The purpose of this study was to prepare nano-titanium tannate complex (TTC) and to investigate its adsorption capacity for removal of cationic dyes such as crystal violet (CV) dye. The morphology and the main element...The purpose of this study was to prepare nano-titanium tannate complex (TTC) and to investigate its adsorption capacity for removal of cationic dyes such as crystal violet (CV) dye. The morphology and the main elements of TTC adsorbent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), while its crystal structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, FT-IR spectroscopy study structural aspects of TTC. A “cotton-ball”-like and porous surface structure of titanium tannate complex (TTC) with nanoparticle size of 16.18 nm show high capability for absorbing crystal violet dye. The effect of several parameters such as contact time, initial concentrations of CV, solution pH and the amount of TTC was investigated. Three different kinetic equations such as pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion were used to study the order and the mechanism of the adsorption process. The adsorption of CV dye followed pseudo- second order equation. Moreover, equilibrium data were tested with four adsorption isotherm models namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R). Langmuir was the best fit for the data with maximum capacity as 58.8 mg/g. The results of Separation factor, Surface coverage and standard free energy (ΔG°) indicated that adsorption of CV onto TTC was favorable with fast rate and spontaneous physical adsorption process.展开更多
In wine production, the typical characteristics of variety, defined by its place of their origin, contribute to the development of distinctive and unique wines. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of the envi...In wine production, the typical characteristics of variety, defined by its place of their origin, contribute to the development of distinctive and unique wines. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of the environment using vine response and grape composition as indicators. Four cv. Tannat vineyards in three different climatic regions of Uruguay with similar soil conditions were studied in 2008 and 2009. Vines grafted onto SO4 （Vitis berlandieri × Vitis riparia） rootstock and were trained on a trellis system. Weather information was obtained from weather stations （MMO standards）. At each vineyard, we recorded： yield per plant, pruning weight, leaf area and pre-dawn leaf water potential. We analyzed sugars, total acidity and pH, polyphenolic potential, organic acids and berry weight. Analysis of variance, Pearson correlations and discriminant analysis were carried out. The climate factors with the highest discriminant weight were water balance, degree days （〉 10 ℃） of maturation and rainfall during the vegetative growth period. Plant response allowed us to discriminate between vineyards regardless of the year and was consistent with climate. Exposed leaf area and length of maturation period were the indexes with the highest values, followed by leaf water potential and grape yield. The total anthocyanin content, sugar contents and their daily accumulation, and acid composition statistically separate regions regardless of the year. We concluded that plant response and grape composition were strongly influenced by water supply and thermal conditions during ripening.展开更多
The use of food additives with xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity offers an alternative approach to hyperuricemic and gout disease treatment, and provides an example of antioxidant nutraceutics. The in vitro an...The use of food additives with xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity offers an alternative approach to hyperuricemic and gout disease treatment, and provides an example of antioxidant nutraceutics. The in vitro and in silico XO inhibitory activity of polyphenols from Uruguayan Tannat grape pomaces and propolis extracts was evaluated as well as the scavenging capacity of said compounds. When comparing propolis and grape pomace samples, the in vitro studies demonstrated that polyphenols extracted from propolis are more active as free radical scavengers than those from Tannat grape pomace. Both natural products effectively inhibited XO but the capacity of phenols present in GP is higher than the one present in P. The high content of anthocyanins in GP, absent in P, could account for this observation. In silico assays allowed us to determine relevant ligand-receptor interactions between polyphenols, from a database built with previously reported polyphenols from both natural products, and the active site of XO. The in silico results showed that compound (E)-isoprenylcaffeate from propolis was the best potential XO inhibitor displaying hydrophobic aromatic interaction between the conjugated ring of the caffeate moiety and polar interactions between hydroxyl groups from caffeate with the active site polar residues. Among grape pomaces, the Cyanidin-3-O-(6-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside was the best XO inhibitor;its moiety oxychromenyl being relevant to the docking stabilization. All these results lead us to propose Uruguayan propolis and Tannat grape pomace extracts as food additives as well as phytopharmaceuticals to decrease the uric acid levels in gout disease and to act against oxidative stress.展开更多
A new technique, involving tool making, clearing, staining, cutting and mounting specimens on slides, was described for studying Collembola taxonomy. It could resolve the problem of observing Collembola glass specimen...A new technique, involving tool making, clearing, staining, cutting and mounting specimens on slides, was described for studying Collembola taxonomy. It could resolve the problem of observing Collembola glass specimens under standard optical microscopy, because the phase-contrast microscope has not been available for all researchers. A type of micro cutting probe （about 1 μm in tip diameter） was designed, and it made the cutting method go from two-handed to one-handed, which was a huge step forward in the cutting method of Collembola. The micro cutting probe was custom designed for Collembola using two electric grinders, followed by ferric tannate staining with a stable blue color, mounting in specialized solutions and sealing with a neutral quick-drying gum. We also described a method to make glass capillary extractor and glass capillary brush to make sure a better condition of cleared specimens.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study was to prepare nano-titanium tannate complex (TTC) and to investigate its adsorption capacity for removal of cationic dyes such as crystal violet (CV) dye. The morphology and the main elements of TTC adsorbent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), while its crystal structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, FT-IR spectroscopy study structural aspects of TTC. A “cotton-ball”-like and porous surface structure of titanium tannate complex (TTC) with nanoparticle size of 16.18 nm show high capability for absorbing crystal violet dye. The effect of several parameters such as contact time, initial concentrations of CV, solution pH and the amount of TTC was investigated. Three different kinetic equations such as pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion were used to study the order and the mechanism of the adsorption process. The adsorption of CV dye followed pseudo- second order equation. Moreover, equilibrium data were tested with four adsorption isotherm models namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R). Langmuir was the best fit for the data with maximum capacity as 58.8 mg/g. The results of Separation factor, Surface coverage and standard free energy (ΔG°) indicated that adsorption of CV onto TTC was favorable with fast rate and spontaneous physical adsorption process.
文摘In wine production, the typical characteristics of variety, defined by its place of their origin, contribute to the development of distinctive and unique wines. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of the environment using vine response and grape composition as indicators. Four cv. Tannat vineyards in three different climatic regions of Uruguay with similar soil conditions were studied in 2008 and 2009. Vines grafted onto SO4 （Vitis berlandieri × Vitis riparia） rootstock and were trained on a trellis system. Weather information was obtained from weather stations （MMO standards）. At each vineyard, we recorded： yield per plant, pruning weight, leaf area and pre-dawn leaf water potential. We analyzed sugars, total acidity and pH, polyphenolic potential, organic acids and berry weight. Analysis of variance, Pearson correlations and discriminant analysis were carried out. The climate factors with the highest discriminant weight were water balance, degree days （〉 10 ℃） of maturation and rainfall during the vegetative growth period. Plant response allowed us to discriminate between vineyards regardless of the year and was consistent with climate. Exposed leaf area and length of maturation period were the indexes with the highest values, followed by leaf water potential and grape yield. The total anthocyanin content, sugar contents and their daily accumulation, and acid composition statistically separate regions regardless of the year. We concluded that plant response and grape composition were strongly influenced by water supply and thermal conditions during ripening.
文摘The use of food additives with xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity offers an alternative approach to hyperuricemic and gout disease treatment, and provides an example of antioxidant nutraceutics. The in vitro and in silico XO inhibitory activity of polyphenols from Uruguayan Tannat grape pomaces and propolis extracts was evaluated as well as the scavenging capacity of said compounds. When comparing propolis and grape pomace samples, the in vitro studies demonstrated that polyphenols extracted from propolis are more active as free radical scavengers than those from Tannat grape pomace. Both natural products effectively inhibited XO but the capacity of phenols present in GP is higher than the one present in P. The high content of anthocyanins in GP, absent in P, could account for this observation. In silico assays allowed us to determine relevant ligand-receptor interactions between polyphenols, from a database built with previously reported polyphenols from both natural products, and the active site of XO. The in silico results showed that compound (E)-isoprenylcaffeate from propolis was the best potential XO inhibitor displaying hydrophobic aromatic interaction between the conjugated ring of the caffeate moiety and polar interactions between hydroxyl groups from caffeate with the active site polar residues. Among grape pomaces, the Cyanidin-3-O-(6-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside was the best XO inhibitor;its moiety oxychromenyl being relevant to the docking stabilization. All these results lead us to propose Uruguayan propolis and Tannat grape pomace extracts as food additives as well as phytopharmaceuticals to decrease the uric acid levels in gout disease and to act against oxidative stress.
文摘A new technique, involving tool making, clearing, staining, cutting and mounting specimens on slides, was described for studying Collembola taxonomy. It could resolve the problem of observing Collembola glass specimens under standard optical microscopy, because the phase-contrast microscope has not been available for all researchers. A type of micro cutting probe （about 1 μm in tip diameter） was designed, and it made the cutting method go from two-handed to one-handed, which was a huge step forward in the cutting method of Collembola. The micro cutting probe was custom designed for Collembola using two electric grinders, followed by ferric tannate staining with a stable blue color, mounting in specialized solutions and sealing with a neutral quick-drying gum. We also described a method to make glass capillary extractor and glass capillary brush to make sure a better condition of cleared specimens.
