Solar cells are now widely used as a clean method for electric energy generation. Among various type of solar cells, we compared the ability between amorphous and tandem (amorphous and polycrystalline) silicon solar c...Solar cells are now widely used as a clean method for electric energy generation. Among various type of solar cells, we compared the ability between amorphous and tandem (amorphous and polycrystalline) silicon solar cells by means of simultaneous running test. This kind of comparison is of importance practically, because the comparison of only inherent characteristics cannot include environmental parameters such as temperature totally. It was concluded that both types of solar cells provided almost the same energy for one year. The amorphous silicon solar cell provided more energy in summer while the tandem solar cell was advantageous in winter. It is due to the fact that the decrease in energy conversion at the higher cell temperature is more noticeable in tandem solar cells.展开更多
目的:初步了解江苏省结核分枝杆菌临床分离菌株的数目可变串联重复序列(Variable number of tandem repeats,VNTR)的基因型及VNTR基因分布特征。方法:在苏南、苏中、苏北三个地区13个结核病定点诊疗单位收集临床分离菌株。选取结核分枝...目的:初步了解江苏省结核分枝杆菌临床分离菌株的数目可变串联重复序列(Variable number of tandem repeats,VNTR)的基因型及VNTR基因分布特征。方法:在苏南、苏中、苏北三个地区13个结核病定点诊疗单位收集临床分离菌株。选取结核分枝杆菌基因组中11个具有明显多态性特征的VNTR位点,通过PCR扩增,2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和Bio Numerics(Version 3.0)软件进行结核菌株VNTR的多态性和聚类分析。结果:共收集到168株结核分枝杆菌。不同的菌株在同一位点上具有多态性。共分为10个基因型(Ⅰ,Ⅱ～Ⅹ型),其中以Ⅷ型为主要基因型,占75.0%、其次为Ⅱ型5.4%、Ⅳ型4.2%、Ⅶ型9.5%。不同地区之间,苏南、苏中、苏北三个地区也都以Ⅷ型为主要基因型,分别占各地区的83.5%,57.1%,76.6%;但是苏南、苏中、苏北三地的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ型菌株分布在各地菌株中的比例有差异显著性((2=54.710,P<0.0001),Ⅱ型以苏中为主(11.9%)、Ⅲ型以苏南为主(3.8%)、Ⅳ型以苏南、苏北为主(5.1%与6.4%)、Ⅶ型以苏中为主(31.0%)。结论:江苏省的结核分枝杆菌具有明显的多态性,以Ⅷ型为主要流行型,不同地区间同样以Ⅷ型为主要流行型,但菌型分布存在一定的差异。展开更多
文摘Solar cells are now widely used as a clean method for electric energy generation. Among various type of solar cells, we compared the ability between amorphous and tandem (amorphous and polycrystalline) silicon solar cells by means of simultaneous running test. This kind of comparison is of importance practically, because the comparison of only inherent characteristics cannot include environmental parameters such as temperature totally. It was concluded that both types of solar cells provided almost the same energy for one year. The amorphous silicon solar cell provided more energy in summer while the tandem solar cell was advantageous in winter. It is due to the fact that the decrease in energy conversion at the higher cell temperature is more noticeable in tandem solar cells.
文摘目的:初步了解江苏省结核分枝杆菌临床分离菌株的数目可变串联重复序列(Variable number of tandem repeats,VNTR)的基因型及VNTR基因分布特征。方法:在苏南、苏中、苏北三个地区13个结核病定点诊疗单位收集临床分离菌株。选取结核分枝杆菌基因组中11个具有明显多态性特征的VNTR位点,通过PCR扩增,2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和Bio Numerics(Version 3.0)软件进行结核菌株VNTR的多态性和聚类分析。结果:共收集到168株结核分枝杆菌。不同的菌株在同一位点上具有多态性。共分为10个基因型(Ⅰ,Ⅱ～Ⅹ型),其中以Ⅷ型为主要基因型,占75.0%、其次为Ⅱ型5.4%、Ⅳ型4.2%、Ⅶ型9.5%。不同地区之间,苏南、苏中、苏北三个地区也都以Ⅷ型为主要基因型,分别占各地区的83.5%,57.1%,76.6%;但是苏南、苏中、苏北三地的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ型菌株分布在各地菌株中的比例有差异显著性((2=54.710,P<0.0001),Ⅱ型以苏中为主(11.9%)、Ⅲ型以苏南为主(3.8%)、Ⅳ型以苏南、苏北为主(5.1%与6.4%)、Ⅶ型以苏中为主(31.0%)。结论:江苏省的结核分枝杆菌具有明显的多态性,以Ⅷ型为主要流行型,不同地区间同样以Ⅷ型为主要流行型,但菌型分布存在一定的差异。
