Dynamic Response of Sea-Crossing Rail-cum-Road Cable-Stayed Bridge Influenced by Random Wind–Wave–Undercurrent Coupling

Sea-crossing bridges are affected by random wind–wave–undercurrent coupling loads, due to the complex marine environment. The dynamic response of long-span Rail-cum-Road cable-stayed bridges is particularly severe under their influence, potentially leading to safety problems. In this paper, a fluid–structure separation solution method is implemented using Ansys–Midas co-simulation, in order to solve the above issues effectively while using less computational resources. The feasibility of the method is verified by comparing the tower top displacement response with relevant experimental data. From time and frequency domain perspectives, the displacement and acceleration responses of the sea-crossing Rail-cum-Road cable-stayed bridge influenced by wave-only, wind–wave, and wind–wave–undercurrent coupling are comparatively studied. The results indicate that the displacement and acceleration of the front bearing platform top are more significant than those of the rear bearing platform. The dominant frequency under wind–wave–undercurrent coupling is close to the natural vibration frequencies of several bridge modes,such that wind–wave–undercurrent coupling is more likely to cause a resonance effect in the bridge. Compared with the wave-only and wind–wave coupling, wind–wave–undercurrent coupling can excite bridges to produce larger displacement and acceleration responses: at the middle of the main girder span, compared with the wave-only case, the maximum displacement in the transverse bridge direction increases by 23.58% and 46.95% in the wind–wave and wind–wave–undercurrent coupling cases, respectively;at the tower top, the variation in the amplitude of the displacement and acceleration responses of wind–wave and wind–wave–undercurrent coupling are larger than those in the wave-only case, where the acceleration change amplitude of the tower top is from-0.93 to 0.86 m/s^(2) in the waveonly case, from-2.2 to 2.1 m/s^(2) under wind–wave coupling effect, and from-2.6 to 2.65 m/s^(2) under wind–wave–undercurrent coupling effect, indicating that the tower top is mainly affected by wind loads, but wave and undercurrent loads cannot be neglected.

桃夭门大桥基岩长周期设计反应谱

文中结合舟山市桃夭门大桥抗震设计在长周期频段的需要,研究分析了桃夭门大桥场地基本地震地质环境特点和长周期地面运动谱的研究现状,从强震记录长周期分量信息特点出发,以强震记录为基础,选用了11个有代表性的M≥65的强震,共72条强震地面运动记录,参照核法规HAF0101(1)特定场地谱的确定方法,通过统计分析建立了以均值反应谱为基础的长周期反应谱。

Research status and prospect of wind-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system

To promote and develop the theoretical basis and application of the wind-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system,the corresponding research status and prospects are reviewed and discussed from five aspects,i.e.,the analytical framework,the aerodynamic interference,the evaluation criteria,the design loads of long-span bridge and the double-deck railcum-road bridge.The refining process of analysis system is reviewed from the aspects of simulation wind load,vehicle load and bridge structure,and the corresponding coupling relationship.For aerodynamic interference,the development process is summarized from the simulative precision of the elements(wind,vehicle and bridge),the load cases and the object of interference.For evaluation criteria,the corresponding development course is summarized from the certain evaluation method to uncertain one.For long-span bridge design load,the wind and vehicle loads are reviewed and summarized from current multinational codes and theoretical research.For double-deck rail-cum-road bridge,the mechanism of multi-element coupling relationship and corresponding aerodynamic interference are both reviewed.By comprehensive review and summary,the analytical framework is in the process from simplification to refinement.The simulation and consideration of the objects of structural interference gradually become complex.The corresponding simulation theory,wind tunnel scale,test equipment and technology are the key factors to limit its development.For systematic evaluation of vehicle and bridge,the structural and systemic security are the basis of the evaluation,and the auxiliary components and functional evaluation need to be paid more attention.The evaluation criterion will be developed from certain method to reliability assessment.For design load of long-span bridge,the vehicle load is gradually transferred from the simple application of the design load of small-medium span bridge into a complex model considering the load characteristics.For double-deck rail-cum-road bridge,the basic theory and experimental study on coupling mechanism and aerodynamic interference need to be developed.

Fatigue evaluation of steel-concrete composite deck in steel truss bridge—A case study

An innovative composite deck system has recently been proposed for improved structural performance.To study the fatigue behavior of a steel-concrete composite bridge deck,we took a newly-constructed rail-cum-road steel truss bridge as a case study.The transverse stress history of the bridge deck near the main truss under the action of a standard fatigue vehicle was calculated using finite element analysis.Due to the fact that fatigue provision remains unavailable in the governing code of highway concrete bridges in China,a preliminary fatigue evaluation was conducted according to the fib Model Code.The results indicate that flexural failure of the bridge deck in the transverse negative bending moment region is the controlling fatigue failure mode.The fatigue life associated with the fatigue fracture of steel reinforcement is 56 years.However,while the top surface of the bridge deck concrete near the truss cracks after just six years,the bridge deck performs with fatigue cracks during most of its design service life.Although fatigue capacity is acceptable under design situations,overloading or understrength may increase its risk of failure.The method presented in this work can be applied to similar bridges for preliminary fatigue assessment.

复杂海域环境下公铁两用斜拉桥主塔基础施工技术研究

桃夭门公铁两用大桥墩基础面临紧邻既有大型桥梁、深水急流、海蚀陡崖、倾斜裸岩、窄水域、重航运等复杂恶劣环境,给下部结构施工带来极大的挑战。为解决复杂海域环境下主塔群桩、承台的施工问题,针对大桥5#主墩基础,提出“先桩后堰+钓鱼法形成平台+回转钻机和冲击钻成孔”的施工工艺;针对大桥6#主墩基础,提出“回填筑岛+冲击钻孔”的施工工艺;研究成果有效解决了裸岩平台生根、急流钢管和钢围堰精准沉放、大直径桩基成孔等控制技术难题,可为类似工程提供经验参考。

强冲刷腐蚀环境下桥梁桩基耐久性设计研究

为解决跨海桥梁桩基础在强冲刷及氯盐环境下的腐蚀问题,以桃夭门公铁两用大桥为研究对象,运用数学解析的方法研究了圆形桩基中氯离子的双时变扩散规律,分析双时变特征参数对氯离子浓度分布的影响,提出相应的桩基设计方法。结果表明:随着桩基在海洋腐蚀环境中暴露时间的增加,混凝土表面氯离子浓度不断增加,扩散深度增加呈幂指数降低;龄期衰减系数越大,氯离子扩散系数趋于稳定且收敛值也越小;随氯离子浓度衰减系数的增加,氯离子浓度趋于稳定的时间缩短,混凝土中氯离子浓度也不断增加;氯离子扩散系数的时变性比氯离子浓度的时变性对氯离子浓度的影响更为显著。并提出了围堰兼作防腐抗冲击新型防护结构设计、最小保护层厚度设计和裂缝宽度控制3个方面的具体设计措施,有效提高了桩基础的抗冲刷和防腐蚀能力。

长期冲刷下跨海桥梁桩基动力特性及地震响应研究

以新建铁路宁波至舟山铁路桃夭门公铁两用跨海大桥为研究对象,在分析墩位水文地质特征基础上,运用仿真分析的手段建立大跨度跨海桥梁桩基地震分析模型,研究桥梁桩基动力特性及时变地震响应。结果表明:长期冲刷对桥梁结构的动力特性有显著影响,桥梁模型的自振周期与基础冲刷深度呈现正相关关系,且在前3阶模态振型和第8阶的自振周期增加明显;在相同冲刷深度条件下,桩顶位置变形较大,随着深度的增加,桩基地震变形呈非线性迅速衰减并趋于零;随着冲刷深度的增加,最大冲刷线以上桩基的位移不断增加,最大冲刷线以下桩基的位移增幅较小;桥梁桩基损伤超越概率与基础冲刷深度(冲刷时间)呈现正相关关系;在同一工况下,随着损伤状态从轻微损伤、中等损伤、严重损伤和完全损伤变化,桥梁桩基的损伤超越概率逐步减小;桥梁桩基纵桥向发生严重损伤的概率比横桥向大,纵桥向和横桥向发生完全损伤的概率大致相同。

Aerodynamic impact of train-induced wind on a moving motor-van

The newly-built single-level rail-cum-road bridge brings the issue of the aerodynamic impact of train-induced wind on road automobiles.This research introduced a validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model regarding this concern.Such an aerodynamic impact mechanism was explored;a relationship between the transverse distance between train and motor-van(hereinfafter referred to as van)and the aerodynamic effects on the van was explored to help the optimization of bridge decks,and the relationship between the automobile speed and aerodynamic variations of a van was fitted to help traffic control.The fitting results are accurate enough for further research.It is noted that the relative speed of the two automobiles is not the only factor that influences the aerodynamic variations of the van,even at a confirmed relative velocity,the aerodynamic variations of the van vary a lot as the velocity proportion changes,and the most unfavorable case shows an increase of over 40%on the aerodynamic variations compared to the standard case.The decay of the aerodynamic effects shows that not all the velocity terms would enhance the aerodynamic variations;the coupled velocity term constrains the variation amplitude of moments and decreases the total amplitude by 20%–40%.