Taqman-探针荧光定量PCR鉴定副溶血弧菌方法的建立

目的建立一种Taqman荧光定量PCR鉴定副溶血弧菌的方法。方法以副溶血弧菌标准株(ATCC-VPJS421)和其它常见致病菌标准株为研究对象,通过Gene Bank获取toxR基因的序列,采用生物信息学软件设计特异性PCR引物及Taqman探针,在SLAN 96P荧光定量PCR仪进行扩增检测,评价该检测方法的特异度和灵敏度。结果 (1)设计的引物能够扩增出特异性条带;(2)扩增体系中0.5μl探针的扩增效果优于1.0μl探针;(3)Taqman-探针荧光定量PCR检测方法对副溶血弧菌toxR基因的检测灵敏度为10-1 mg/L;(4)在检测粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、霍氏肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、溶藻弧菌、创伤弧菌、梅氏弧菌和弗尼斯弧菌等10种常见致病菌时未出现阳性扩增,特异度为100%。结论成功建立Taqman探针荧光定量PCR鉴定副溶血弧菌的方法,该方法特异度、灵敏度均较好,适用于副溶血弧菌的快速检测,具有良好的应用价值。

Taqman-探针荧光定量PCR鉴定溶藻弧菌方法的建立

目的建立一种基于DNA回旋酶B亚单位基因(gyrB)基因的Taqman-探针荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)鉴定溶藻弧菌的方法。方法以溶藻弧菌标准株(ATCC)和溶藻弧菌野生株(WT)为研究对象,通过软件设计溶藻弧菌gyrB基因的特异性PCR引物及Taqman-探针,采用荧光定量PCR仪进行检测,评价该检测方法的特异性和灵敏度。结果 Taqman-探针荧光定量PCR检测方法对溶藻弧菌gyrB基因的检测灵敏度为10^(-3)mg/L;在检测粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、霍氏肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希氏菌6种其他常见致病菌时未出现阳性扩增,特异性均为100%。结论成功建立Taqman-探针荧光定量PCR是一种特异性、灵敏度均较好的鉴定溶藻弧菌的方法,该方法适用于溶藻弧菌的快速检测,具有应用价值。

多通道Taqman-探针荧光定量PCR鉴定MRSA方法的建立

目的建立基于mec A／nuc／fem B三基因联合的 Taqman-探针荧光定量 PCR鉴定耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的方法。方法以常规检验标本中分离和采用 VITEK 2 Compact微生物分析仪鉴定为凝固酶阳性的 MRSA为研究对象，通过PrimerPremier5.0和Beacon Designer 7软件设计针对mec A／nuc／fem B特异性PCR引物及Taqman荧光探针，荧光探针5’端分别采用 FAM，HEX及 ROX标记，3’端采用BHQ1标记，在荧光定量PCR仪进行检测。结果①1 g／dl凝胶电泳结果显示mec A／nuc／fem B三个基因引物特异性较好，扩增出的条带分子量与预期分子量一致且未见非特异性扩增；②在单管单通道及单管多通道的 PCR检测中 mec A／nuc／fem B均获得特异性扩增，且三个基因在单管多通道的PCR扩增效果与单管单通道的相类似。结论成功建立了多通道 Taqman-探针荧光定量 PCR鉴定 MRSA的方法， mec A／nuc／fem B三种基因联合检测可有效区分凝固酶阴性和阳性的 MRSA，提高鉴定 MRSA的准确率。

TaqMan-探针实时荧光定量PCR同时检测立克次体目中7种重要病原菌

目的建立及优化检测立克次体目中7种重要病原菌的TaqMan-探针实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法,可同步检测并明确感染类型。方法根据普氏立克次体、莫氏立克次体和斑点热群立克次体ompB基因、恙虫病东方体groEL基因、查菲埃立克体16S rRNA基因、嗜吞噬细胞无形体gltA基因和贝氏柯克斯体com1基因序列合成引物和探针,优化反应体系及反应程序至同一方案,对该方法灵敏度、特异性和重复性等进行评价,并使用该方法对模拟样本和实际样本进行检测。结果7种病原菌标准曲线的Ct值与模板拷贝数均呈良好的线性关系(均R^(2)>0.9900),所建立方法最低检测限均为1×10拷贝数/μl且具有良好的特异性。96份蜱虫核酸提取物样本中,1份样本检出贝氏柯克斯体,3份样本检出斑点热群立克次体;80份不明原因发热患者血标本DNA中,1份样本检出恙虫病东方体,2份样本检出斑点热群立克次体。结论本研究基于TaqMan-探针qPCR方法,将7种病原菌反应体系及反应程序优化至同一方案,克服目前不同立克次体目病原菌采用不同的反应体系和反应程序的缺点,可将临床样本中立克次体目的7种重要病原菌精确定位检测至种,明确感染病原菌类型并缩短检测时间,有助于对患者的精准诊治。

Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA by real-time PCR using TaqMan-MGB probe technology

AIM: To develop a real-time PCR for detecting hepatitis B virus-(HBV) DNA based on TaqMan technology using a new MGB probe.METHODS: Plasmid containing the sequence of X gene (1414-1744 nt) was constructed as HBV-DNA standard for quantitative analysis. A TaqMan-MGB probe between primers for amplification was designed to detect PCR products. The interested sequence contained in the plasmid and in clinical specimens was quantitatively measured.RESULTS: The detection limit of the assay for HBV DNA was 1 genome equivalent per reaction. A linear standard curve was obtained between 100 and 109 DNA copies/reaction (r＞0.990). None of the negative control samples showed false-positive reactions in duplicate. HBV DNA was detected in 100% (50/50) of HBV patients with HbeAg, and in 72.0% (36/50) with HBsAg, HBeAb and HBcAb. The coefficient of variation for both intra- and inter-experimental variability demonstrated high reproducibility and accuracy.CONCLUSION: Real-time PCR based on TaqMan-MGB probe technology is an excellent method for detection of HBV DNA.

白色念珠菌TaqMan-小沟结合物探针实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应快速检测及抗真菌药物敏感性分析

目的:建立TaqMan-小沟结合物探针实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应方法,快速定量检定临床标本中的白色念珠菌并进行抗真菌药物敏感性分析。方法:针对白色念珠菌内转录间隔区和26S核糖体核糖核酸基因设计特异性引物和探针,构建含有上述基因的标准质粒进行定量分析,建立TaqMan-小沟结合物探针实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测方法,评价其特异性、灵敏度、重复性和稳定性。对1 185份临床标本中的白色念珠菌进行检测,同时进行真菌培养、普通PCR、基因克隆和测序鉴定。对所有真菌分离株进行抗真菌药物敏感性试验。结果:研究结果显示,建立的白色念珠菌TaqMan-小沟结合物探针实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测方法专属性强,能准确检出白色念珠菌,而与其他念珠菌属真菌、非念珠菌属真菌、细菌、寄生虫和病毒均无交叉反应,特异性为100%。该技术灵敏度高,能精确定量检测白色念珠菌DNA线性范围达11个数量级,白色念珠菌最低检测限度为5个菌落形成单位。该方法重复性非常好,组内和组间相对标准偏差均小于2%。测试中相关系数、斜率和效率没有显著变化,表明该方法稳定性好,精密度高。将其成功应用于临床标本中白色念珠菌载量的定量检测,用普通PCR和基因克隆测序分析进行了确证。整个检测过程可在2 h内完成,可以用作定量分析快速诊断方法。应用TaqMan-小沟结合物探针实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应从1 185份临床标本中检出94份白色念珠菌阳性标本,真菌培养获得8株存活的白色念珠菌,抗真菌药物敏感性试验分析结果显示:这些白色念珠菌分离株对制霉菌素、咪康唑、克霉唑、益康唑、氟康唑、沃尔康唑均敏感,但对两性霉素B、酮康唑、特比萘芬、氟胞嘧啶已经产生了耐药性。结论:本研究新开发评价的TaqMan-小沟结合物探针实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应,可以快速简易,精准稳定,特异灵敏地定量检定白色念珠菌,适用于动物源性产品中白色念珠菌检测、食品药品生物制品医疗器械安全检查、环境监测、流行病学调查。

TaqMan-小沟结合物荧光探针对青海省青南地区104株鼠疫菌链霉素耐药基因rpsL突变位点的筛查

目的了解青海省青南地区rpsL基因点突变引起鼠疫菌耐链霉素的现状,为今后青南地区突发人间鼠疫的精准临床用药及预防耐药发生提供理论依据。方法筛选1957—2009年青海省青南地区取自鼠疫患者、媒介昆虫体内及中间宿主的104株代表性鼠疫菌,用赫氏平皿进行分离培养,采用十二烷基磺酸钠裂解和苯酚-氯仿法提取代表性鼠疫菌的DNA,针对我国链霉素耐药基因rpsL基因设计引物及TaqMan-小沟结合物(minor groove binder,MGB)探针Probe1[FAM]和Probe2[VIC],利用TaqMan-MGB荧光探针的实时荧光聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术,对青南地区104株鼠疫菌链霉素耐药位点rpsL基因的突变情况进行检测。结果青南地区104株被试菌株FAM检测结果均为阳性,对应检测rpsL(128:A),相对荧光单位(relative fluorescence unit,RFU)峰值>1000,阴性<200。所有被试菌株VIC检测结果均为阴性,对应检测rpsL(128:G),RFU峰值<200,阳性>1000。即青南地区104株鼠疫菌中未发现耐链霉素rpsL基因点突变菌株。结论了解到青南地区鼠疫菌耐链霉素菌株分布情况,为青南地区预防耐药发生以及鼠疫菌临床治疗提供了基础数据。

CXCR4/SDF-1 axis is involved in lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the role of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS:In 40 cases of gastric cancer,expression of CXCR4 mRNA in cancer and normal mucous membrane and SDF-1 mRNA in lymph nodes around the stomach was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (TaqMan) and immunohistochemistric assay.SGC-7901 and MGC80-3 cancer cells were used to investigate the effect of SDF-1 on cell proliferation and migration.RESULTS:Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression level of CXCR4 in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in normal mucous membrane (1.6244 ± 1.3801 vs 1.0715 ± 0.5243,P < 0.05).The expression level of CXCR4 mRNA in gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis was also significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis (0.823 ± 0.551 vs 0.392 ± 0.338,P < 0.05).CXCR4 expression was significantly related to poorly differentiated,high tumor stage and lymph node metastasis.Significant differences in the expression level of SDF-1 mRNA were found between lymph nodes in metastatic gastric cancer and normal nodes (0.5432 ± 0.4907 vs 0.2640 ± 0.2601,P < 0.05).The positive expression of SDF-1 mRNA in lymph nodes of metastatic gastric cancer was consistent with the positive expression of CXCR4 mRNA in gastric cancer (r=0.776,P < 0.01).Additionally,human gastric cancer cell lines expressed CXCR4 and showed vigorous proliferation and migratory responses to SDF-1.AMD3100 (a specific CXCR4 antagonist) was also found to effectively reduce the migration of gastric cancer cells.CONCLUSION:The CXCR4/SDF-1 axis is involved in the lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer.CXCR4 is considered as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Identification of deregulated miRNAs and their targets in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： TO identify the differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets in hepatitis B virus （HBV）-associated hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. METHODS： Six hundred and sixty seven human miRNAs were quantitatively analyzed by Taqman lowdensity miRNA array （TLDA） in HBV-HCC tissues. Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analyses were used to analyze the significant function and pathway of the differentially expressed miRNAs in HBV-HCC. TargetScan software was used to predict the targets of deregulated miRNAs. Western blotting and luciferase assay were performed to verify the targets of these miRNAs.RESULTS： Ten up-regulated miRNAs （miR-217, miR- 518b, miR-517c, miR-520g, miR-519a, miR-522, miR- 518e, miR-525-3p, miR-512-3p, and miR-518a-3p） and 11 down-regulated miRNAs （miR-138, miR-214, miR-214#, miR-199a-5p, miR-433, miR-511, miR-592, miR-483-3p, miR-483-5p, miR-708 and miR-1275） were identified by Taqman miRNAs array and confirmed quantitatively by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that ＂regulation of actin cytoskeleton＂ and ＂pathway in cancer＂ are most likely to play critical roles in HCC tumorigenesis. MiR- 519a and ribosomal protein S6 kinase polypeptide 3 （RPS6KA3） were predicted as the most significant can-didates by miRNA-mRNA network. In addition, cyclin D3 （CCND3） and clathrin heavy chain （CHC）, usually up-regulated in HCC tissues, were validated as the di- rect target of miR-138 and miR-199a-5p, respectively.

A real-time PCR targeted to the upstream regions of HlyB for specific detection of Edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda has become one of the most important emerging pathogens in aquaculture industry. Therefore, a rapid, reproducible, and sensitive method for detection and quantification of this pathogen is needed urgently. To achieve this purpose, we developed a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification orE. tarda. The assay targets the hemolysin activator HlyB domain protein of E. tarda. Our optimized TaqMan assay is capable of detecting as little as 40 fg of genomic DNA per reaction. A standard curve was generated from the threshold cycle values （y） against log10 （E. tarda genomic DNA concentration） as x. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation （CV） values were less than 2.06% and 1.05% respectively, indicating that the assay had good reproducibility. This method is highly specific to E. tarda strains, as it shows no cross-reactivity to Edwardsiella ictaluri, a member of the same genus, or to nine other fish-pathogenic bacteria species belonging to three other genera. This sensitive and specific real-time PCR assay provides a valuable tool for diagnostic quantitation of E. tarda in clinical samples.

Cloning, characterization, and expression of Cytochrome b (Cytb)——a key mitochondrial gene from Prorocentrum donghaiense

Mitochondrial cytochrome b （Cytb）, one of the few proteins encoded by the mitochondrial DNA, plays an important role in transferring electrons. As a mitochondrial gene, it has been widely used for phylogenetic analysis. Previously, a 949-bp fragment of the coding gene and mRNA editing were characterized from Prorocentrum donghaiense, which might prove useful for resolving P. donghaiense from closely related species. However, the full-length coding region has not been characterized. Ih this study, we used rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） to obtain full-length, 1 124 bp cDNA. Cytb transcript contained a standard initiation codon ATG, but did not have a recognizable stop codon. Homology comparison showed that the P. donghaiense Cytb had a high sequence identity to Cytb sequences from other dinoflagellate species. Phylogenetic analysis placed Cytb from P. donghaiense in the clade of dinoflagellates and it clustered together strongly with that from P. minimum. Based on the full-length sequence, we inferred 32 editing events at different positions, accounting for 2.93% of the Cytb gene. 34.4% （11） of the changes were A to G, 25% （8） were T to C, and 25% （8） were C to U, with smaller proportions of G to C and G to A edits （9.4% （3） and 6.2% （2）, respectively）. The expression level of the Cytb transcript was quantified by real-time PCR with a TaqMan probe at different times during the whole growth phase. The average Cytb transcript was present at 39.277.46 copies of cDNA per cell during the whole growth cycle, and the expression of Cytb was relatively stable over the different phases. These results deepen our understanding of the structure and characteristics of Cytb in P. donghaiense, and confirmed that Cytb in P. donghaiense is a candidate reference gene for studying the expression of other genes.

Development of a Real-Time PCR Method (Taqman) for Rapid Identification and Quantification of Prorocentrum donghaiense

Prorocentrum donghaiense is a dinoflagellate that is widely distributed in the East China Sea and has become increasingly involved in Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Therefore, it is necessary to study this dinoflagellate to monitor HABs. In this study, 13 pairs of primers specific to P. donghaiense (within its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions) were designed for SYBR Green I real-time PCR. As the SYBR Green I real-time PCR could not identify P. donghaiense in a specific manner, a Taqman real-time PCR method was developed by designing a set of specific primers and a Taqman probe. A 10-fold serial dilution of recombinant plasmid containing ITS regions of P. donghaiense was prepared as standard samples and the standard curve was established. Additionally, we quantified the genomic DNA in P. donghaiense cells and utilized this DNA to prepare another 10-fold serial dilution of standard sample and accordingly set up the standard curve. The mathematic correlation between the cell number and its corresponding plasmid copy number was also established. In order to test the efficiency of the real-time PCR method, laboratory samples and P. donghaiense HAB field samples were employed for identification and quantitative analysis. As to laboratory samples, as few as 102 cells of P. donghaiense could be quantified precisely utilizing both centrifugation and filtration techniques. The quantification results from field samples by real-time PCR were highly similar to those by light microscopy. In conclusion, the real-time PCR could be applied to identify and quantify P. donghaiense in HABs.