Baram and Tanjung sands were evaluated for potential use as proppants.Experiment was conducted on Baram and Tanjung sands following ISO and ASTM recommended standards.Results showed that Baram and Tanjung sand mineral...Baram and Tanjung sands were evaluated for potential use as proppants.Experiment was conducted on Baram and Tanjung sands following ISO and ASTM recommended standards.Results showed that Baram and Tanjung sand mineralogy is predominantly quartz with presence of metal oxides.Shape descriptors of both sands for sphericity and roundness were above 0.7.Baram sand was retained by 20/40 mesh size with mean size of 448.2 mm,bulk density of 1.32 g/cc,acid solubility of 1.5%and crush resistance of 4000 psi.While Tanjung sand was retained by 30/50 mesh size with mean size of 383.2 mm,bulk density of 1.30 g/cc,acid solubility of 1.20%and crush resistance of 8000 psi.This indicates that Baram sand has larger grain size that supports high permeability at low closure stress,making this sand suitable for shallow depth hydraulic fracturing operations,whereas Tanjung sand is more suitable for deeper domains with high closure stress.Experimental results and economic comparison with commercial frac sand and other proppant types support using Baram and Tanjung sands as potential proppants.展开更多
S:Tanjung Piai wetland has now been proclaimed to be a wetland of international importance since 2003. Therefore, its heavy metal pollution status should be known and recorded. In this study, sediments in Tanjung Piai...S:Tanjung Piai wetland has now been proclaimed to be a wetland of international importance since 2003. Therefore, its heavy metal pollution status should be known and recorded. In this study, sediments in Tanjung Piai wetland were collected in 2002 and 2005 and were analysed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. For comparison purpose, sediments were also collected for metal analysis from a known polluted site at Kg. Pasir Puteh, four jetties and a river. A comparison with the polluted sediment collected from Kg. Pasir Puteh and the established Sediment Quality Criteria showed that Tanjung Piai was not polluted with Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. These background concentrations or baseline data of heavy metals in the sediment is important for future reference. Therefore, Tanjung Piai wetland is a suitable site for sanctuary and wetland conservation and it should be conserved for its pristine conditions in order to support its high biodiversity.展开更多
文摘Baram and Tanjung sands were evaluated for potential use as proppants.Experiment was conducted on Baram and Tanjung sands following ISO and ASTM recommended standards.Results showed that Baram and Tanjung sand mineralogy is predominantly quartz with presence of metal oxides.Shape descriptors of both sands for sphericity and roundness were above 0.7.Baram sand was retained by 20/40 mesh size with mean size of 448.2 mm,bulk density of 1.32 g/cc,acid solubility of 1.5%and crush resistance of 4000 psi.While Tanjung sand was retained by 30/50 mesh size with mean size of 383.2 mm,bulk density of 1.30 g/cc,acid solubility of 1.20%and crush resistance of 8000 psi.This indicates that Baram sand has larger grain size that supports high permeability at low closure stress,making this sand suitable for shallow depth hydraulic fracturing operations,whereas Tanjung sand is more suitable for deeper domains with high closure stress.Experimental results and economic comparison with commercial frac sand and other proppant types support using Baram and Tanjung sands as potential proppants.
文摘S:Tanjung Piai wetland has now been proclaimed to be a wetland of international importance since 2003. Therefore, its heavy metal pollution status should be known and recorded. In this study, sediments in Tanjung Piai wetland were collected in 2002 and 2005 and were analysed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. For comparison purpose, sediments were also collected for metal analysis from a known polluted site at Kg. Pasir Puteh, four jetties and a river. A comparison with the polluted sediment collected from Kg. Pasir Puteh and the established Sediment Quality Criteria showed that Tanjung Piai was not polluted with Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. These background concentrations or baseline data of heavy metals in the sediment is important for future reference. Therefore, Tanjung Piai wetland is a suitable site for sanctuary and wetland conservation and it should be conserved for its pristine conditions in order to support its high biodiversity.
