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价预后。结果5例患者均顺利完成颈内动脉起始部支架植入术以及颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉支架取栓术,手术成功率为5/5。术后即刻TICI分级3级2例、2b级2例、2a级1例,血管再通率为4/5,未发生颅内出血或动脉再闭塞,神经功能明显改善。术后90 d mRS评分0分2例,2分2例,3分1例。术后1年均预后良好(mRS评分0~1分)。结论颈内动脉起始部闭塞串联颈内动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者,急诊行颈内动脉起始部支架植入术并顺行颅内动脉支架取栓术安全、有效。
