A Brief Discussion on the Penetration Point and Techniques of Tax Planning

Tax cost is one of the costs of business activities,and tax planning has become an indispensable financial activity.How to carry out effective tax planning has been the focus of enterprises.Therefore,this paper intends to discuss how to carry out tax planning from the penetration point and techniques of tax planning,with an aim to provide reference for enterprises’tax planning activities.

Research on Tax Planning of PPP Projects in China: Based on the Perspective of Digital Economy

The digital economy has become an important driving force for the growth of fiscal revenue in various countries.Tax planning is essential for the cost accounting of PPP projects,reducing corporate tax burdens,and increasing company value.This paper adopts a case analysis method,taking the smart highway PPP project in Guizhou Province as an example.Through statistical analysis,it is found that the value-for-money and big data of the PPP project affects tax planning,the project’s value-added tax input and output items have time mismatches,and enterprises Income tax payment imbalance.In the context of the digital economy,the tax planning of China’s PPP projects can be further improved:digital transformation and big data to prevent tax risks caused by value for money evaluation;based on digital technology to improve the value-added tax deduction chain,and digital communication platforms to alleviate time mismatch of value-added tax;use big data to monitor and balance project portfolio investment;improve the level of digital skills of financial personnel.

Accounting and Tax Planning for High Technology Enterprises

In recent years,the importance of science and technology,as the first productive force,has been gradually highlighted.China pays great attention to high-tech enterprises and strongly supports them in fiscal and taxation policies to promote their development effectively.In responding to national policies,high-tech enterprises also continue to improve their efficiency,so the accounting and tax planning work of enterprises is mandatory.However,combined with the status quo of accounting and tax planning of high-tech enterprises,there is something to be improved in both aspects,which makes the enterprises’financial and taxation risks higher and is not conducive to their normal operation.Based on this,the article will focus on the accounting and tax planning of high-tech enterprises as the main object of research.

A Brief Discussion on Consumption Tax Planning

Consumption tax is calibrated within the price.The amount of consumption tax will directly affect the profits of enterprises.On a law-abiding premise,it is crucial to plan the consumption tax,reduce the burden of consumption tax,and increase the profits of enterprises.This article proposes several consumption tax planning strategies and methods to provide reference for taxpayers from three aspects:the scope of tax collection,the basis of tax calculation,and the tax rate.

Tax Policy and Planning:Lessons From Developed Countries

One of the fundamental issues in developing countries is how to evolve tax policies that can generate sufficient revenue for government activities.Consequent upon the above,this study examined tax policies and planning in developing sub-Saharan African countries.It adopted table content analysis and descriptive statistics in its methodology.The study observed that aggressive tax planning which the Multi-National Corporations execute through royalty payment,interest payment,strategic transfer pricing and treaty shopping,among others,has caused countries around the globe huge revenue losses annually and has become a matter of serious concern to both the developed and developing economies.The implication of this is that achievement of objectives of tax policies and their reforms will remain a mirage in sub-Saharan African countries.The study concluded that the prevalence of illicit financial outflows in the form of tax evasion and avoidance in the guise of aggressive tax planning by multinational corporations,however,makes Africa’s tax policies worse.It was recommended that the Organization for Economic Corporation and Development,and the G-20 should involve developing countries in the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project as they are the worst victims of these activities.

A historical review of the economy-based theory of taxation in China——The difference between“economy-centrism”and“plan-centrism”

The level of tax burden in a country should be determined by the condition of its economy,but it also has impact on economic development.Taxation and budget reform was discussed at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,and the new reform was introduced.Under the new thinking,budget review is no long be limited to balanced budget and the size of the deficit but will also include projected expenditure and policy.This means the change from“making tax plans“to”setting tax expected targets”.The idea of“economic determination of taxes”has left a prominent mark in the history of taxation theories in China going back thousands of years.In particular,taxation theorists have always stressed the need to protect and nurture tax sources.For example,Confucius stressed“keeping tax burdens light and allowing the people to be rich”,Mencius similarly advocated for the importance of enriching the people,Xunzi,for his part,argued for the need to levy taxes in accordance with the law,Wang Anshi believed that people can only be taxed if they are first allowed to earn an income,and Qiu Jun promoted the idea of“less taxes,more revenues”,and many others.All these ideas in the history are rich sources of reference for those trying to reform the taxation system today in China.

Determinants of Tax Evasion Intention using the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Mediation role of Taxpayer Egoism

This study evaluates the mediation role of taxpayer egoism in the nexus between tax evasion intention(TEI)and its determinants.TEI is measured as a composite variable(for mediation in the PROCESS macro)and then as a latent variable(for mediation in Analysis of Moment Structure Software AMOS).Further,the stringent assumptions of mediation analysis by Baron and Kenny(Strategic,and Statistical Considerations 51:1173-1182,1986)are challenged via assertions by Hayes(Introduction to Mediation,Moderation and Conditional Process Analysis:A Regression-Based Approach,The Guilford Press,2018).The proxies for TEI are the respondents'ethical attitudes toward taxation Determinants of tax evasion intention are grouped into perceived behavioral control attitude and subjective norms as per theory of planned behavior(TPB)and extant literature.The detailed variables adopted from the literature include tax awareness,tax information,tax complexity,perceived power of authority,tax morals,tax fairness,and trust in government.A totalof 151 responses were collected Mediation analysis was done via bootstrapping in the PROCESS macro and through AMOS.A plethora of studies focus on determinants of tax evasion,tax compliance and their intentions However,none combine analysis via the two tools highlighted.Further,few challenge the old way of conducting mediation analysis The data provide statistical support for egoism's mediation in the effect of four determinants on tax evasion intention.It further confirms that many of the old preconditions for mediation are unnecessary given modern-day bootstrapping analysis.Insight into determinants of TEI and egoism have been provided However,this study uses cross-sectional data Future studies must use longitudinal data or experimental manipulation to infer more specific effects.