On the Unipolar Generator: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

When studying the phenomenon of the induced electromotive force, which originates from Faraday’s unipolar inductor, the contrast between Faraday’s view of the magnetic field dynamic lines and the theory of relativity is revealed. In order to remove this contradiction, this phenomenon was studied in depth, theoretically and experimentally, using an experimental setup similar to Faraday’s. Calculations of the induced electromotive force, based on relativity on the one hand and on Faraday’s view on the other were made with the help of measurements of the magnetic field components. Accurate magnetic field measurements are confirmed by analytical calculations. Precise-induced electromotive force measurements confirmed Faraday’s view and contradicted the theory of relativity.

深水采油树Spring-Seal密封圈接触模型构建与实验测试

为提高深水采油树在高压、高温、低温等工况下长时间工作的稳定性,对采油树密封圈进行重新设计,提出Spring-Seal密封圈(以下简称S密封圈);基于赫兹接触理论、填料密封接触理论,重新构建S密封圈接触力学模型;建立有限元仿真分析模型,分析不同条件下S密封圈的密封性能,同时验证新建接触模型的合理性;利用实验测试S密封圈的实际密封效果。研究结果表明:S密封圈在高压、高温、低温等工况下能够长时间稳定工作且密封性能良好。研究结果可为S密封圈的接触研究及工程运用提供理论参考。

Experimental Study of the Interaction between Building Clusters and Flash Floods

In recent years, flash flood disasters have occurred frequently in southwest China due to the increased frequency of extreme climate events. To solve this problem, great efforts have been made in studying the process of flash flood. However, little attention was paid on bearing body of hazard, the clusters of buildings. Thus the real disaster mechanism of flash flood remains unclear.Accordingly, based on the experiments of artificial flash floods in a conceptual solid model, this paper focuses on the flood-impacted inundation characteristics of the building clusters at different locations of the gully model, in order to obtain a better understanding of the disaster process and the interaction between the flash floods and building clusters. The results showed that, in a typical smallscale flash flood gully with hot and dry climate, 1)clusters of buildings on an alluvial fan could reduce about 35% of the flooding area by blocking the diffusion of the flood to the depression areas, and could also promote the deposition in lower reaches of the river channel by blocking the overbank flow from going back into the channel, making the width-depth ratio of the channel larger. 2) The flash flood rates of disaster and hazard on the alluvial fan are generally higher than that of the inner gully. For the inner gully,buildings located on the beaches along the lower river and the transitional areas of the straight channel and channel bends can easily be affected because of their lower elevations. For the alluvial fan, buildings nearby the meanders suffer the greatest impacts because of bank collapsing and flooding. 3) The safe vertical distance from a building to the river channel is 13 m for the buildings in the inner gully under extreme floods. Below this threshold, the smaller the vertical distance is, the greater the risk exposure is. For the buildings on the alluvial fan, especially for the buildings near the concave bank of the top rush point,the horizontal distance is more important, and the safe value is 80 m under extreme floods.

Nest survival rate of Reeves＇s pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) based on artificial nest experiments

To explore the nest survival rate of Reeves＇ s pheasant（Syrmaticus reevesii） and the nest-site factors that affect it, we conducted artificial nest experiments with reference to natural nests at Dongzhai National Nature Reserve（DNNR）, Henan Province and Pingjingguan, Hubei Province from April to June 2014 simulating the situation in its early and later breeding season. We also determined distance characteristics of the nest sites by Arc GIS 10.0. Nest survival models were constructed in Program MARK for data analysis. Results indicated that in the early breeding season, the apparent survival rate（ASR） in DNNR（52.4%） was significantly greater than that in Pingjingguan（13.5%）, and the ASR in the later breeding season in DNNR（26.7%） was not indistinctively correlated with Pingjingguan（3.2%）. The daily survival rate（DSR） in the later breeding season was 93.8% in DNNR and 92.0% in Pingjingguan, respectively. The DSRs were both negatively correlated with nest distance to forest edges and settlements. The DSR in Pingjingguan was positively correlated with nest distance to paths and negatively correlated with nest distance to water sources. However, the DSR in DNNR was negatively correlated with nest distance to paths but positively correlated with nest distance to water sources.

Simulation Experiments on the Reaction of CH_4-CaSO_4 and Its Carbon Kinetic Isotope Fractionation

Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) in geological deposits can account for the accumulation of H2S in deep sour gas reservoirs. In this paper, thermal simulation experiments on the reaction of CH4-CaSO4 were carried out using an autoclave at high temperatures and high pressures. The products were characterized with analytical methods including carbon isotope analysis. It is found that the reaction can proceed to produce H2S, H2O and CaCO3 as the main products. Based on the experimental results, the carbon kinetic isotope fractionation was investigated, and the value of Ki (kinetic isotope effect) was calculated. The results obtained in this paper can provide useful information to explain the occurrence of H2S in deep carbonate gas reservoirs.

The influence of nonparaxiality on the spectral behavior in Young's experiment illuminated by partially coherent light

Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, this paper studies the spectral behavior in Young＇s experiment illuminated by nonparaxial partially coherent light and compares with the paraxial case, where the influence of nonparaxiality of partially coherent light on the spectral shifts and spectral switches is stressed. It is shown that there is a spectral shift in the nonparaxial case relative to the paraxial one and the critical position changes, at which the spectral switch occurs. The ratio of the waist width to the central wavelength ω0/λ0 and relative spatial correlation length △ affect the spectral difference. The smaller ω0/λ0 is, the larger the difference between the nonparaxial and paraxial results appears. The effect of relative spatial correlation length △ is relatively small.

Remarks on interpretations of the Eotvos experiment and misinterpretation of E=mc^2

The Eotvos experiment on the verification of equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass of a body is famous for its accuracy. A question is, however, can these experimental results be applied to the case of a physical space in general relativity, where the space coordinates could be arbitrary？ It is pointed out that it can be validly applied because it has been proven that Einstein＇s equivalence principle for a physical space must have a frame of reference with the Euclidean-like structure. Will claimed further that such an overall accuracy can be translated into an accuracy of the equivalence between inertial mass and each type of energy. It is shown that, according to general relativity, such a claim is incorrect. The root of this problem is due to an inadequate understanding of special relativity that produced the famous equation E=mc^2, which must be understood in terms of energy conservation. Concurrently, it is pointed out that this error is a problem in Will＇s book, ‘Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics＇.

Cymbal Structural Optimization for Improving Piezoelectric Harvesting Efficiency with Taguchi’s Orthogonal Experiment

To improve piezoelectric harvesting efficiency of Cymbal, optimization design of Cymbal parameters was studied with the method of Taguchi’s orthogonal experiment. The effective factors of piezoelectric harvesting property were firstly analyzed. The orthogonal experiment schedule was then designed. The finite element model of Cymbal was built via ASPL tool in ANSYS software and static analysis was done. The experimental results were gotten with developed program. The optimization level of each factor was gained. Under the synthetical optimization level of each design factor, the piezoelectric analysis was tested and the open voltage of 236.476 V was revealed with improving 35.73% than the maximum voltage of 174.228 V in the orthogonal experiment. The average voltage of 229.98 V was measured with the manufactured optimized Cymbal structure design. The relative error was 2.54% between simulation and measured data. It indicated that the optimization design schedule was reasonable. Cymbal harvester with the optimized parameters could scavenge larger voltage.

Parameters Optimization for Piezoelectric Harvesting Energy from Pavement Based on Taguchi’s Orthogonal Experiment Design

To effectively harvest vibration energy from pavement without affecting driving comfort and safety, parameter optimization was done with the orthogonal experiment design and the finite element analysis. L16(44) Taguchi’s orthogonal experiments were carried out with planted depth, PZT material, PZT diameter and thickness as optimization parameters and with open voltage and pavement displacement as optimization objectives. The experiment results were obtained via the finite element method. By using range analysis method, the dominance degree of the influencing factors and the optimum condition was obtained for the two objectives, respectively. Further, the multi-objective optimization was performed based on a weight grade method. The combined optimum conditions in order of their dominance degree are PZT diameter 35 mm, PZT thickness 6 mm, planted depth 50 mm and material PZT4. The validity of optimization scheme was confirmed.

COMPARISON OF THE EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF VORTEX CONTROL BY DEFLECTING FLAPS ON A HIGHLY SWEPT DELTA WING

In order to investigate the effects of vortex control by deflecting flaps on the improvement of the aerodynamics of highly swept wings at large incidence, comparison of the experimental and numerical studies was conducted for a 74° delta wing equipped with an apex flap and leading edge flaps. In the experimental study, flow visualization and force measurement were employed and in the numerical study the pseudo compressibility method was utilized to solve the 3 D incompressible Navier Stokes equations. The flow visualization and numerical simulation show that two vortex systems generated on the apex flap and leading edge flaps interact in the form of mergence, and the downward deflection of the apex flap enhances the strength and delays the breakdown of the prime vortex at large incidence. The comparison of the aerodynamic characteristics illustrates that there are advantageous effects of deflecting flaps downward on the control of vortices.

Kolmogorov’s Probability Spaces for “Entangled” Data-Subsets of EPRB Experiments: No Violation of Einstein’s Separation Principle

It is demonstrated that the use of Kolmogorov’s probability theory to describe results of quantum probability for EPRB (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm) experiments requires extreme care when different subsets of measurement outcomes are considered. J. S. Bell and his followers have committed critical inaccuracies related to spin-gauge and probability measures of such subsets, because they use exclusively a single probability space for all data sets and sub-sets of data. It is also shown that Bell and followers use far too stringent epistemological requirements for the consequences of space-like separation. Their requirements reach way beyond Einstein’s separation principle and cannot be met by the major existing physical theories including relativity and even classical mechanics. For example, the independent free will does not empower the experimenters to choose multiple independent spin-gauges in the two EPRB wings. It is demonstrated that the suggestion of instantaneous influences at a distance (supposedly “derived” from experiments with entangled quantum entities) is a consequence of said inaccuracies and takes back rank as soon as the Kolmogorov probability measures are related to a consistent global spin-gauge and permitted to be different for different data subsets: Using statistical interpretations and different probability spaces for certain subsets of outcomes instead of probability amplitudes related to single quantum entities, permits physical explanations without a violation of Einstein’s separation principle.

Environmental regulation and firms'performance:a quasi-natural experiment from China

This paper investigates whether environmental regulation affects firm's performance including productivity,wage and employment using firm-level data in 1996-2007.The identification uses Two Control Zones(TCZ)policy implemented by the Chinese government in 1998,in which tougher environmental regulations were imposed in TCZ cities but not others.By difference-indifferences estimation,we find that tougher environmental regulation leads to larger increase on both total factor productivity and wage,and firms tend to employ fewer workers under pressure of environmental protection.Heterogeneous tests show that the impacts are better for nonpollution intensive firms,non-exporters and SOEs.Finally,we find that R&D input and exiting firms among industry are the driving forces for enhancing TFP and increasing wage and unemployment.

Interference Experiment with a Transparent Mask Rejects Wave Models of Light

Young’s double-slit experiment shows characteristics of light that are modeled as indicating a wave nature of light. Other experiments suggest a particle model of light. An experiment is performed with the Fraunhofer pattern from a first mask impinging on a transparent second mask with a slit. The screen pattern is an interference pattern such as produced in Young’s Experiment. An opaque strip between the first and second mask blocks the light of the center maxima from the first mask. The screen interference fringes remained. Moving the glass mask so the slit is removed from light shows the necessity of a slit in the second mask. This suggests a Newtonian type of light model. This experiment rejects the wave models of light.

海上热采油田H_(2)S成因机理研究

随着我国海上稠油油田的深入开发,热采蒸汽驱规模逐步扩大,相应的H_(2)S系列问题也愈发凸显。H_(2)S不仅危害人的健康,还能腐蚀金属设备,严重影响生产的安全平稳运行。本文以L稠油油田为例,在调研目标油田储层概况和H_(2)S生成情况的基础上,通过黄金管热模拟实验、色谱分析等方式,探究海上热采油田的H_(2)S的成因机理。实验结果表明,L稠油油田H_(2)S生成的物源主要为原油和地层水,岩屑能够起到催化作用;温度和时间是影响H_(2)S的主控因素,温度越高、时间越长,生成的H_(2)S量越高;L油田H_(2)S生成的主要原因是发生了地层水热裂解、硫酸盐还原反应。该研究成果能够为其他热采油田的H_(2)S成因研究提供探索思路,为油田H_(2)S治理指明方向。

基于U-G-S合作的地方师范类院校教师教育模式研究

高校—政府—中小学(university-government-school,U-G-S)合作是各国高度重视的教师教育模式,该模式由高校、政府和中小学结成战略合作伙伴关系,协同促进未来教师的培养。基于U-S合作的内涵分析,梳理了美国教师“专业发展学校”模式、英国“以中小学为基地的教师培训学校”模式、法国教师教育“职前职后一体化”模式、芬兰“研究本位”的教师培养模式等国外有代表性的未来教师教育模式,阐述了基于U-G-S合作的未来教师教育模式在中国的发展状况。结合应用型大学关于教师教育的探索实践,对基于U-G-S合作的地方师范类院校教师教育模式优化提出建议。

China's Space Animal Experiments Obtained Achievements

Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the ability of adjusting pressure, temperature and moisture control, air conditioning and purifying as well as foods and water supply. After 8-days’ flight, all performance parameters were normal and met the design requirements. The two mice kept alive for 5 days and 10 hours

An Analysis of Mystical Experience in Sophy' s Hysterical Hallucination in Darkness Visible

In William Golding' s Darkness Visible,Sophy' s experience of " hysterical hallucination" plays an important role in the the matic expression.They point directly to the evil nature of man.Although the specific content of hallucinations is different,they possess a common characteristic-mystical experience.They worth further research.This paper examines Sophy' s mystical experience in her hyster ical hallucination,so as to find out the functions of mystical experience and its influences on the novel' s thematic expression.

Outcome of non-variceal acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in relation to the time of endoscopy and the experience of the endoscopist: A two-year survey

AIM: To prospectively assess the impact of time of endoscopy and endoscopist's experience on the outcome of non-variceal acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding patients in a large teaching hospital.METHODS: All patients admitted for non-variceal acute upper GI bleeding for over a 2-year period were potentially eligible for this study. They were managed by a team of seven endoscopists on 24-h call whose experience was categorized into two levels (high and low) according to the number of endoscopic hemostatic procedures undertaken before the study. Endoscopic treatment was standardized according to Forrest classification of lesions as well as the subsequent medical therapy. Time of endoscopy was subdivided into two time periods: routine (8 a.m.-5 p.m.) and on-call (5 p.m.-8 a.m.). For each category of experience and time periods rebleeding rate, transfusion requirement, need for surgery, length of hospital stay and mortality we compared. Multivariate analysis was used to discriminate the impact of different variables on the outcomes that were considered.RESULTS: Study population consisted of 272 patients (mean age 67.3 years) with endoscopic stigmata of hemorrhage. The patients were equally distributed among the endoscopists, whereas only 19% of procedures were done out of working hours. Rockall score and Forrest classification at admission did not differ between time periods and degree of experience.Univariate analysis showed that higher endoscopist's experience was associated with significant reduction in rebleeding rate (14% vs 37%), transfusion requirements (1.8±0.6 vs 3.0±1.7 units) as well as surgery (4% vs 10%), but not associated with the length of hospital stay nor mortality. By contrast, outcomes did not significantly differ between the two time periods of endoscopy.On multivariate analysis, endoscopist's experience was independently associated with rebleeding rate and transfusion requirements. Odds ratios for low experienced endoscopist were 4.47 for rebleeding and 6.90 for need of transfusion after the endoscopy.CONCLUSION: Endoscopist's experience is an important independent prognostic factor for non-variceal acute upper GI bleeding. Urgent endoscopy should be undertaken preferentially by a skilled endoscopist as less expert staff tends to underestimate some risk lesions with a negative influence on hemostasis.

Experience of the patient's success in facing post-stroke urinary incontinence: the patient's perspective

Objective:Post-stroke urinary incontinence(UI)is one of the sequelae of stroke.This situation affects all aspects of the patient’s life–physically,psychologically,socially,and spiritually.This study aimed to investigate the experience of patients’success in facing a post-stroke UI.Methods:A qualitative study using the Rapid Assessment Procedure(RAP)approach was used in this study.Informants were selected using purposive sampling.In-depth interviews with as many as 8 patients who had recovered from post-stroke UI and living in the greater area of Southeast Sulawesi(Indonesia)were conducted.In-depth interviews were also conducted with 8 caregivers and 2 nurses.Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach and interpretation of data was based on Humanbecoming theory and Self-care deficit theory of nursing.Results:Five successful things the patients experienced during post-stroke UI were identified.The five successes were as follows:they provided information to get to know and understand post-stroke UI,followed the procedures to overcome post-stroke UI,conducted self-control exercises and stayed motivated,performed daily activities independently according to ability,and made use of family suppor t and peers’attention.Conclusions:These findings indicated that persistence,belief,independence,and social support(family and peer)made patients to successfully face their post-stroke UI and improved their quality of life.These findings also became the basis for developing a poststroke UI management model based on Humanbecoming theory and Self-care deficit theory of nursing.

梓醇-川芎嗪方干预APPswe/PS1dE9双转基因阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的作用机制研究

目的:探究梓醇-川芎嗪方干预APPswe/PS1dE9双转基因阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的作用机制。方法:将3月龄C57BL/6J野生型小鼠为对照组(control组),构建阿尔茨海默病模型后,将同月龄APPswe/PS1dE9双转基因小鼠随机分为模型组(model组)、梓醇-川芎嗪方低剂量组(CT-L组)、梓醇-川芎嗪方中剂量组(CT-M组)、梓醇-川芎嗪方高剂量(CT-H组)、安理申组,对照组及模型组均给予生理盐水灌胃,各用药组以相应药物灌胃,每日灌胃1次,连续8周。对各组小鼠进行行为学观察,检测各组小鼠海马组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)及血清中β淀粉样蛋白42(Aβ42)。结果:行为学观察:与model组比较,CT-M组、CT-H组、Arceipt组长时程学习和参考记忆能力、自主探究能力、情景识别记忆能力、短期工作记忆能力、条件恐惧记忆能力,缓解焦虑、抑郁状态等7项行为学指标均明显好转(P<0.01);与CT-L组比较,CT-M组、CT-H组、Arceipt组7项行为学指标均明显好转(P<0.05或P<0.01);与CT-M组比较,CT-H组7项行为学指标均明显好转(P<0.05);与Arceipt组比较,CT-H组7项行为学指标均明显好转(P<0.05)。生化检测方面:与model组比较,CT-M组、CT-H组、Arceipt组海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均升高,AChE活性、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平及血清Aβ42水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与CT-L组比较,CT-M组、CT-H组、Arceipt组海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均升高,AChE活性、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平及血清Aβ42水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);与CT-M组比较,CT-H组海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均升高(P<0.05),AChE活性、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平及血清Aβ42水平均降低(P<0.05);与Arceipt组比较,CT-H组海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均升高(P<0.05),AChE活性、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平及血清Aβ42水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论:梓醇-川芎嗪方可以改善阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的长时程学习和参考记忆能力、自主探究能力、情景识别记忆能力、短期工作记忆能力、条件恐惧记忆能力,缓解焦虑、抑郁状态,且其效应呈剂量依赖性,高剂量梓醇-川芎嗪方优于安理申。其作用机制可能与提高海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平,降低AChE活性及iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA、Aβ42水平有关。