Efficacy and safety of propofol target-controlled infusion combined with butorphanol for sedated colonoscopy

BACKGROUND Propofol is a short-acting,rapid-recovering anesthetic widely used in sedated colonoscopy for the early detection,diagnosis and treatment of colon diseases.However,the use of propofol alone may require high doses to achieve the induction of anesthesia in sedated colonoscopy,which has been associated with anesthesia-related adverse events(AEs),including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,and hypotension.Therefore,propofol co-administrated with other anesthetics has been proposed to reduce the required dose of propofol,enhance the efficacy,and improve the satisfaction of patients receiving colonoscopy under sedation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI)in combination with butorphanol for sedation during colonoscopy.METHODS In this controlled clinical trial,a total of 106 patients,who were scheduled for sedated colonoscopy,were prospectively recruited and assigned into three groups to receive different doses of butorphanol before propofol TCI:Low-dose butorphanol group(5μg/kg,group B1),high-dose butorphanol group(10μg/kg,group B2),and control group(normal saline,group C).Anesthesia was achieved by propofol TCI.The primary outcome was the median effective concentration(EC50)of propofol TCI,which was measured using the up-and-down sequential method.The secondary outcomes included AEs in perianesthesia and recovery characteristics.RESULTS The EC50 of propofol for TCI was 3.03μg/mL[95%confidence interval(CI):2.83-3.23μg/mL]in group B2,3.41μg/mL(95%CI:3.20-3.62μg/mL)in group B1,and 4.05μg/mL(95%CI:3.78-4.34μg/mL)in group C.The amount of propofol necessary for anesthesia was 132 mg[interquartile range(IQR),125-144.75 mg]in group B2 and 142 mg(IQR,135-154 mg)in group B1.Furthermore,the awakening concentration was 1.1μg/mL(IQR,0.9-1.2μg/mL)in group B2 and 1.2μg/mL(IQR,1.025-1.5μg/mL)in group B1.Notably,the propofol TCI plus butorphanol groups(groups B1 and B2)had a lower incidence of anesthesia AEs,when compared to group C.Furthermore,no significant differences were observed in the rates of AEs in perianesthesia,including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,hypotension,nausea and vomiting,and vertigo,among group C,group B1 and group B2.CONCLUSION The combined use with butorphanol reduces the EC50 of propofol TCI for anesthesia.The decrease in propofol might contribute to the reduced anesthesia-related AEs in patients undergoing sedated colonoscopy.

Propofol Target-Controlled Infusion Modeling in Rabbits:Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis

This study aimed to establish a new propofol target-controlled infusion（TCI） model in animals so as to study the general anesthetic mechanism at multi-levels in vivo. Twenty Japanese white rabbits were enrolled and propofol（10 mg/kg） was administrated intravenously. Artery blood samples were collected at various time points after injection, and plasma concentrations of propofol were measured. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using Win Nonlin software. Propofol TCI within the acquired parameters integrated was conducted to achieve different anesthetic depths in rabbits, monitored by narcotrend. The pharmacodynamics was analyzed using a sigmoidal inhibitory maximal effect model for narcotrend index（NI） versus effect-site concentration. The results showed the pharmacokinetics of propofol in Japanese white rabbits was best described by a two-compartment model. The target plasma concentrations of propofol required at light anesthetic depth was 9.77±0.23 μg/m L, while 12.52±0.69 μg/m L at deep anesthetic depth. NI was 76.17±4.25 at light anesthetic depth, while 27.41±5.77 at deep anesthetic depth. The effect-site elimination rate constant（ke0） was 0.263/min, and the propofol dose required to achieve a 50% decrease in the NI value from baseline was 11.19 μg/m L（95% CI, 10.25–13.67）. Our results established a new propofol TCI animal model and proved the model controlled the anesthetic depth accurately and stably in rabbits. The study provides a powerful method for exploring general anesthetic mechanisms at different anesthetic depths in vivo.

Comparison of C50 for Propofol-remifentanil Target-controlled Infusion and Bispectral Index at Loss of Consciousness and Response to Painful Stimulus in Elderly and Young Patients

Background：In this prospective randomized study,we compared the predicted blood and effect-site C50 for propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusion （TCI） and the bispectral index （BIS） values at loss of consciousness （LOC） and response to a standard noxious painful stimulus （LOS） in elderly and young patients,respectively.We hypothesized that the elderly patients will require lower target concentration of both propofol and remifentanil at above two clinical end-points.Methods：There were 80 American Society of Anesthesiologists （ASA） physical status Ⅰ Ⅱ unpremedicated patients enrolled in this study,they were divided into elderly group （age ≥65 years,n =40） and young group （aged 18-54 years,n =40）.Propofol was initially given to a predicted blood concentration of 1.2 μg/ml and thereafter increased by 0.3 μg/ml every 30 s until Observer＇s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation score was 1.The propofol level was kept constant,and remifentanil was given to provide a predict blood concentration of 2.0 ng/ml,and then increased by 0.3 ng/ml every 30 s until loss of response to a tetanic stimulus.BIS （version 3.22,BIS Quattro sensor） was also recorded.Results：In elderly group,the propofol effect-site C50 at LOC of was 1.5 （1.4-1.6） μg/ml,was significantly lower than that of young group,which was 2.2 （2.1-2.3） μg/ml,the remifentanil effect-site C50 at LOS was 3.5 （3.3-3.7） ng/ml in elderly patients,was similar with 3.7 （3.6-3.8） ng/ml in young patients.Fifty percent of patients lost consciousness at a BIS value of 57.3 （56.4-58.1）,was similar with that of young group,which was 55.2 （54.0-56.3）.Conclusion：In elderly patients,the predicted blood and effect-site concentrations of propofol at LOC were lower than that of young patients.At same sedation status,predicted blood and effect-site concentrations of remifentanil required at LOS were similar in elderly and young patients.BIS were not affected by age.Low-propofol/high-opioid may be optional TCI strategy for elderly patients.

Pharmacokinetics of sufentanil administered by target-controlled infusion in Chinese surgical patients

Background Target-controlled infusion （TCI） has been recently developed and successfully implemented in clinical practice. This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in Chinese surgical patients. Methods The pharmacokinetics of sufentanil was investigated in 12 adult patients, aged 23-76 years, scheduled for prolonged surgery under general anesthesia. Anesthetic induction was carried out with propofol, rocuronium and TCI administered sufentanil aiming for target effect-site concentration of sufentanil 4 or 6 ng/ml. Sufentanil TCI lasted for 30 minutes. Frequent arterial blood samples （1.5 ml） were drawn during and up to 24 hours after sufentanil TCI. Plasma sufentanil concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; limit of sensitivity of mass spectrometry was 5 pg/ml. The data were analyzed with the nonlinear mixed-effect model program. Results The pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil were optimally described by a three-compartment model with the following parameters： the central volume of distribution （V1） = 5.4 L, the volume of distribution at steady-state （Vdss） = 195.4 L, systemic clearance （CI1） = 1.10 L/min, and elimination half-life （t1/2 Y） = 271.8 minutes. Both age and gender affected the pharmacokinetic parameters. The rapid distribution clearance （012） was negatively correlated with patient age, and the volume of slowly equilibrating compartment （V3） was positively correlated with age. The Cl2 and the volume of rapidly equilibrating compartment （V2） were influenced by gender with male patients showing higher values of Cl2 and V2 than female patients. There was no relationship of body weight, lean body mass, plasma albumin, or target effect-site concentration of sufentanil with any of the pharmacokinetic parameters studied. Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in Chinese patients can be adequately described by a three-compartment model. Pharmacokinetics adjusted to the individual patient should improve the accuracy of TCI systems.

Relationship between depth of anesthesia and effect-site concentration of propofol during induction with the target-controlled infusion technique in elderly patients

Background There are few studies to assess whether the effect-site concentration of propofol can predict anesthetic depth during the target-controlled infusion （TCI） induction in elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between effect-site concentration of propofol and depth of anesthesia during the TCI induction in elderly patients. Methods Ninety patients （60-80 years） with an American Society of Anesthesiologists （ASA） physical status of 1-3, undergoing scheduled abdominal and thoracic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into one of three groups, Group S1, S2 and S3 （30 patients in each group）. The patients in Group S1 received propofol with a target plasma concentration of 4.0 pg/ml; patients in Group S2 received propofol with an initial target plasma concentrations of 2.0 IJg/ml that was raised to 4.0 pg/ml 3 minutes later; patients in Group S3 received an infused scheme of 3 steps; starting from a target plasma concentration of 2.0 pg/ml that was increased stepwised by 1 pg/ml until a target plasma concentration of 4.0 pg/ml was achieved, the interval between the two steps was 3 minutes. When an Observer＇s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation （OANS） score of 1 was achieved, remifentanil （effect-site concentration （Ce） of 4.0 ng/ml） and rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg were administered. Tracheal intubation was started 2 minutes after rocuronium injection. Changes of propofol Ce, blood pressure （BP）, heart rate （HR）, and bispectral index （BIS） were recorded. Results When an OAA/S score of 1 was achieved, Ce of propofol were （1.7±0.4） pg/ml, （1.9±0.3） pg/ml, （1.9±0.4） pg/ml and the BIS values were 64±5, 65±8, and 62±8 in Groups S1, S2 and S3. Before intubation, Ce of propofol was （2.8±0.2） pg/ml, （2.8±0.3） pg/ml, （2.7±0.3） pg/ml, and the BIS values were 48±7, 51±7, and 47±5 in Groups S1, S2 and S3. By linear regression analysis, a significant correlation between Ce of propofol and BIS values was found （r=-0.580, P 〈0.01）. Systolic blood pressure （SBP） before intubation was significantly lower in Group S1 than in Groups S2 and S3. SBP and HR after intubation in the three groups were significantly increased when compared with pre-intubation values, but they did not exceed baseline values Conclusions During the TCI induction, Ce of propofol with （1.9±0.3） pg/ml may make the elderly patients unconscious. When remifentanil with a Ce of 4.0 ng/ml is added a Ce of propofol with （2.8±0.3） pg/ml is suitable for intubation. The Ce of propofol has a close correlation with the BIS values. Also, a two-step TCI technique seems to be a more suitable method of anesthesia induction in elderly patients compared with the no-stepwise TCI technique and three-step TCI technique.

Two-stage analysis of pharmacokinetics of sufentanil administered by target-controlled infusion in Chinese patients

Background Sufentanil is a suitable choice for target-controlled infusion （TCI） because of its shorter context-sensitive half-time. The current study was to estimate the pharmacokinetics of sufentanil TCI in Chinese patients using the two-stage analysis. Methods Twelve adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists （ASA） physical status I or II undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were included. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, rocuronium and sufentanil administered by TCI lasting for 30 minutes, with target effect-site concentration of sufentanil 4 or 6 ng/ml. Frequent arterial blood samples （1.5 ml） were taken during and up to 24 hours after sufentanil TCI. Before the end of surgery, another arterial blood sample （1.0 ml） was drawn for the blood-gas analysis. Plasma sufentanil concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （limit of quantitation was 5 pg/ml）. The data were analyzed with the two-stage approach, linear regression and correlation analysis. Results The pharmacokinetics of sufentanil TCI were adequately described by a three-compartment model. The variables were derived as follows： the volume of central compartment （V1） was 5.4 L, volume of distribution at steady-state （Vdss） was 222.6 L, metabolic clearance （CI1） was 0.84 L/min and elimination half-life （t~/2y） was 389 minutes. Patients＇ age, gender and PaCO2 correlated significantly with the pharmacokinetic parameters. The Vdss, volume of slowly equilibrating compartment （V3） and t1/2 y increased, and rapid distribution clearance （012） decreased with increasing patient age. Male patients had larger values of Vdss, volume of rapidly equilibrating compartment （V2） and V3 than female patients. The Vdss and V3 increased with higher PaCO2 values. There were no significant correlations between the pharmacokinetic variables and body weight, height, lean body mass, plasma albumin, sufentanil dose, duration of surgery, pH or base excess of blood （BE-B）. Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of sufentanil TCI in Chinese patients can be optimally described by a three-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic analysis technique may affect the pharmacokinetic parameters and correlations.

Concentrations of propofol in cerebral spinal fluid: target-controlled infusion

Background Although the performance of target-controlled infusion (TCI) have been studied extensively, the accuracy and safety of a TCI system that targets the effect site remains to be demonstrated. This study was to investigate the relations of TCI of propofol to its concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), the effect-site concentrations and bispectral index (BIS).Methods Twelve mongrel dogs were used for investigations. The target effect-site concentration was set at 3μg/ml and the infusion was lasted for 15 minutes. CSF and blood samples were then collected and propofol concentrations were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. BIS and hemodynamic data were monitored continuously.Results The predicted plasma concentrations were generally overestimated. Median performance error (MDPE) and absolute median performance error (MDAPE) were -10.0% and 29.9% respectively. Propofol CSF concentrations were much lower than its effect-site concentrations. Changes in BIS were consistent with propofol concentrations in CSF, both of which changed direction at 5 minutes while the effect-site concentrations relatively lagged behind. Better correlation ( r2 = 0. 9195) was found between BIS and CSF concentrations, when compared with that between BIS and effect-site concentrations (r2=0. 554).Conclusion With 1% enflurane inhaled, the inconsistency of drug effect to the effect-site concentrations may result from inaccuracy of pharmacokinetic parameters. CSF may show effect-site concentrations more accurately than plasma when using target effect-site concentration infusion.

The Effects of Glucose Load on Catabolism during Remifentanil-Based Anesthesia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Background: General anesthesia using remifentanil may suppress the unwanted metabolic changes caused by surgical stress including hyperglycemia and ketogenesis. Surgery-related changes in catabolism can be attenuated with low-dose glucose load, without causing hyperglycemia. However, the impact of glucose load in diabetic patients during surgery is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of glucose load on catabolism during remifentanil-based anesthesia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned to receive a glucose load (1.5 mg/kg/min) or not. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cortisol, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, acetoacetic acid, free fatty acid, ketone bodies, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and 3-methylhistidine/creatinine, a marker of protein catabolism were measured at the start of surgery and 3 h after the start of surgery. Results: Glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher in patients who received a glucose load than in those who did not. Cortisol levels decreased at 3 h after the start of surgery in both groups whereas the levels of catecholamines were unchanged. Acetoacetic acid and total ketone body levels were significantly lower in patients given a glucose load than in those who were not 3 h after the start of surgery. The difference in the 3 methylhistidine/creatinine ratio between the two groups was not significant. Conclusions: The infusion of glucose suppressed lipid catabolism in diabetic patients under remifentanil-based anesthesia during surgery. Our study also suggests that in patients with diabetes mellitus, protein sparing is inhibited by remifentanil-based anesthesia, regardless of the glucose load. Trial registration: the University Hospital Medical Information Network identifier: UMIN000010914.

BIS指导下丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注对老年髋关节置换患者术中丙泊酚用量和术后谵妄发生率的影响

目的:探讨脑电双频指数(BIS)指导下丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注(TCI)对老年髋关节置换患者术中丙泊酚用量和术后谵妄发生率的影响。方法:回顾性分析老年髋部骨折患者的病例资料,依据患者接受的麻醉方式不同分为两组,即接受BIS指导下丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼TCI麻醉的髋关节置换患者纳入观察组,接受BIS指导下丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼持续静脉泵入的同类患者纳入对照组,建立二元Logistics回归分析,构建倾向性评分匹配模型分析得出观察组获取56例病例资料,对照组获取49例病例资料,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察两组不同时间点[入室后(T_(0))、麻醉后(T_(1))、骨水泥后(T_(2))、术毕(T_(3))、出室后(T_(4))、术后3h(T_(5))及术后5h(T_(6))时刻]的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、手术一般情况、丙泊酚用量、BIS值维持情况,对比两组不同时间点(术前及术后1h、6h、1d、3d、7d时刻)谵妄评分[谵妄量表分析系统(CAM-CR)],记录两组术后谵妄发生率,比较两组不同时间点(术前及术后1d)的血糖(Glu)及血浆肾上腺素(E)、皮质醇(Cor)水平变化。结果:观察组在T_(1)时刻MAP值相比T_(0)时刻有显著性降低(P<0.05),两组均在T_(2)时刻MAP值相比T_(0)时刻有显著性降低(P<0.05),其中对照组在T_(5)、T_(6)及T_(7)时刻HR值相比T_(4)时刻出现显著性降低(P<0.05);两组手术时间、麻醉时间及术中出血量对比均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组丙泊酚用量显著少于对照组(P<0.05),观察组BIS值目标范围维持时间比显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组苏醒时间、气管拔管时间及定向力恢复时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05);术后1h、6h、1d、3d、7d,两组CAM-CR评分可见先升高后降低,均显著高于术前(P<0.05),观察组术后1h、6h、1d、3d的CAM-CR评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两组术后7d的上述评分较术前和组间同时间点对比均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组的术后谵妄发生率为5.36%,显著低于对照组的18.37%(P<0.05);术后1d,两组Glu及血浆E、Cor水平相比术前出现显著性升高(P<0.05),但观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:BIS指导下丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼TCI应用于老年髋关节置换患者术中能稳定血流动力学,改善围手术期指标,并减少丙泊酚用量,改善BIS值维持情况,并促进患者麻醉恢复,减少术后谵妄发生风险,同时能减轻机体应激反应。

靶控输注舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼对日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后镇痛和恢复的影响

目的 比较靶控输注舒芬太尼与传统瑞芬太尼用于改善日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后镇痛和恢复质量的有效性和安全性。方法 本研究为一项前瞻性随机对照研究,选取2019年10月至2022年10月在晋中市第一人民医院日间病房行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的100例患者作为观察对象。采用随机数字法将患者分为两组,50例患者术中靶控输注瑞芬太尼(常规组),50例患者术中靶控输注舒芬太尼(观察组)。观察两组患者术后疼痛、恶心呕吐、自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间,恢复定向力所用时间,以及围手术期[麻醉诱导前(T0)、麻醉诱导后5 min(T_(1))、插管操作时(T_(2))、切皮(T_(3))、入腹观察时(T_(4))、拔管时(T_(5))时]的血压、心率等变化。结果 观察组术后3 h内视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)低于常规组(P <0.05)。但观察组自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间及定向力恢复时间相较于常规组更长(P <0.05)。麻醉诱导后5 min(T_(1))常规组血压低于观察组,在拔管时(T_(5)),常规组血压、心率高于观察组(P <0.05)。两组患者围术期不良事件发生率无差异。结论 对日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,靶控输注舒芬太尼,具有血流动力学更加平稳、镇痛效能发挥显著的优点,但由于延长患者术后恢复时间,所以需提前停药。

静脉输注右美托咪定联合靶控输注瑞芬太尼在老年患者ERCP麻醉中的临床应用

目的探讨静脉输注右美托咪定(Dex)联合靶控输注瑞芬太尼在老年患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)麻醉中的安全性及可行性。方法选择2021年1月至8月择期监测麻醉(MAC)下行ERCP的老年患者(年龄≥65岁)98例,随机分为丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼(TRP)组和Dex-瑞芬太尼(TRD)组。TRP组患者麻醉采用靶控输注丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼,TRD组患者麻醉采用静脉输注Dex联合靶控输注瑞芬太尼,2组均采用非气管插管的MAC麻醉。观察并记录患者在麻醉诱导前(T0)、麻醉诱导后即刻(T_(1))、进镜时(T_(2))、十二指肠乳头插管时(T_(3))、退镜时(T_(4))、留置鼻胆管结束时(T_(5))平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉博氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、呼吸频率(RR)、脑电双频指数(BIS)。于不同时点(术前、麻醉诱导后每隔15 min和苏醒即刻)采动脉血行血气分析,记录动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、瑞芬太尼靶控输注浓度、手术时间、苏醒时间(停止输注瑞芬太尼至意识恢复时间)、麻醉恢复时间(意识恢复至离开手术室时间)、术中体动、离室Aldrete评分、术后60 min VAS评分、术后不良反应,以及麻醉医生、内镜医生和患者的满意度。结果2组患者的年龄、性别、BMI、ASA分级等一般资料均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与TRP组比较,TRD组MAP在T_(1)和T_(3)时点增高(P<0.05),HR在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)时点降低,SpO_(2)、RR在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)时点增高,BIS在T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)时点增高,托下颌次数和低氧血症发生率降低,离室Aldrete评分增高,术后60 min VAS评分降低,麻醉医生、内镜医生及患者满意度增高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。2组患者各时点PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)、靶控输注瑞芬太尼浓度、手术时间、苏醒时间、麻醉恢复时间、术后不良反应发生率无统计学差异。结论与靶控输注丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼相比,静脉输注Dex联合靶控输注瑞芬太尼可降低老年患者在ERCP手术中低氧血症的发生率,麻醉方案能够满足ERCP手术的麻醉需求,安全可行。

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉方案对肝部分切除术患者麻醉效果及创伤反应的影响

目的探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉方案对肝部分切除术患者麻醉效果及创伤反应的影响。方法选取2020年12月至2022年12月收治的80例行肝部分切除术患者作为研究对象,根据麻醉方案不同将其分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用常规麻醉方案,观察组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉方案。比较两组的血流动力学指标、创伤反应指标及苏醒情况。结果手术10 min(T_(1))、术毕(T_(2)),观察组的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)高于对照组(P<0.05)。T_(1)、T_(2),观察组的5-羟色胺(5-HT)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。拔管后即刻、拔管后15 min,观察组的改良警觉/镇静评估法(OAA/S)评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉方案能提高肝部分切除术患者麻醉效果,减轻创伤反应,利于术后苏醒。

老年手术患者采取靶控瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉的临床效果

目的观察临床上对于老年手术患者实施靶控瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉的效果。方法40例老年手术患者,由随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各20例。对照组实施芬太尼麻醉干预,试验组实施靶控瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉干预。比较两组患者满意度,感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间,不良反应发生率,抑郁、焦虑评分,生活质量评分。结果试验组患者总满意度(95.00%)与对照组(60.00%)相比更高(P<0.05)。试验组患者感觉阻滞起效时间(2.38±0.62)min、运动阻滞起效时间(6.34±1.02)min与对照组患者的(2.96±0.52)、(7.54±1.16)min相比更短(P<0.05)。试验组不良反应发生率(5.00%)与对照组(30.00%)相比更低(P<0.05)。干预后,试验组患者抑郁评分(12.48±3.26)分、焦虑评分(11.05±4.24)分与对照组的(16.59±3.13)、(15.43±4.19)分相比更低(P<0.05)。试验组患者心理功能评分(80.16±4.28)分、物质生活状态评分(81.28±4.61)分、社会功能评分(80.13±3.24)分与对照组的(71.37±4.64)、(72.13±4.62)、(70.92±3.13)分对比更高(P<0.05)。结论靶控瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在临床老年手术患者干预中的效果更好,且患者对麻醉效果更加满意,感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间相对较短,更加安全,值得被临床应用推广。

丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注对髋关节置换术后患者睡眠情况的影响

目的:髋关节置换术治疗时,探究丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注的应用效果及对患者睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2023年1月至2024年6月齐河县人民医院收治的均开展髋关节置换术患者88例作为研究对象,按照电脑随机法分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组提供七氟醚麻醉,观察组提供丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼靶控输注,干预后对2组的预后恢复情况(自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间)、MMSE评分(简易精神状态评价量表)、PSQI评分(匹兹堡睡眠质量指数)以及认知功能障碍发生率进行比较。结果:1)观察组患者自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间较对照组更短(P<0.05);2)观察组MMSE评分较对照组更高(P<0.05);观察组PSQI评分较对照组更低(P<0.05);3)观察组认知功能障碍发生率较对照组更低,优势明显(P<0.05)。结论:髋关节置换术治疗时,为了缩短患者术后自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间,丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注效果明显,持续应用阶段,对于患者来说上述方案还可改善睡眠质量,有利于降低患者认知功能障碍发生率,在临床上安全价值高,推广价值高。

丙泊酚靶控输注复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在超低位直肠癌患者麻醉中的应用

目的比较丙泊酚靶控输注复合瑞芬太尼麻醉与静吸复合麻醉在超低位直肠癌患者麻醉中的应用效果。方法选取我院2019年10月至2023年5月收治的82例超低位直肠癌患者为研究对象,以麻醉差异将其分为常规组(41例,静吸复合麻醉)和观察组(41例,丙泊酚靶控输注复合瑞芬太尼麻醉)。比较两组的麻醉效果。结果入室时(T0),两组的心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);插管时(T1)至拔管时(T4),观察组的HR显著低于常规组,SpO2显著高于常规组(P<0.05);观察组手术过程中HR、SpO2的波动幅度小于常规组。T0,两组的平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、平均肺动脉压(MPAP)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T1~T4,观察组的MAP、CVP均显著低于常规组,MPAP显著高于常规组(P<0.05);观察组麻醉过程中MAP、CVP、MPAP的波动幅度小于常规组。观察组的术中呼吸循环抑制总发生率及术后不良反应总发生率均显著低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论相较于静吸复合麻醉,丙泊酚靶控输注复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在超低位直肠癌患者麻醉中具有更显著的应用效果。

瑞芬太尼联合舒芬太尼在老年患者全麻中的镇痛作用

目的观察瑞芬太尼联合舒芬太尼TCI对老年患者围术期应激反应及术后疼痛的影响。方法择期行腹部手术的全麻患者40例,年龄61～72岁,随机均分为两组:A组,瑞芬太尼5ng/ml麻醉诱导,4ng/ml麻醉维持,缝皮时PCIA;B组:瑞芬太尼2ng/ml复合舒芬太尼麻醉诱导和维持,缝皮时PCIA。于麻醉诱导前(T1)、插管前即刻(T2)、插管后1min(T3)、5min(T4)、进腹时(T5)和拔管后1min(T6)、5min(T7)记录患者的HR、MAP和SpO2值。并于T1、T3、T6和术后6(T8)、12(T9)、24h(T10)时测定血浆NE和E浓度。记录患者术中血流动力学剧烈波动的调控次数、术毕停药后睁眼及拔管时间、拔管后RS、OAA/S和VAS评分以及术后24h镇痛药用量。结果与T1时比较,两组患者T2时MAP明显下降、HR明显减慢(P<0.01),A组T3、T5～T7时,B组T3和T6时HR明显增快,A组T3、T6和T7时MAP明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),两组血浆NE和E浓度在T3、T6时明显上升(P<0.01),T9、T10时明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与A组比较,B组T3和T6时MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢(P<0.05),血浆NE和E浓度在T6、T8和T9时明显降低(P<0.05),术中循环波动调控次数明显减少(P<0.01),拔管后RS评分和T8～T9时VAS评分明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),术后24h镇痛药用量明显减少(P<0.01)。结论舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼联合应用于老年患者,能减轻瑞芬太尼导致的术后急性疼痛,减少围术期应激反应。

两种麻醉方式对持续输注顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响

目的比较七氟烷吸入麻醉与丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉对持续输注顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响。方法选择全麻下手术病人40例,随机分为七氟烷吸入麻醉组(Ⅰ组)和丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼组(Ⅱ组),各20例。静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg后气管插管,术中持续输注顺式阿曲库铵,调节输注速率维持T1≤5%。记录顺式阿曲库铵输注速率、3h时用药量,恢复指数、停药至TOF比值为0.9的时间。结果与初始输注速率比较,两组持续给药30～180min期间顺式阿曲库铵输注速率下降(P<0.05),且Ⅰ组输注速率显著低于Ⅱ组,总体平均输注速率较Ⅱ组减少28%。但120min后两组输注速率无明显变化。两组恢复指数、停药到TOF比值为0.9的时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论持续输注顺式阿曲库铵维持恒定肌松水平,七氟烷麻醉与丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉均能呈时间依赖性增强其肌松作用,输注120min时达最大程度,且前者的增强效应大于后者,但对肌松恢复的影响无明显差别。

丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注全凭静脉麻醉患者术中知晓的发生情况

目的调查丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注（TCI）全凭静脉麻醉非心脏手术患者术中知晓的发生情况，分析其发生的可能原因及相关因素，探讨预防TCI全凭静脉麻醉患者术中知晓的策略，降低术中知晓的发生率。方法随机选择TCI静脉全身麻醉患者1061例，年龄19-72岁，ASAI～Ⅲ级，均未予神经电生理监测。麻醉诱导TCI丙泊酚血浆靶浓度3．0～4．0μg／ml、瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度5～6ng／ml、维库溴铵0．1mg／kg或顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0．2mg／kg，麻醉维持TCI丙泊酚血浆靶浓度为3．O～3．5μg／ml、瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度5～6ng／ml，预计手术时间大于2h。切皮前静脉注射芬太尼0．1mg，间断静脉注射维库溴铵或顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵。手术结束前15min停止输注丙泊酚，缝合皮肤前停止输注瑞芬太尼，并静脉注射芬太尼1μg／kg。记录患者丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的输注总剂量及输注时间、维持期丙泊酚的血浆靶控浓度。术后第1天及第3天随访患者，调查全麻术中知晓的发生情况。结果丙泊酚输注总剂量为（973．48±471．56）mg，输注时间为（138．74±112．85）min，血浆靶控浓度为（3．15±0．38）μg／ml，输注速率为（9．41±3．59）mg·kg^-1·h^-1。瑞芬太尼输注总剂量为（1130．29±676．19）μg，输注时间（140．76±113．02）min，平均输注速率为（0．15±0．05）μg·kg^-1·min^-1。1061例患者中，均未发生术中知晓，术中做梦者14例，发生率为1．3％。结论术中瑞芬太尼血浆靶控浓度设定为5～6ng／ml的情况下，丙泊酚血浆靶控浓度维持在（3．15±0．38）μg／ml，即平均输注速率为（9．41±3．59）mg·kg^-1·h^-1，能提供合适的麻醉深度，术中知晓的发生率明显降低。

瑞芬太尼普鲁泊福靶控输注静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 :评价普鲁泊福和瑞芬太尼靶控全静脉麻醉临床应用的可行性。方法 :ASAI Ⅱ级 ,择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的病人 16例 ,诱导时设定普鲁泊福血浆靶浓度 3mg·L-1,瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度 7μg·L-1,术中靶浓度维持不变 ,手术结束时停止输注普鲁泊福和瑞芬太尼。观察麻醉诱导和气管插管时的血压、心率 ,术毕停药后病人自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间和离开恢复室时间。分别在靶控输注 15min、2 0min、术毕病人苏醒时采集桡动脉血样用高效液相色谱仪配二极管阵列紫外检测器测定瑞芬太尼全血浓度。结果 :麻醉诱导时收缩压由诱导前 (14 4± 2 7)mmHg降至 (10 1± 18)mmHg ,平均动脉压由 (10 2± 15 )mmHg降至 (6 9±13)mmHg ,心率由 (77± 14 )次·min-1降至 (6 3± 12 )次·min-1,插管前后血压和心率无显著变化 ,无一例插管反应。术毕停药后病人自主呼吸恢复时间 (12± 6 )min ,呼之睁眼时间 (9± 4 )min ,拔管时间 (13± 6 )min ,定向力恢复时间 (15± 5 )min ,离开恢复室时间 (19± 7)min。瑞芬太尼的实测浓度分别为 (4 .6± 9.5 ) μg·L-1、(6 .6± 11.5 )μg·L-1、(1.2± 8.7) μg·L-1。结论 :瑞芬太尼普鲁泊福靶控全静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术时 ,麻醉诱导平稳 。