Consideration of the Application and Risk Prevention of VAT Tax Rebate Policy for Construction Enterprises at the End of the Period

The“Announcement on Deepening the Value-Added Tax Reform”clearly outlines the preferential policy regarding incremental retention tax rebates.With the advancement of value-added tax(VAT)reform and the improvement of VAT legislation in China,VAT tax planning for construction enterprises,particularly related to retained tax credits,has become routine.This paper,focusing on the characteristics of construction enterprises,analyzes VAT retained tax credits at the end of the period,the status of tax refunds,practical issues,and related processes,and offers suggestions for policy application and risk prevention.

Promoting Economic Recovery Through Taxation

The role of taxation in promoting economic recovery has attracted great-er attention in recent years,with economic dislocation following the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.While taxation is only one of the factors impacting economic recovery,both economic literature and practical experience show that tax policy can contribute to enhanced growth and therefore greater economic activity.Tax instruments used as a means for promoting economic recovery include tax holidays,preferential tax rates,investment allowances,tax credits and special economic zones.However,there are a range of constraints over tax incentive design imposed by bodies such as the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting,the Forum on Harmful Tax Practices of the OECD and the Code of Conduct on Business Taxation of the European Union.Given the above,this paper sets out practical issues to inform governments seeking to promote economic activity through taxation.

Tax credit rating and corporate innovation decisions

The tax credit rating mechanism was formally implemented in 2014.As an important tax collection and management innovation,it has attracted the attention of regulatory authorities and scholars.Different from the literature that directly examines corporate tax compliance,we focus on the impact of tax credit rating implementation on corporate research and development(R&D)investment decisions.Using listed companies’data from 2014 to 2019,we find that companies with higher tax credit ratings invest more in innovation,because the system helps managers identify R&D opportunities,alleviates corporate financing constraints and reduces agency costs.We confirm that tax credit ratings have manifold impacts on corporate information environments and business decisions,with better ratings positively affecting firms’business decisions.This discovery can inform tax policy reform,encourage corporate innovation and construct social credit systems.

When the Belt and Road Initiative Meets BEPS:Reforming China's Foreign Tax Credit Rules in the New Era

Today,international taxation is at an inflection point.The implementation of action plan on base erosion and profit shifing(BEPS)and enforcement of the Belt and Road Initiative are reshaping taxation rules and principles.As a crucial aspect of outbound taxation,foreign tax credit is expected to embrace the normative objectives of the new era,which emphasize the importance of subjecting all trans-border business activities to equitable,efficient,and coordinated taxation.Currently,China's foreign tax credit prescribes in an incompatible pattern;it lacks clear legislative intent,despite marking specific rules with archaic unilateral characters.To reform this regime,legislative principle should reflect the latest consensus on the economic activities'nexus and ensure that the income derived from trans-border transactions falls under a minimum tax.Regarding specific rules,it is strongly suggested that active and passive incomes be distinguished and the equity holding threshold of obtaining indirect credit be lowered.China's foreign tax credit reform should take an inclusive perspective,actively participating in the cooperation between countries.

Italy’s Fiscal Response to the COVID-19 Crisis

This article focuses on measures envisaged and adopted by the Italian Revenue Agency during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent the spread of virus and to support businesses and individuals in mitigating the worst economic impact of the cri-sis.In particular,measures such as suspension of tax payments and processing,grants allocation,tax credits and increased use of digital services have been adopted to re-cover and relaunch the financial system.As a member state of the European Union,Italy has also submitted its recovery and resilience plan that is committed to boosting a sustainable growth while fostering the digital and green transition.