Multilevel analysis of the central-peripheral-target organ pathway:contributing to recovery after peripheral nerve injury

Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.

Safety Evaluation of Myricetin and Crude Extract from Myrica rubra Leaves on Non-target Organisms

[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.

Risk of Target Organ Damage in Patients with Masked Hypertension versus Sustained Hypertension:A Meta-analysis

Objective:To compare the risk of target organ damage in masked hypertension(MH)and sustained hypertension(SH).Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.A search of PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library of relevant case-control studies was performed from inception to December 2019,and articles on MH and SH selected according to the inclusion criteria were analyzed.The primary end point was target organ damage in the heart.The secondary end points were target organ damage in the kidneys and blood vessels.Results:Seventeen studies that met the screening criteria were included in the meta-analysis.Compared with the SH group,in the MH group carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)and E/A ratio were signifi cantly greater and the prevalence of left ventricular remodeling and the pulse wave velocity were signifi cantly lower.Other indicators in the heart,kidneys,and blood vessels were not statistically different between the two groups.IMT:P=0.01,E/A ratio:P=0.01,prevalence of left ventricular remodeling:P=0.02,pulse wave velocity:P=0.01.Conclusion:Our study has shown that MH may have almost the same degree of target organ damage as SH,so clinicians may need to consider target organ damage.

Association factors of target organ damage： analysis of 17 682 elderly hypertensive patients in China

Background Hypertensive target organ damage （TOD） is the main reason for mortality or disability in elderly hypertensive patients. The studies on TOD of hypertension in Asia, especially in Chinese elderly hypertensive patients, are very limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and correlative factors of TOD in older Chinese hypertensive inpatients. Methods This is a retrospective survey and data were collected from the computerized medical files of hypertensive inpatients from January of 1993 to December of 2008. The analysis was done on 17 682 inpatients, aged 60 years or older, with a diagnosis of essential hypertension （EH）. The evidence of hypertensive TOD and associated factors with TOD were collected. Results The prevalence of any hypertensive target organ involvement among these subjects was high. In multivariable Logistic regressions adjusted for potentially confounding factors, older age, male gender, diabetes, EH grade 3, systolic blood pressure （SBP）, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, were independently associated with coronary artery disease. Age, duration of EH, EH grade 3, SBP, pulse pressure （PP）, and homocysteine （Hcy） were independently associated with cerebrovascular disease. Age, diabetes, duration of EH, EH grade 3, SBP, PP and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） were independently associated with chronic kidney disease. Male gender, EH grade 3 and SBP were independently associated with aortic dissection. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertensive TOD is high in older Chinese hypertensive inpatients. Various cardiovascular risk factors are associated with hypertensive TOD. The level of SBP and severe hypertension （grade 3 hypertension） are common independent risk factors of TOD.

Relationships of Inflammatory Factors and Risk Factors with Different Target Organ Damage in Essential Hypertension Patients

Background： Atherosclerosis （AS） is an inflammatory disease. Inflammation was considered to play a role in the whole process of AS. This study aimed to analyze the relationships of inflammatory factors and risk factors with different target organ damages （TOD） in essential hypertension （EH） patients and to explore its clinical significance. Methods： A total of 294 EH patients were selected and divided into four groups according to their conditions of TOD. Forty-eight healthy subjects were selected as control. The clinical biochemical parameters, serum amyloid A, serum tryptase, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 （Lp-PLA2） in each group were detected, and the related risk factors were also statistically analyzed. Results： Fihrinogen （Fbg） was the most significant independent risk factor in acute coronary syndrome （ACS） group （odds ratio [OR]： 22.242, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 6.458-76.609, P 〈 0.001） with the largest absolute value of the standardized partial regression coefficient B＇ （b＇： 1.079）. Lp-PLA2 was the most significant independent risk factor in stroke group （OR： 13.699, 95% CI： 5.236-35.837, P 〈 0.001） with b＂ 0.708. Uric acid （UA） was the most significant independent risk factor in renal damage group （OR： 15.307, 95% CI：4.022 58.250, P〈0.001）with b＇= 1.026. Conclusions： Fbg, Lp-PLA2, and UA are the strongest independent risk factors toward the occurrence of ACS, ischemic stroke, and renal damage in EH patients, thus exhibiting the greatest impacts on the occurrence ofACS, ischemic stroke, and renal damage in EH patients, respectively.

Risk Assessment and Ecological Effects of Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Crops on Non-Target Organisms

The application of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in many insect-resistant varieties by genetic engineering （GE）. Crops expressing Cry toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） have been planted worldwide, and are an effective tool for pest control. However, one ecological concern regarding the potential effects of insect-resistant GE plants on non-target organisms （NTOs） has been continually debated. In the present study, we briefly summarize the data regarding the development and commercial use of transgenic Bt varieties, elaborate on the procedure and methods for assessing the non-target effects of insect-resistant GE plants, and synthetically analyze the related research results, mostly those published between 2005 and 2010. A mass of laboratory and field studies have shown that the currently available Bt crops have no direct detrimental effects on NTOs due to their narrow spectrum of activity, and Bt crops are increasing the abundance of some beneficial insects and improving the natural control of specific pests. The use of Bt crops, such as Bt maize and Bt cotton, results in significant reductions of insecticide application and clear benefits on the environment and farmer health. Consequently, Bt crops can be a useful component of integrated pest management systems to protect the crop from targeted pests.

Association of blood pressure variability with target organ damage in older patients with essential hypertension

Background:Although multiple measures of blood pressure variability(BPV)have been proposed,whether they are better than mean blood pressure in predicting target organs is unclear.We aimed to determine the relationship between short term BPV and target organ injury.Methods:This study was a retrospective study,and 635 inpatients in the Department of Cardiology from 2015 to 2020 were selected.We divided participants into four groups on the basis of the quartiles of BPV.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the groups,and linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between BPV and target organ damage.Results:The average age of 635 patients was 74.36±6.50 years old.Among them,354 of 627 patients had diminished renal function(56.5%),221of 604 patients had associated left ventricular hypertrophy(36.6%),and 227 of 231 patients had carotid plaque formation(98.3%).The baseline data indicated significant differences in fasting glucose,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,creatinine,glomerular filtration rate,sex,calcium channel blocker use,and the rate of diminished renal function.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BPV was negatively correlated with renal injury(creatinine:r=0.306,p<0.01;estimated glomerular filtration rate:r=0.058,p<0.01),and BPV is positively correlated with cardiac injury(r=0.083,p<0.01).Elevated BPV was not found to be associated with vascularinjury.Conclusion:Renal function decreases with increasing BPV and left ventricular mass increases with increasing BPV.

Catestatin could ameliorate proliferating changes of target organs in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Background Catestatin, a chromogranin A-derived peptide, is a potent antagonist of nicotine-evoked catecholamine release. We know that catecholamine plays an important role in cardiovascular remodeling induced by hypertension, therefore we hypothesized that catestatin would affect target-organ structure during hypertension. Methods Twelve spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） were randomized to SHR control group and catestatin group, the normal control group was comprised of six healthy Wistar-Kyoto rats of the same age. Tail-cuff blood pressure and pulse rate were obtained at weeks 1, 4 and 8. At the end of the eight-week period, the heart, abdominal aorta and left kidney were excised and weighed, VG staining was done and the intima-media thickness of vessels and the collagen volume fraction were assessed by an image acquisition and analysis system. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） was observed by immunohistochemistry, and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to detect the mRNA levels of proliferative genes including cyclin A, ki67 and PCNA in the abdominal aorta. Results All the parameters in SHR observed in the present study increased significantly compared to Wistar Kyoto rats （P 〈0.01 ）. With intervention with catestatin, the systolic blood pressure decreased slightly but it was not significantly different from the SHR control, the cardiac mass index and left ventricular mass index both decreased significantly, the collagen volume fraction decreased by nearly 30% in the heart, by 25% in vessels and by 10% in the kidney, and the intima-media thickness and expression of proliferative genes, including cyclin A, ki67 and PCNA, in the abdominal aorta also decreased significantly. Conclusions The present study indicated that catestatin could ameliorate proliferating changes of heart, kidney and vessels during hypertension, especially to the deposition of interstitial collagen. Blood pressure was not the main factor to mediate this effect, which suggested that catestatin could become a novel protective factor for hypertensive target organs.

Non-target Screening and Quantitation of Organic Chlorides in Oilfield Chemicals with Comprehensive Two Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled with Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals.The target screening was initially carried out on 8 suspected organic chlorides by evaluating the capability of the enhanced separation and reliable identification at a trace concentration. GC×GC-TOFMS allowed for the fast and automated analysis of organic chlorides at a level of 200 μg/L. This method was subsequently applied for non-target screening of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals at various locations across China. 22 organic chlorides were identified and verified by comparison with pure standards in the mixed sample. Finally, this method was used to determine the content of the organic chlorides in individual samples. The result showed that the organic chloride levels in 19 of the 39 tested oilfield chemicals were above the threshold limit of 1.0 mg/L.

AccuLearning自动勾画临床靶区和危及器官用于宫颈癌术后放疗的可行性研究

目的从几何学和剂量学探讨AccuLearning(AL)建立宫颈癌术后临床靶区(CTV)和危及器官(OARs)自动勾画模型应用于临床的可行性。方法选取75例宫颈癌术后手动勾画CT数据,60例应用AL训练生成自动勾画模型,并对剩余15例进行自动勾画,同时将自动勾画图像上的放疗计划导入到手动勾画结构上,比较两种勾画方式的效率、戴斯相似系数(DSC)、豪斯多夫距离(HD)和剂量学差异。结果自动勾画时间明显小于手动勾画(P<0.05);各结构DSC值≥0.87;肠袋和直肠的HD值在10 mm左右,其余结构小于5 mm;剂量学评估CTV(D98、V90%、V95%、Dmean、HI)、肠袋(V50)和膀胱(V50)有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论基于AL形成的宫颈癌术后自动勾画模型提高了放疗效率,OARs具有直接应用于临床的可能性,CTV仍需进一步修改。

经典藏药如意珍宝片多次给药的靶器官-脑组织的成分探究

目的:探讨经典藏药如意珍宝片多次给药后,其靶器官脑组织的活性成分,分析其可能的作用特点。方法:6只斯泼累格·多雷(SD)雄性大鼠分为对照组和观察组2组,连续给药7 d,在最后一次给药后1 h处死动物,取血浆和脑组织,分析入血成分,并对潜在入脑成分进行检测和验证。结果:采用Full mass/dd-MSMS模式,以目标峰的一级谱图的分子量的组成及二级质谱图的分子离子峰进行定性分析;并依据入血成分作为潜在入脑成分,将其输入到包含列表内,进行样品检测。结合数据库mzcloud和ChemSpider的结果,对潜在入脑成分进行搜索,根据保留时间、一级质量数和二级质谱数据,共发现了13个入脑成分,其中大豆苷、胆酸、紫苜蓿酮、3′-O-methylviolanone、胡椒碱已用标准品验证。色氨酸、茴香脑、异木香酸和腺苷已通过mzCloud数据库进行二级碎片信息比对。结论:如意珍宝片中的降香、荜茇、甘草膏、肉桂、木香、黄葵子、牛黄、红花等药物的有效成分能够进入靶器官脑组织中,发挥其疗效作用。

口服敌草快和百草枯中毒患者靶器官损害情况分析

目的 分析敌草快和百草枯中毒患者的靶器官损害特点,为进一步提高临床救治水平提供科学依据。方法 回顾性收集88例单纯经口服敌草快中毒患者(敌草快组)和80例百草枯中毒患者(百草枯组)的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、中毒剂量、中毒到入院时间、中毒催吐导泻情况、中毒到洗胃时间、临床表现、中毒到第一次血液灌流时间、血液灌流次数、住院天数、肝肾功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、肌酐(Cr)]、凝血功能[凝血酶原时间(PT)]、白细胞计数(WBC)、肺损伤指标[氧合指数(PO2/FiO2)]、心肌损伤指标[肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)]、血乳酸(Lac)、pH值及最终预后等指标。比较敌草快组和百草枯组患者的临床资料差异及不同中毒剂量死亡率与存活率及总体存活率;比较敌草快组和百草枯组死亡患者靶器官功能受损情况;比较死亡患者与存活患者敌草快和和百草枯的中毒剂量。结果 敌草快组年龄最大73岁,最小15岁;百草枯组年龄最大59岁,最小14岁;敌草快组男性34例(38.64%),女性54例(61.36%);百草枯组男37例(46.25%),女43例(53.75%);两组中毒后均以咽喉部疼痛、恶心、呕吐、上腹疼痛为主要临床表现,少部分中毒剂量少的患者可没有任何症状;百草枯组中毒剂量>50 ml的患者出现胸闷气促症状,敌草快组中毒剂量>50 ml的患者出现意识烦躁、嗜睡、谵妄甚至抽搐、昏迷等症状。两组性别、平均年龄、平均中毒剂量、平均中毒到入院时间、中毒催吐导泻率、平均中毒到洗胃时间、平均中毒到第一次血液灌流时间、平均血液灌流次数比较无明显差异(P>0.05);敌草快组的平均住院天数(4.86±1.81)d明显短于百草枯组的(7.85±1.13)d(P<0.05)。中毒剂量21~50 ml和51~100 ml时,敌草快组存活率均高于百草枯组(P<0.05);敌草快组总体存活率78.41%明显高于百草枯组的37.50%(P<0.05)。入院后第3天,敌草快组死亡患者ALT(109.26±63.88)U/L、TBIL(40.29±10.39)μmol/L、PT(12.24±1.56)s、Lac(1.54±1.09)mmol/L及WBC(13.24±3.43)×109/L均低于百草枯组死亡患者的(327.12±127.86)U/L、(68.38±48.55)μmol/L、(17.39±2.73)s、(4.53±1.54)mmol/L、(23.32±4.56)×109/L,Cr(308.44±156.87)μmol/L、PO2/FiO2(207.32±76.10)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、CK(456.56±101.39)U/L、CK-MB(63.29±21.39)U/L、cTnI(11.56±1.31)ng/ml均高于百草枯组死亡患者的(201.93±87.01)μmol/L、(153.25±64.25)mm Hg、(50.29±21.39)U/L、(47.21±12.22)U/L、(4.29±4.21)ng/ml(P<0.05)。死亡患者敌草快和百草枯中毒剂量均明显高于存活患者(P<0.05);死亡患者敌草快中毒剂量大于百草枯(P<0.05);存活患者敌草快和百草枯中毒剂量无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 敌草快和百草枯中毒患者的年龄以40岁以下中青年女性多见,所有口服中毒患者均出现咽痛、恶心、呕吐等消化道症状;敌草快口服中毒剂量大者会出现意识改变,包括烦躁、嗜睡、抽搐、昏迷等,而百草枯中毒剂量大者会出现胸闷气促等症状;服用同等剂量除草剂,敌草快存活率高于百草枯;敌草快以肾、心肌及神经系统损伤最为显著,且与患者预后密切相关;百草枯中毒以肺、肝和肾脏损伤为主;敌草快中毒患者总体死亡率低于百草枯中毒死亡率。

涡旋膨胀机研究进展及展望

随着“双碳”目标的提出,涡旋膨胀机作为回收低品位能量的机械装置备受关注。首先,对近年来涡旋膨胀机的理论研究成果进行了综述,主要包括型线理论、热动力学和计算流体力学(CFD)仿真。然后,对涡旋膨胀机在有机朗肯循环(ORC)中的应用进行了总结,梳理了涡旋膨胀机在跨临界CO_(2)制冷循环中的应用研究成果。最后,对涡旋膨胀机未来的研究方向进行了展望。结果表明:变壁厚涡旋膨胀机因其可以在不增加泄漏线长度的情况下增加内容积比,因此将成为未来型线优化的主要方向;CFD仿真已成为重要的研究工具;润滑油是影响涡旋膨胀机性能的关键因素,提高润滑油的黏度有利于提升效率,而过量的润滑油则会使其性能下降;工作压力是影响涡旋膨胀机性能的最主要的因素,过膨胀、欠膨胀以及泄漏现象都会使其性能下降。此外,涡旋膨胀压缩一体机集成了膨胀机和压缩机两个功能单元于一个机壳中,显著简化了系统结构并提高了能量回收效率,是提升新能源车用CO_(2)热泵空调系统性能的有效途径。基于当前的研究成果和行业需求,提出涡旋膨胀机未来应继续深入研究和优化型线设计、减少泄漏、优化工作压力等,以满足日益增长的能量回收和环境保护需求。

心电向量图诊断高血压早期心脏靶器官损害的临床应用及影响因素

目的探讨心电向量图(vectorcardiogram,VCG)对高血压心脏电活动异常的诊断价值,并分析早期心脏靶器官损害的影响因素。方法选取昆明市中医医院心血管病科2022年1月至2023年2月的高血压病住院患者80例,经超声心动图(ultrasound cardiogram,UCG)排外心脏结构异常。比较心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)与VCG对异常心室除极与复极指标的检出情况。按心电向量检查结果将80例病例分为正常组(n=40)与异常组(n=40),比较2组早期心脏损害的相关影响因素指标,将差异有统计学意义的因素做二元Logistic回归分析,筛选出早期心脏损害的独立影响因素。结果VCG检出异常心室复极指标较ECG有优势(P<0.05),二者对异常除极指标的检出差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常组与异常组比较,在年龄、规律服药、家族史、糖尿病、24 h平均收缩压(24 h average systolic blood pressure,24 h SBP)、白昼平均收缩压(daytime average systolic blood pressure,DSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(night average systolic blood pressure,NSBP)、血压负荷值、清晨血压、脉压差等指标上,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,年龄[OR(95%CI)=0.891,0.998]、夜间平均收缩压[OR(95%CI)=1.018,2.10]、家族史[OR(95%CI)=0.029,0.499]、糖尿病[OR(95%CI)=0.042,0.916]是高血压早期心脏损害的独立影响因素。结论VCG为高血压早期心脏靶器官损害的有效检测手段。

基于危险因素构建列线图评估高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者靶器官损害风险

目的基于危险因素构建列线图,评估高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者靶器官损害风险。方法回顾性分析2022年3月-2024年3月于呼和浩特市第一医院住院治疗的158例高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者临床资料,依据是否并发靶器官损害分为发生组、未发生组。单因素、多因素logistic回归分析法明确影响高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者靶器官损害的危险因素,据此构建高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者靶器官损害风险列线图模型,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)验证预测模型的效能。结果高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者的靶器官损害以急性左心衰竭、不稳定性心绞痛为主。发生组年龄≥60岁比例及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、白介素-6(IL-6)、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均高于未发生组[59.38%比31.75%、(27.52±5.68)μmol/L比(19.50±3.52)μmol/L、(48.50±3.78)ng/L比(38.95±3.27)ng/L、(30.33±4.92)ng/L比(20.02±1.55)ng/L、(59.82±10.15)ng/L比(48.55±7.52)ng/L,P<0.05];IL-10水平低于未发生组[(665.25±52.60)ng/L比(825.25±74.46)ng/L,P<0.05]。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁(OR=1.829,P<0.05)、Hcy(OR=1.874,P<0.05)、IL-6(OR=1.990,P<0.05)、IL-8(OR=1.866,P<0.05)、TNF-α(OR=1.794,P<0.05)、IL-10(OR=1.874,P<0.05)是影响高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者靶器官损害的危险因素。基于年龄、Hcy、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-10构建高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者靶器官损害风险列线图模型,结果显示,实测值与预测值结果基本一致,C-index指数为0.889(95%CI 0.728~0.942)。结论年龄、Hcy、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IL-10是影响高血压伴不明原因低钾血症患者靶器官损害的危险因素,据此构建的列线图模型预测效能良好。

基于全二维气相色谱−飞行时间质谱技术对上海农田土壤中有机污染物的高通量筛查

为探究路边农田土壤中未知有机物赋存情况,利用全二维气相色谱−飞行时间质谱技术对上海不同道路等级路边农田土壤(n=8)中的有机物进行了非靶向定性筛查.通过空白过滤和谱库匹配(相似度大于700),在所有样品中均检出了1000多个质谱峰,其中,与谱库保留指数偏差在±2%以内的物质数有275~341种.所有采样点共同检出的有机物有66种,信噪比较高的前10种物质主要是多环芳烃类、邻苯二甲酸酯类、苯酚类、噻吩类和四氯乙烷类.费雪比值(Fisher ratio,FR)法分析揭示出具有明显道路等级差异的化合物有29种(FR为22.6~60.3),而这些化合物主要来自化工产品、生物医药和个人护理品等产品,推断其差异主要受控于邻近区域工业活动、污水灌溉和居民生活源排放的影响.元素组成分析表明,在所有采样点中有机物组成主要以CHO和CH为主,峰面积占比分别为39.9%~59.1%和30.2%~45.8%.对人为源有机物进一步地分类分析,发现烷烃、多环芳烃和邻苯二甲酸酯类是上海路边农田土壤中含量较高的3类污染物,表明汽油柴油燃烧、轮胎磨损、润滑油挥发泄漏等交通源排放对路边农田土质的影响不容忽视.总的来说,全二维技术能够准确地定性筛查出农田土壤中大量未关注的有机污染物,为今后污染管控和治理提供了科学依据.

基于血清学指标构建H型高血压患者MACE发生风险预测模型

目的探讨H型高血压患者不良心血管事件(MACE)发生的危险因素,并构建H型高血压患者MACE发生风险预测模型。方法选取2019年1月至2022年11月该院收治的375例H型高血压患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生MACE分为MACE组(41例)和非MACE组(334例)。收集两组临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析H型高血压患者发生MACE的危险因素。构建H型高血压患者MACE发生风险的列线图预测模型,以C-index量化模型预测性能,并绘制校准曲线评价列线图预测模型的校准度及鉴别效度,绘制决策曲线分析列线图预测模型的临床净受益。结果MACE组高血压病程、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、尿酸(UA)、Toll样受体(TLR4)水平及靶器官损害数目>2个的患者比例、高血压分级为3级的患者比例、入院当日收缩压(SBP)、入院当日舒张压(DBP)、夜间平均SBP、夜间平均DBP均高于非MACE组,高分子量脂联素(HMW-ADP)水平低于非MACE组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,夜间平均SBP、Hcy、TLR4水平升高及HMW-ADP水平降低均是H型高血压患者发生MACE的危险因素(P<0.05)。列线图预测模型预测H型高血压患者MACE发生风险的C-index为0.821(95%CI:0.712~0.896)。决策曲线分析结果显示,当列线图预测模型预测值为0.75~0.80时,可提供附加临床获益。结论基于Hcy、TLR4、HMW-ADP、夜间平均SBP构建H型高血压患者MACE发生风险的列线图预测模型具有良好预测效果,适合在临床工作中推广应用。

改善胰岛素抵抗类中药治疗机制研究进展

大多数2型糖尿病患者会出现胰岛素抵抗,中药具有多成分、多靶点、多通路、多生物途径综合作用的特点,能通过多种机制改善胰岛素抵抗,且无不良反应,但是机制研究不够深入。文章以胰岛素抵抗的发病机制以及中药改善胰岛素抵抗的作用机制为切入点,对近10年具有改善胰岛素抵抗作用的中药[包括单味中药、活性成分、复方(CCTM)]作用机制进行综述,发现胰岛素抵抗的发病机制涉及到因各种因素导致的胰岛素信号通路异常,在骨骼肌、肝脏、脂肪中主要与炎症、氧化应激引起的代谢紊乱有关,IRS-1/PI3K/Akt是以上途径的经典通路。无论中药单味药、中药有效成分、中药复方都能改善胰岛素抵抗,现有实验研究的治疗机制与改善胰岛素抵抗的经典发病机制有关,中药单味药、中药的有效成分研究是中药改善胰岛素抵抗的基础,随着研究的深入,未来中药复方在改善胰岛素抵抗的治疗方面有很大的潜力。

冬虫夏草及其近缘品中铅、镉、砷污染评价及人体健康累积风险评估方法探索

目的:对冬虫夏草及其近缘品中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)的残留量进行测定,探索符合冬虫夏草及相关产品使用特点的污染评价及人体健康风险评估方法。方法:基于冬虫夏草及其近缘品中Pb、Cd、As的残留量监测数据,综合运用单因子污染指数法、尼梅罗综合指数法、金属污染指数法对冬虫夏草及其近缘品进行重金属污染评价,计算重金属日暴露量,分别采用危害指数法和更加精确的靶器官毒性剂量法对Pb、Cd、As联合暴露产生的健康风险进行累积风险评估。结果:污染评价结果说明,冬虫夏草及其近缘品中As的污染应引起关注,不同品种污染程度为冬虫夏草(繁育品)=蛹虫草<冬虫夏草(野生品)<香棒虫草<亚香棒虫草;人体健康风险评估结果表明,对于心血管和神经系统,1批冬虫夏草(野生品)全草中Pb、Cd、As联合暴露产生的累积健康风险需被进一步关注。结论:冬虫夏草及其近缘品重金属污染评价,以及人体健康风险评估方法,可为中药安全性评价及相关限量标准的制修订提供参考。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF/MS整合网络药理学探讨平肝益肾方治疗自发性高血压大鼠靶器官损害的效应机制

目的 探究平肝益肾方治疗自发性高血压大鼠靶器官损害的效应机制。方法 使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)测定平肝益肾方的化学成分,结合网络药理学方法对平肝益肾方的化学成分进行靶标分析、功能富集,预测平肝益肾方治疗高血压及其靶器官损害的潜在作用机制。将自发性高血压大鼠随机分为模型组、平肝益肾方低剂量组(2 g·kg^(-1))、平肝益肾方高剂量组(5 g·kg^(-1))和缬沙坦组(7.2 mg·kg^-1)),每组6只。Wistar-Kyoto大鼠作为对照组,对照组和模型组大鼠灌胃生理盐水,连续灌胃8周。采用HE和Masson染色,观察大鼠心脏和胸主动脉的病理学损伤和纤维化程度。采用免疫组织化学染色和Western blot检测大鼠心脏、肝脏和肾脏中EGFR的表达水平。采用免疫荧光染色检测大鼠心脏、肝脏和肾脏中EGFR和EEA1共定位情况。结果 通过UPLC-Q-TOF/MS检测出平肝益肾方中的26种化学成分。网络药理学揭示EGFR、PIK3R1和EP300等可能是平肝益肾方治疗高血压及其靶器官损害的关键治疗靶点,平肝益肾方治疗高血压及其靶器官损害可能与EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药性、血脂与动脉粥样硬化和HIF-1信号通路等密切相关。平肝益肾方高剂量组可显著降低大鼠的收缩压和平均动脉压(P<0.05,P<0.01),减轻心脏和胸主动脉的病理学损伤和纤维化程度(P<0.01,P<0.001),显著降低大鼠肝脏和肾脏中EGFR的表达水平(P<0.01),改善肝脏与肾脏的纤维化,显著降低肾脏中EGFR和EEA1的共定位水平(P<0.001),调节EGFR在早期内体的堆积,改善肾脏的纤维化。结论 整合UPLC-Q-TOF/MS、网络药理学和自发性高血压大鼠模型初步探索平肝益肾方治疗高血压及其靶器官损害的效应机制,为平肝益肾方治疗高血压进一步的机制研究和临床应用提供科学依据。