Influence of Ti target current on microstructure and properties of Ti-doped graphite-like carbon films

Ti-doped graphite-like carbon （Ti-GLC） films were synthesized successfully by magnetron sputtering technique. The compositions, microstructures and properties of the Ti-doped GLC films dependent on the parameter of Ti target current were systemically investigated by Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, nanoindentation and ball-on-disk tribometer. With the increase of the Ti target current, the ratio of sp2 bond and the content of Ti as well as the film hardness and compressive internal stress increase, but the high content of the Ti would result in the loose film due to the formation of the squamose structure. Less incorporated Ti reduces the friction of the GLC film in dry-sliding condition, while pure GLC film exhibits the lowest friction coefficient in water-lubricated condition. Ti-GLC film deposited with low Ti target current shows high wear resistance in both dry-sliding and water-lubricated conditions.

A Fuzzy Adaptive Algorithm Based on“Current”Statistical Model for Maneuvering Target Tracking

The basic"current"statistical model and adaptive Kalman filter algorithm can not track a weakly maneuvering target precisely,though it has good estimate accuracy for strongly maneuvering target.In order to solve this problem,a novel nonlinear fuzzy membership function was presented to adjust the upper and lower limit of target acceleration adaptively,and then the validity of the new algorithm for feeblish maneuvering target was proved in theory.At last,the computer simulation experiments indicated that the new algorithm has a great advantage over the basic"current"statistical model and adaptive algorithm.

The Effect of Ion Current Density on Target Etching in Radio Frequency-Magnetron Sputtering Process

The effect of ion current density of argon plasma on target sputtering in magnetron sputtering process was investigated. Using home-made ion probe with computer-based data acquisition system, the ion current density as functions of discharge power, gas pressure and positions was measured. A double-hump shape was found in ion current density curve after the analysis of the effects of power and pressure. The data demonstrate that ion current density increases with the increase in gas pressure in spite of slightly at the double-hump site, sharply at wave-trough and side positions. Simultaneously, the ion current density increases upon increase in power. Es- pecially, the ion current density steeply increases at the double-hump site. The highest energy of the secondary electrons arising from Larmor precession was found at the double-hump position, which results in high ion density. The target was etched seriously at the double-hump position due to the high ion density there. The data indicates that the increase in power can lead to a high sputtering speed rate.

Fabrication and Characterization of VO_2 Thin Films by Direct Current Facing Targets Magnetron Sputtering and Low Temperature Oxidation

Low valence vanadium oxide(VO2-x) thin films were prepared on SiO2/Si substrates at room temperature by direct current facing targets reactive magnetron sputtering, and then proc- essed through rapid thermal annealing. The effects of the annealing on the structure and phase transition property of VO2 were discussed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction tech- nique and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to study the phase composition and structure of the thin films. The resistance-temperature property was measured. The results show that VO2 thin film is obtained after annealed at 320 ℃ for 3 h, its phase transition tempera- ture is 56 ℃, and the resistance changes by more than 2 orders. The vanadium oxide thin films are applicable in thermochromic smart windows, and the deposition and annealing process is compatible with micro electromechanical system process.

Consequences of hepatic damage after traumatic brain injury: current outlook and potential therapeutic targets

Traumatic brain injury（TBI）triggers liver inflammation：TBI is a serious pathology affecting around 10 million people annually,being a persistent public health and medical problem Forceful impact while playing sports,falls,physical assault,or traffic accidents are common causes of head injury.

Hierarchical interacting multiple model algorithm based on improved current model

Interacting multiple models is the hotspot in the research of maneuvering target models at present. A hierarchical idea is introduced into IMM algorithm. The method is that the whole models are organized as two levels to co-work, and each cell model is an improved ＂current＂ statistical model. In the improved model, a kind of nonlinear fuzzy membership function is presented to get over the limitation of original model, which can not track weak maneuvering target precisely. At last, simulation experiments prove the efficient of the novel algorithm compared to interacting multiple model and hierarchical interacting multiple model based original ＂current＂ statistical model in tracking precision.

Adaptive Maneuvering Frequency Method of Current Statistical Model

Current statistical model(CSM) has a good performance in maneuvering target tracking. However, the fixed maneuvering frequency will deteriorate the tracking results, such as a serious dynamic delay, a slowly converging speedy and a limited precision when using Kalman filter(KF) algorithm. In this study, a new current statistical model and a new Kalman filter are proposed to improve the performance of maneuvering target tracking. The new model which employs innovation dominated subjection function to adaptively adjust maneuvering frequency has a better performance in step maneuvering target tracking, while a fluctuant phenomenon appears. As far as this problem is concerned, a new adaptive fading Kalman filter is proposed as well. In the new Kalman filter, the prediction values are amended in time by setting judgment and amendment rules,so that tracking precision and fluctuant phenomenon of the new current statistical model are improved. The results of simulation indicate the effectiveness of the new algorithm and the practical guiding significance.

中国石油陆上中-高成熟度页岩油勘探现状、进展与未来思考

中国石油天然气集团公司(简称中国石油)矿权区陆相页岩油地质资源丰富,“十三五”资源评价,中国石油陆上中-高熟页岩油(简称页岩油)地质资源量201×108t,占中国页岩油地质资源总量的71%。鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段、松辽盆地青山口组和准噶尔盆地芦草沟组等重点层系的产量显著增长,中国石油页岩油年产量从2010年的2.5×10^(4)t增至2023年的391.6×10^(4)t,勘探潜力巨大。研究表明:近年来由于陆相不同类型页岩油具有地质特征非均质性强、富集高产因素明显差异的特点,其效益勘探存在地质认识与勘探技术的双重挑战。特别是:(1)夹层型页岩油虽在鄂尔多斯盆地长71+2亚段(延长组7段1+2亚段)实现规模勘探,但勘探靶体钻遇率变化大,深湖区细粒沉积体系研究薄弱,靶体空间展布刻画技术的准确性仍需提升;(2)混积型页岩油地层垂向厚度大、岩性频繁变化、发育多套地质甜点,在柴达木盆地、渤海湾盆地虽然实现了勘探突破,但垂向地质甜点产量差异明显,页岩油高产主控因素不清,主力靶体评价优选技术、方法仍需完善;(3)页岩型页岩油在松辽盆地青山口组实现了古龙页岩油勘探突破,但陆相湖盆不同类型页岩生、排烃差异明显,页岩原位滞留烃特征变化大,地质-工程一体化靶体评价技术、方法仍需深化研究。总体上中国石油页岩油勘探开发仍处于快速推进阶段,未来应:(1)加强淡水湖盆深湖区多类型砂体成因机制研究,实现薄层浊积砂体等夹层型页岩油效益勘探;(2)加强咸化湖盆富碳酸盐混积型页岩油源-储组合评价,优选主体靶体实现混积型页岩油高效勘探;(3)加强淡水、咸化湖盆优质源岩生、排烃差异性评价,优选最佳靶体,实现不同湖盆页岩型页岩油地质-工程一体化精细勘探。

Current Situations of Agricultural Sci-tech Innovation and Development Path in Nantong

Nantong is a typical region of large population and little land.The conflict between resources and environment is growing.Thus,the improvement of independent innovation ability based on current situations,oriented towards the future and relying on scientific and technological force directly decides the effect of strong economic city construction.Through analysis on achievements of agricultural sci-tech innovation works,existing problems and demand for developing modern agriculture in Nantong,we present development ideas,target orientation and basic principles of agricultural sci-tech innovation works in Nantong,and put forward eight paths.

The application of limiter target electrostatic measurement system in J-TEXT tokamak

The limiter target electrostatic measurement system including limiter grounding current sensors and Langmuir probes have been newly developed for the measurement of the limiter target area on the Joint-Texas Experimental tokamak (J-TEXT). Current sensors fixed between graphite limiters and the vacuum vessel walls are used to measure the currents between limiters and vessel wall. Simultaneously, a rectangular poloidal array containing 54 Langmuir probes is embedded in the graphite tiles of limiters for a more localized measurement. Based on this system, the effect of both the plasma’s inherent behavior, including plasma motion and the 2/1 tearing mode, and the electrode biasing on probe and sensor signals have been observed and analyzed in the experiments.

基于性能的通航桥梁抗船撞评估方法及应用研究

为合理有效地开展通航桥梁抗船撞性能评估,提出基于性能的桥梁抗船撞标准化评估方法。基于现行《公路桥梁抗撞设计规范》(JTG/T 3360-02-2020),从抗撞性能等级确定、设防代表船型确定、船撞力计算、船撞效应计算以及抗撞性能验算等方面,采用结构性能目标作为评估准则,建立桥梁抗撞性能评估各环节流程的标准化评估方法。以江苏扬中三桥为应用实例,运用该方法进行该桥20号墩抗撞性能评估,结果表明:20号墩桩基顺桥向抗弯性能不满足JX1级要求,其余验算结果满足要求,桥墩抗撞性能综合评估结果为不满足要求。参照评估结果该桥加装了浮动式防撞设施。桥梁抗撞性能评估标准化,可准确高效实现桥梁抗撞性能等级确定、船撞效应计算、抗撞性能验算等预期的评估功能要求。

磁控溅射制备锌镍合金薄膜的结构及耐蚀性能研究

为提高飞机结构件的耐蚀性能,采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术在18Cr3Ni结构钢表面制备了锌镍合金薄膜,考察了锌靶和镍靶电流对薄膜表面形貌、微观结构和耐蚀性能的影响。分别采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和纳米压痕仪对薄膜的微观形貌、晶相结构和力学性能进行了分析。对薄膜的电化学特性和耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能进行了研究,并对腐蚀产物进行了分析。结果表明:采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术制备的锌镍合金薄膜具有致密的结构,薄膜中的镍起到了细化晶粒的作用,但随着镍含量的增加,薄膜的耐蚀性能下降。镍含量为7.63%(原子分数,下同)的锌镍合金薄膜具有最好的耐蚀性能,但其力学性能较差;镍含量为12.88%的锌镍合金薄膜具有良好的耐蚀性能和力学性能。薄膜经过中性盐雾试验后的腐蚀产物Zn_(5)(OH)_(8)Cl_(2)·H_(2)O起到了钝化作用,阻止了薄膜和基底被进一步腐蚀。采用磁控溅射制备的锌镍合金薄膜可用于精密结构件表面的腐蚀防护。

一种小尺寸轫致辐射转换靶设计

以减小直线感应加速器X射线光源横向尺寸为目标,开展轫致辐射转换靶的设计。对聚焦打靶过程中电子束运动轨迹进行分析,指出同一个电子束轨迹分布,既可以描述为电子束在某纵向位置处具有一定的横向展宽,也可以描述为电子束保持较小横向尺寸时的轴向分布展宽,由此提出在束腰附近放置多个小靶片实现聚焦电子束有效阻挡的小尺寸多层靶概念设计。采用EGS4程序对X射线产额进行计算,发现靶厚度在一定范围内改变时X射线产额变化较小,基于这一规律完成了小尺寸多层靶的结构设计。进一步考察了一个设计应用实例,当聚焦电子束最小包络直径3 mm、会聚角100 mrad时,对比大尺寸靶,采用小尺寸多层靶可以获得等效直径减小约50%、产额减小约10%的X射线光源。该设计方法有望在相同的电子束品质和聚焦条件下,获得横向尺寸小于电子束最小束包络直径的X射线光源,具有一定的应用价值。

老年结肠癌患者出院后口服抗肿瘤靶向药的依从性现状及影响因素

目的 分析老年结肠癌患者出院后口服抗肿瘤靶向药的药物依从性现状及影响因素。方法 选取哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院2022年2月—2023年2月收治的老年结肠癌患者110例,患者均接受出院后的口服抗肿瘤靶向药物治疗,采用Morisky服药依从性调查问卷评估服药依从性,对影响服药依从性的因素进行统计学分析。结果 依从性好者34例(依从性好组),依从性差者76例(依从性差组)。单因素分析显示:依从性差组在缺少社会支持、口服靶向药物治疗不良反应、不良心理反应、经济条件差、缺乏口服靶向药物治疗知识的占比明显高于依从性好组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示:有口服靶向药物治疗不良反应、有不良心理反应、经济条件差、缺乏口服靶向药物治疗知识是影响老年结肠癌患者口服靶向药服药依从性的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年结肠癌患者出院后口服抗肿瘤靶向药的服药依从性处于中等阶段,临床医护人员在临床工作中需进一步加强对患者的健康教育以提高其用药方面的意识,增强与患者及其家属之间的沟通以改善消极情绪及心理,在根本上达到提高患者服药依从性的目的。

基于PMU的特高压直流输电系统孤岛运行控制方法

受特高压(Ultra-High Voltage,UHV)直流输电系统自身运行特点的影响,孤岛运行阶段的环流难以实现快速维稳,提出基于电源管理单元(Power Management Unit,PMU)的特高压直流输电系统孤岛运行控制方法。考虑输出电压的角度会受电压源换流器(Voltage Sourced Converters,VSC)的影响发生瞬时改变,提出有功-相角下垂控制方法,逆变器通过微型PMU的同步信号,确定派克变换的参考坐标系,将特高压直流输电系统孤岛运行阶段的目标维持频率作为控制基准。以调整特高压直流输电系统中所有分布式发电装置(Distributed Generation,DG)的相角参考值处于一致状态为导向,结合微型PMU测得的公共母线电压相角参数,控制有功补偿量。在测试结果中,环流达到0值后出现的偏离情况程度稳定在10.0 VA以内,并在测试后的0.8 s内达到0稳态。

基于零序电流近似熵的配电网故障定位研究

针对10 kV配电网线路发生单相接地故障时产生的暂态零序电流,提出了一种近似熵算法,对接地故障区间进行定位。首先,设计暂态零序电流的近似熵值计算方法,求取线路中各相邻测点熵值之比;其次,设计各区段故障临界值判定方法,由此比较该值与比值来锁定故障发生位置;最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink对正常以及暂态过程进行仿真,从仿真模型角度佐证了该方法对于配电网单相接地故障的可行性并搭建硬件实物平台实现其故障定位的功能。

双靶点经颅直流电刺激调控短时和持续性疼痛:一项双盲、随机对照研究

当前经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)的镇痛效果不佳且存在较大的个体差异,可能与疼痛神经网络的复杂性及当前tDCS调控靶点单一有关。为提高tDCS缓解疼痛的效果,本研究使用双盲、随机对照的实验设计,采用双靶点tDCS技术,对背外侧前额叶皮层(dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,DLPFC)和初级运动皮层(primary motor cortex,M1)进行同步刺激,通过调节DLPFC和M1所属不同的疼痛传导通路,探究双靶点tDCS的镇痛效果及优势。结果表明,与假刺激对照组相比,双靶点tDCS组对中等强度短时热痛、辣椒素诱发的持续性疼痛以及压痛阈限具有显著的调控效应,且调控效应优于单靶点tDCS组。同时,双靶点tDCS的镇痛效应与被试的疼痛恐惧特质显著相关,即被试疼痛恐惧量表评分越高,镇痛效果越好。综上,本研究揭示了双靶点tDCS对短时热痛和持续性疼痛的稳定镇痛效果,支持了疼痛神经网络的并行处理理论,也为双靶点tDCS在疼痛治疗中的潜在应用提供了科学依据。

静电放电电流波形校准装置的研制与分析

根据IEC61000-4-2的要求,研制了2种不同结构形式的静电放电电流波形校准装置,对SchaffnerNSG438和KeyTek MZ-15/EC型静电放电枪的电流波形进行了校准测试.经在不同电压等级和电压极性下的多次测试发现:其中一种校准装置测得的静电放电电流波形与出厂结果相吻合,即该校准装置的设计是成功的.通过试验对比和定量分析发现,校准装置的分布参数对静电放电电流波形的上升沿有显著影响.对于静电放电电流波形校准装置,仅满足标准规定的电压驻波比指标是不够的,必须对分布参数的影响予以高度重视.

多弧离子镀TiN薄膜颜色性能的研究

用多弧离子镀技术在3Cr13不锈钢表面沉积TiN薄膜,用扫描电子显微镜和可见光分光光度计研究了大颗粒、氮气流量与靶电流对膜层颜色性能的影响及其作用规律。结果表明,大颗粒由表面结晶层、中间层和液滴层组成,大颗粒数量较少时不会影响薄膜的颜色性能。增加氮气流量,样品的反射率呈下降趋势,颜色坐标红/绿值a*和黄/蓝值b*增大,明度L*减小,彩度指数C*ab增大,色调角H*ab减小,薄膜颜色由银灰色逐渐变化为深黄色;然而,随着靶电流的增大,色调角H*ab增大,彩度指数C*ab、红/绿值a*和黄/蓝值b*减小,薄膜颜色从深黄色逐渐变为银白色。靶电流的变化改变了膜层中钛和氮的原子比,可对氮气流量的变化起到补偿作用。

基于当前统计模型的机动目标自适应跟踪算法

当前统计模型及其自适应卡尔曼滤波算法对强机动目标具有很好的跟踪效果,但当机动目标为弱机动和非机动时算法跟踪性能较差。针对这一问题,提出了采用铃形函数作为模糊隶属函数对模型中加速度极值进行修正的自适应滤波算法,调整加速度稳定时的系统过程噪声方差,提高算法的跟踪精度。同时,借鉴强跟踪滤波算法的渐消自适应滤波因子思想,针对加速度突变的情况引入渐消因子对修正的加速度极值进行调节,提高算法在加速度突变情况下的跟踪速度。仿真实验结果表明,算法对弱机动目标和非机动目标的跟踪具有良好的效果。