Multi-Objective Teaching-Learning-Based Optimizer for a Multi-Weeding Robot Task Assignment Problem

With the emergence of the artificial intelligence era,all kinds of robots are traditionally used in agricultural production.However,studies concerning the robot task assignment problem in the agriculture field,which is closely related to the cost and efficiency of a smart farm,are limited.Therefore,a Multi-Weeding Robot Task Assignment(MWRTA)problem is addressed in this paper to minimize the maximum completion time and residual herbicide.A mathematical model is set up,and a Multi-Objective Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization(MOTLBO)algorithm is presented to solve the problem.In the MOTLBO algorithm,a heuristicbased initialization comprising an improved Nawaz Enscore,and Ham(NEH)heuristic and maximum loadbased heuristic is used to generate an initial population with a high level of quality and diversity.An effective teaching-learning-based optimization process is designed with a dynamic grouping mechanism and a redefined individual updating rule.A multi-neighborhood-based local search strategy is provided to balance the exploitation and exploration of the algorithm.Finally,a comprehensive experiment is conducted to compare the proposed algorithm with several state-of-the-art algorithms in the literature.Experimental results demonstrate the significant superiority of the proposed algorithm for solving the problem under consideration.

Task-Based Approach in Language Teaching

During recent years,some notions about tasks have been considered as the major part of analysis in different teaching approaches and teachers are being more interested in the use of taskbased approach both in foreign and in second language teaching.The main goal of this article is to introduce and discuss some major principles of task-based language teaching and indicates how teachers can apply them in their curriculum.

A Review on Theories of Task-based Teaching

Based on several books on English teaching and learning,this paper gives a general review on task-based teaching.Firstly,it introduces the definitions of task and task-based syllabus and makes two distinctions,namely,"task"and"activity","taskbased teaching"and"communicative teaching".Then it states the notions behind the task-based teaching.Finally,it gives the notes for the application of this approach.

On the Application of Task-based Language Teaching Approach to English Phonetic Teaching

Task-based language teaching approach(TBLTA), which lays stress on "learning by doing", gained increasing popularity in English teaching in recent years. The design of phonetic teaching calls for more emphasis from English educators since it is one of the basic rounds of English teaching. This paper made a trial on the utilization of TBLTA in the English phonetic teaching context and designed a TBLTA model for English phonetic teaching based on discussions about model and merits of TBLTA.

Compare and Contrast the Strengths and Weaknesses of Task-based Language Teaching Method and Audio Lingual Teaching Method and Study How They Impact Upon Both the Teachers and the Learners

This essay focused on comparing and contrasts audio lingual method and Task-based language teaching method,demonstrating the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods and discusses how they impact upon both the teachers and the learners.TBLT is the contemporary teaching method with a great number of strong points.It seems that if there is more relatively scientific and effective method,TBLT should give way to it.The ultimate goal is to advocate the comparatively successful teaching method in the field of foreign language education.

A Study on Task-based Language Teaching Syllabus Design

Task-based teaching syllabus becomes more and more popular in modern English teaching. It is widely used in the English teaching from junior to senior high school and even to collage and university education. This paper is mainly studies the relevant research on task-based teaching syllabus and offers some tips on task-based syllabus design.

Task-based Language Teaching——New Approach,New Gain

Task-based Language Teaching(hereafter TBLT) is the latest development of Communicative Language Teaching(henceforth CLT) that many unreal communicative activities have appeared in communicative classroom teaching.TBLT leads students to learn English by fulfilling a realtask in order to improve their ability of using English.It emphasizes on learner-centered.This dissertation introduces the origin,principles,steps of TBLT,with the aim of providing a clear picture of tasks and TBLT.TBLT:challenge and change in English teaching,new approach,new gain.

A Brief Introduction of Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)

This paper presents the importance of task-based language teaching(TBLT), briefly introduces some different understanding of the definition of TBLT, and the rationale for it, analyses it's suitability and difficulties of implementing it in the classroom.

Review about Communicative and Task:Based Language Teaching in East Asian Classrooms

William Littlewood in Communicative and Task-based Language Teaching in East Asian Classrooms(2007) points out the problems in implementing CLT and TBLT in the East Asian classrooms,Then he gives his ideas "how teachers adapt rather than adopt". Later he puts forward some conceptual uncertainties. Finally he comes to the conclusion. The article is well written,and delicately structured. Littlewood has carried out profound research and survey in East Asian countries,however,he didn't give us some measures to solve the problems. Also his conclusion is only a framework and no supporting details,quite general and vague. What I can do is to add some measures to solve the problems in CLT and TBLT in classrooms esp. in China.

On Effectiveness of Task-based Reading Teaching in Vocational College

Task-based Language Teaching advocates that the students' learning is to master the language naturally and automatically by finishing real tasks in activities,which is a communicative process.Based upon Willis' model for TBLT,the author has done experiment in two classes.The results showed that task-based reading teaching is suitable to vocational college students.There is great significance appeared in the learning quality on the students in experimental class.(1) It can build up the students' self-confidence in reading.(2) It can facilitate the students' reading comprehension.(3) It helps to cultivate the students' autonomous reading habit.

Task-based Teaching and Learning in English Listening Class

In technical college English listening class,task-based teaching and learning method can not only create harmonious environment for students' learning,but also motivate students' enthusiasm in listening class,thus students can benefit a great deal in listening class and the listening can be carried out successfully.

A Brief Report on Task-based Translation Teaching in University English Classes in China

Translation teaching in college English classes is highly teacher-centered, so students are not fully motivated and therefore lack basic interests to fulfill these tasks. In order for students to be more involved and more learning independent, translation teaching needs to become student-centered and task-based. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of this teaching method and suggests possible ways to use the method.

Application of Task-based Approach in College English Vocabulary Teaching

With the rapid development of economy and society,more and more people pay attention to English teaching.Vocabulary,the basic unit of language,is regarded as the center of language teaching by many linguists and educators.For Chinese students,vocabulary learning is also the most difficult and important problem in language learning.Unlike that in English-speaking countries,there is an absence of a foreign language environment for Chinese students,and most of their vocabulary is derived from classroom learning.Thus it is necessary to find an effective method to deal with vocabulary teaching.It analyzes college English vocabulary teaching,as college students have formed the corresponding language skills with more suitability.For a long time,students develop the habit of memorizing words repeatedly,consuming a lot of time,but the result is not satisfactory.Faced with this phenomenon,this paper analyzes the problems existing in College English vocabulary teaching and explores the reasons of the problems.Then it analyzes the application of task-based approach in college English vocabulary teaching.

On the Effects of Applying Task-based Approach to Business Oral English Teaching in Higher Vocational College

A teaching experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying of Task-based approach(TBA) to business oral English teaching in higher vocational college.Instruments are tests and questionnaire for the experimental participants.Based on the data analysis,it can be concluded that TBA proves to be more effective especially compared with PPP approach.

The Application of Task-based Language Learning in English Teaching

Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT) proved to be an influential teaching approach in second language acquisition recent years. Yet, TBLT came into being with certain culture background, it can't be applied randomly and mechanically. This paper precisely introduces the task-based language learning and reviews the literature on the basic pedagogical theories of TBLT,then briefly introduces the framework of Willis for TBLT, and takes a small size group of middle school students as an example.It mainly aims to discuss the application of Task-based language learning in the classroom and through analyzing the disadvantages of task-based language teaching to find out a successful approach to implement TBLT.

Thoughts about the Innovation of Mathematics Teaching Mode in Higher Vocational Colleges from the Viewpoint of “Task List”

With the reform of talent demand mode in China,in today’s society,the need for talents of enterprises are more inclined to application-type vocational and technical talents,this has created enormous opportunities for the growing of higher vocational colleges which are the incubation base for applied talents,at the same time,it also exposes the practical problems of the backwardness of the current mathematics teaching mode in higher vocational colleges,thus brings unfavorable influence on the implementation of the talent cultivation program in higher vocational colleges,“Task list”is one of the teaching requirements put forward by China’s educational reform in the new age,and the important direction for higher vocational colleges to reform the mathematics teaching mode in the new age.

Application of Task-based Teaching Approach to Business Oral English Teaching

Task-based teaching approach(TBTA) is widely accepted and plays a more important role in foreign language teach ing.This paper is aimed at analyzing specific task design and the application of task-based teaching approach to business oral Eng lish teaching.It briefly introduces what the task-based teaching approach is and Willis'model for TBTA.Based on this model,it probes deeply into the teaching tasks design and teaching procedures.By applying the task-based teaching approach in business oral English teaching,teachers can assign students various tasks in the class to not only arose students'interest in English but also develop their communicative competence of business English.

Experienced Language Learners' Perceptions of Task-based Language Teaching-A Case Study of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies in China

The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the attitudes and opinions from experienced language learners towards task-based language teaching(TBLT), a popular and widely adopted teaching approach, in the context of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(GDUFS) in China and provide suggestion for making improvements in language teaching.

On the Application of Task-based Approach in English Listening Teaching at Middle Schools

In order to command a foreign language, it requires a balanced development in listening, speaking, reading and writing,which are four essential skills of language competence. Listening is not only a vital approach to acquire language, but also an important way to communicate with others in our daily life. The Task-based Approach(TBA) focuses on the specific task, which is the learning motivation. The process of finishing the task is the process of learning. The teaching result is judged by the task performed or not. This research discusses the application of TBA in English Listening Teaching at Middle Schools in order to improve the students listening ability. In the first part, the author introduces the background and significance of the research. In the second part, it states the definition of listening comprehension, the characteristics of listening process, three models of listening processing. In the third part, it introduces the definition of Task, characteristics of task, and the principles of designing a task. Finally, it introduces the Task-based Approach. In the fourth part, discusses the current situation of English teaching at middle school,and the elaboration on the task-based model of English listening teaching. All in all, the research is to make the audience to understand the application of Task-based Approach in English listening teaching at middle schools so as to improve the students' English listening ability.

Implications of English as a Lingua Franca(ELF) for Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT) in China

Task-based language teaching(TBLT)methods to some extent counteract the dilemma of emphasis on authentic con text and the focus on non-native L2 learning circumstance.The notion of English as a Lingua Franca(ELF)is much a product in formed the concept that language acquisition is a process of learning language and using language.This paper explores the con cept of English as a lingua franca(ELF)and the nature of task-based language teaching.ELF and TBLT share a common ground that the interlocutors aim to convey information and sheer themselves of the baggage of English hegemony.Thus the implications of ELF for TBLT are discussed.