Eco-taxes and Sustainable Utilization of Grassland Resources

The sustainable development of grassland resources objectively requires that the social, economic and ecological costs of grassland resources should be brought into economic activities in order to internalize the external costs of grassland resources. Eco-tax is a very effective means to internalize the externality of grassland resources. Its main advantage is to bdng the cost of ecological environment into economic life, which can amend market pdce, improve the effectiveness of government policies, perform the eco-saboteurs-pays principle, and thus perfect the ecological compensation system.

Evaluation of the Strategic Tolerance Human Resource Management Based on Matter-Element Analysis Method

The main features and connotation of the tolerance human resource management based on strategy are analyzed and summarized. The theory and method of systematic engineering is used to build the evaluation index systems for the tolerance human resource management. On the basis of it, by using the theory of matter-element analysis, the matter-element models are formulated for the evaluation of the tolerance human resource management. Regarding annual tolerance human resource management as the object of matter-dement, the tolerance human resource ：management for two years are analyzed and evaluated through using the matter. element models proposed. A ease study is carried out and the satisfactory results are obtained. A new scientific methed is provided for the evaluation of human resource management based on strategy.

Design and impact estimation of a reform program of China's tax and fee policies for low-grade oil and gas resources

With China＇s rapid economic development,it is important to formulate reasonable and feasible tax and fee policies to promote the development and utilization of low-grade oil and gas resources to guarantee China＇s energy supply security.In this paper,by analyzing major problems of China＇s current tax and fee policies for oil and gas resources,a reform program for low-grade oil and gas resources is designed from the aspects of tax/fee items and tax/fee rates.The impacts of this reform program on China and China＇s oil companies during the ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂ are investigated according to the related data in 2008.The results show that the proposed tax and fee reform program will lower the tax burden of oil companies,promote the development of low-grade oil and gas resources,and increase China＇s GDP and national fiscal revenue.Besides that,it will bring positive social effects by increasing employment opportunities.

Analysis on The Strategy of Application of StatisticalAnalysis Method in Human Resource Management of Modem Enterprise

The change of the development situation of market makes the competition among enterprises gradually turn totalents,technology, culture and other aspects,talent and technology has become an important embodiment of the core competitiveness ofenterprises.In this context,the role of human resource management is becoming more and more important,which needs to improve and innovatethe traditional human resource management mode in time,so as to improve the management level and management efficiency.The application ofstatistical analysis method in the human resource management of modem enterprises,can give full play to the role and value of various data,toimprove the disadvantages and defects in traditional methods of human resource management,can significantly enhance the level and efficiency ofhuman resource management,this paper makes a detailed analysis on its strategy of specific application, aims to provide guidance and reference.

Study on the reform of resource tax and sustainable development of the underdeveloped resource-rich regions in China

The underdeveloped resource-rich region in China refers to the underdeveloped region with abundantnatural resources. The problem for these regions sustainable development cannot be negligible for its particularity innatural resources and environment. This paper mainly examines the issue about resource tax reform and the sustainabledevelopment of underdeveloped resource-rich regions. It first expatiates on regional characteristics of underdevelopedresource-rich regions, then analyzes the effect that resource tax has on the sustainable development of this type of regions,takes Yulin City as example to illuminate the negative influence on the sustainable development of those regions due to thedesign limitation of the existing resource tax, and put forward some suggestions, including to delegate tax legislativepower to lower levels, to increase resource tax rate, to expand its levied scope to give play to the potential main tax to localrevenue, to improve the design of resource tax, to enhance the its function of resource saving and environmentalprotection, to attach importance to regional interest of underdeveloped resource-rich regions and to improve of theinterest distribution system concerning the tax system and resource exploitation.

Game Modeling and Strategic Behavior Analysis in Public Goods Provision： Evidence From Water Resources Management

The utility of public goods vary with the behaviors of stakeholders （players）, and it is appropriate to study effective supply and management of public goods with game modeling and analysis. The comparison effect is the key issue of public good provision both in theoretical analysis and in practice. One major contribution of the paper is the extension of Clarke-Groves mechanism, to achieve which strategic behavior analysis is applied through the analysis and the comparison effect among various stakeholders in different stages is created and highly emphasized. In the first section of this paper, the definition of integrated water resources management （IWRM）, the importance of stakeholder participation as well as some models and methods that have been applied are illustrated. Following this, the framework of analysis is elaborated, in which the scenario and aims are shown, and it is claimed that game theory is the main approach, which includes both cooperative games and non-cooperative games. To achieve the aims of the public project, five approaches from game theory are able to cover the entire process of the project, and the fourth approach on interest compensation mechanism is the highlight of the research. After this, the interest compensation mechanism is demonstrated in the model section, and is proved to be an incentive compatible mechanism that makes each stakeholder choose to behave in accordance with the interest of the entire project. The Clarke-Groves mechanism is applied and extended in establishing the model, and the utility change by the comparison among stakeholders （defined as the comparison effect） is involved. In the application section, a water project is analyzed in consideration of various stakeholders, and other possible applications are also indicated.

Location Choice or Industrial Enterprises in China： Market Potential, Resource Endowment and Tax Burden

Using a New Economic Geography OVEG） model, this paper investigates the effect of market potential, natural resource endowment and tax burden on the location distribution of industrial enterprises in China. By applying data from 2000 to 2010 of 286 Chinese cities, this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the location of industrial enterprises of different time periods, regions and ownership systems. The results indicate that greater domestic market potential and international market demand are favorable to fostering or introduction of new enterprises. It also shows that coastal cities with better resource endowment are more attractive to corporate investment, while cities in interior regions have heavy and highly differentiated industrial tax burdens, which is unfavorable to the attraction of enterprises. In comparison, infrastructure and wage of cities have no obvious effect on enterprises＇ location choice. When it comes to enterprises of different ownership, domestic market potential and international market demand all have significant positive effects on the location distribution of foreign-funded enterprises, private enterprises and enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, while the level of urban industrial tax burden has an opposite effect. We find that the NEG model has a relatively strong explanatory power to the location of industrial enterprises in China.

Traffic Characteristics Based Dynamic Radio Resource Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

The traffic with tidal phenomenon in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks(HWNs)has radically increased the complexity of radio resource management and its performance analysis.In this paper,a Simplified Dynamic Hierarchy Resource Management(SDHRM)algorithm exploiting the resources dynamically and intelligently is proposed with the consideration of tidal traffic.In network-level resource allocation,the proposed algorithm first adopts wavelet neural network to forecast the traffic of each sub-area and then allocates the resources to those sub-areas to maximise the network utility.In connection-level network selection,based on the above resource allocation and the pre-defined QoS requirement,three typical network selection policies are provided to assign traffic flow to the most appropriate network.Furthermore,based on multidimensional Markov model,we analyse the performance of SDHRM in HWNs with heavy tailed traffic.Numerical results show that our theoretical values coincide with the simulation results and the SDHRM can improve the resource utilization.

Comparison of water resources management between China and the United States

As the world’s top two economies,the United States(U.S.)and China face a number of similar water resources problems.Yet,few studies have been done to systematically compare policies and approaches on water resources management between China and the U.S.This study compares water resources policies of China and the U.S.in the areas of national authority,water supply,water quality,and ecosystem use of the water to draw lessons learned and shed light on water resources management in China,the U.S.,and the rest of the world.The lessons learned from the comparison include six aspects.1)New paradigms of people-water harmony and a water-saving society are urgently needed to address the pressing water crisis and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UN SDGs).2)A comprehensive,consistent,forward-looking national policy is necessary to achieve sustainable use of water resources.3)Empowerment of river basin commissions with comprehensive authority over the integrative management of air,land,water,and biological resources in the river basin could significantly enhance the benefits and effectiveness of economic development and environmental protection.4)Expansion of water exchange through market mechanisms among water users promotes efficient and beneficial water uses.5)Use of water for ecosystem services should be an integral part of water resources management.China has set up a national blueprint for achieving ecological civilization;maintaining appropriate amounts of flow in rivers and lakes for maintenance of wildlife and fisheries and ecosystems should be institutionalized as part of this national strategy as well.6)By sharing their rich experiences and lessons in water resources management,economic development,and ecological protection with other countries,China and the U.S.can help the world to achieve global human-water harmony and the UN SDGs.

Relationship between Environmental Tax and Sustainable Development

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the relationship between environmental tax and sustainable development in China. E Method From the aspects of economic growth, development mode, environmental consciousness of national people, equity and efficiency, we analyzed the relationship between environmental tax and sustainable development in China, then studied the current taxation systems aiming at sustainable devel- opment. [ Result] In China, the design idea of present taxation system is not suitable for sustainable development, and a complete and scientific environmental tax system has not been established. Environmental tax indicates fairness principle, promotes equal competition and economic struc- ture adjustment, and enhances the environmental consciousness of national people. [ Conclusion] Environmental tax is not only an important sys- tem guarantee for the implementation of scientific development concept and circular economy, but also an effective method for governments to pro- tect environment and realize sustainable development.

Tunnel Engineering Construction Schedule Analysis and Management Based on Visual Simulation

The methodology of visual simulation for a tunnel engineering construction schedule is presented. Visualization of simulation model, calculation and result of construction schedule simulation is realized, and the construction simulation and the resource optimization of tunnel engineering are made. A risk analysis and a decision-making method of tunnel engineering construction schedule based on visual simulation are presented. Furthermore, using S curve theory and schedule management method, the real-time management and control method of tunnel engineering construction based on visual simulation is presented. The application to the tunnel engineering construction schedule analysis and management shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method presented in this paper.

Choice and Simulation of Tax Rates in Resource Tax Reform

Resource tax reform will be done during China＇s 12m Five-Year Plan, but related research is still lacking. Here, we build a computable general equilibrium model （CGE） comprising the functional equations of production, consumption, income/expenditure and resources to analyze the resource tax rate. The model uses the valorem tax levy to simulate the impact of economic and resource systems with different resource tax rates, by referencing the expected rate ranges of China and developed countries. The results show that the impact is different for social, economic and resources of varying degrees. In the relatively stable period of economic development, we can select a tax rate of 5% to 7%; during higher economic development we can select an optional high level of resource tax; and in a fluctuating economy we can choose a lower tax level.

Resource Tax Reform:A Case Study of Coal from the Perspective of Resource Economics

Using the adjusted E1 Serafy user cost approach to estimate the depletion cost of coal resources, this paper demonstrates that user cost exists in the exploitation of China＇s coal resources and has increased rapidly with the substantial growth of coal output. It is necessary to levy a resource tax that reflects the real cost of coal resources. The results of our calculations show that from 1992 to 2009, the theoretical ad valorem coal tax rate determined in accordance with the user cost fluctuated between 2 and 14 percent. A further analysis of the impact of an ad valorem coal tax on the Chinese macroeconomy with a dynamic computable general equilibrium （CGE） model shows that a tax rate of 5-12 percent for coal resources would better reflect the cost of depletion of coal as a scarce resource, with the macroeconomic impact falling within the acceptable range. Therefore, resource tax reform is significant for China＇s sustainable development.

The Determinants of Location Choices of China＇s ODI： Institutions, Taxation and Resources

China has become the third largest source of outward direct investment （ODI）. This paper studies how institutions in the host countries affect the location choices of China＇s ODI. Based on a deal-level sample from 2002-2011, this paper empirically tests how political institutions, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and contrd of corruption in the host countries affect the location choices of China＇s ODI. On top of these institutional factors, we study the effects of tax evasion and natural resources in host countries, and their interactions with institutional factors. We find that political institutions in the host countries are not major concerns of the ODI, while government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and control of corruption have significant effects on the locations of ODI. In addition, China＇s ODI tends to avoid countries with strict legal systems. Tax evasion and resources are also major motives of China＇s ODI. General institutional quality and tax evasion are substitutes in China＇s ODI location decisions.

Strategic management in the establishment of a magnet hospital: A nursing staff perspective

Magnet hospital certification has a reputation for being one solution to nurse recruitment and retention. It is a matter of priority for hospitals to identify and enhance the basic organizational social structures which promote the development and maintenance of magnetism. A total of 436 valid self-administered questionnaires were collected from nurses. Paired sample t-tests, importance-performance gap analysis andANO-VAwere applied. The aims of this study were to investigate the key factors in and the gaps between nurses’ perceptions and hospital performance in areas contributing to magnetism. The results showed that Salary structure, welfare, and manpower deployment were the key forces of magnetism influencing nursing practice. Public and private hospitals showed significant differences in manpower deployment and nurse-patient relationships. Nurses who rotated shifts were more dissatisfied with their hospital scheduling system. Therefore, personnel policies and program are the primary forces in the development of a magnet hospital. Considering the demand for flexible scheduling of nurses, providing a supportive work environment, and keeping pace with today’s changing health care environment could achieve better outcomes for nurses, patients, and hospitals. These findings provide a reference to help set priorities for the implementation and development of effective strategies with limited resources. Public hospitals should take the lead in promoting magnet hospitals and set up reasonable salary systems, nursing workforce standards, and administrative support in order to attract and effectively retain nurses.

Geospatial Assessment for Sustainable Management of Mangroves in Kilifi Creek, Kenya

Mangroves are salt-tolerable trees that grow on zones parallel to the coastline along the creeks. They follow the mud flat accretions which are unvegetated areas consisting of sand or gravel that are either exposed or flooded by tides. They provide 70% of the wood requirement along the Kenyan Coast. Currently, there are no harvest plans of the mangroves and there is selective removal of suitable poles and most of the quality poles have been wiped out. This not only leaves the inferior species unsuitable for the market but also affects the quality of the forest. Moreover, areas that are suitable for mangroves growth have been occupied by human settlement and infrastructure, hence, there is a need of sustainable use of the mangroves so as to protect them from degradating and eventually extinction. To achieve this, geospatial techniques need to be employed in order to determine the spatial extent of the vegetation and devise methods and plans of managing them. The Kilifi Mangrove Forest creek is home to major six species: Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia alba J., Rhizophora mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. This study showed that the most dominant species in the forest is Avicenna Marina which had a percentage stand of 25.6%. The less dominant species Lumnitzera racemosa and Heritiera littoralis had a stand of 0.10% which were restricted for harvesting in the analysis, they need to be protected so as to prevent its extinction in the forest which will affect the biodiversity and richness of the forest. Density and heights of the mangroves were considered so as to decide on which areas to do reforestation in order to protect the forest and help in preventing soil erosion. The final suitable area for harvesting after carrying out conditional and majority filter was 394 acres which are 9% of the total forest area. The total area most suitable for reforestation is 1151 acres which are 27% of the total Kilifi Mangrove Forest. A recommendation for proper harvesting plans should be made by identifying suitable sites for harvesting and areas which showed low mangrove stand density should be identified and necessary measures should be taken to restore them.

PJM电力市场风险管控措施及对南方区域的建议

电力市场改革的深化对电网运行风险管控提出了新的要求。通过总结PJM(Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland)电力市场的风险管控策略,从两个方面分析其电力系统物理运行风险管控策略:包含长期、短期和实时的风险事故发生前措施,执行紧急中断与恢复的风险事故发生后措施;从日前的可靠性机组组合、与电能量市场联合优化的辅助服务市场、中长期的容量市场和输电权市场四个方面分析其基于电力市场的风险管控策略。并将其与南方电网现有风险管控措施相对比,提出了进行多时段风险评估、采取调度-市场相结合的管控风险手段、建设完备的市场体系、成立风险委员会等多方面建议。

Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds in Ruparel Watershed, Rajasthan Based on Morphometric and Land Use/Land Cover Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Watershed prioritization is considered as the most significant aspect in watershed resource management and development program. The present work attempts to prioritize seventeen sub-watersheds in Ruparel watershed of Alwar district of Rajasthan, India. For prioritization of sub-watersheds, morphometric and land use/land cover (LULC) analysis were performed using remote sensing and GIS. Base map of the study area has been derived from SOI toposheet on 1:50,000 scale whereas LULC mapping was done using IRS P6 LISS III data. Standard methods for drainage morphometry have been followed for computing morphometric parameters such as linear and shape for seventeen sub-watersheds and allotted ranks based on their relationship with erodibility and a compound value has been calculated for final ranking. Five main LULC categories were computed and were assigned priority ranks and subsequently a compound parameter was determined for final ranking. Integration of both morphometric and LULC results reveal that SBW5, SBW7, SBW12 and SBW16 are the common sub-watersheds that fall under high priority, SBW3 falls under Medium category and SBW11 comes under low priority. The results of the analysis can be used to identify the sub-watersheds which need immediate restoration and will eventually help in watershed resource management for sustainable development.

Several Ministries Released Mineral Resource Plan, Tax Reform for Mineral Resource will Make Progress

In order to adapt to market changes,speed up adjustment and transition&upgrading of mining industry structure,on November 29,the Ministry of Land and Resources joined the National Development and Reform Commission,the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,the Ministry of Finance,the Ministry of Environmental Protection,and the Ministry of Commerce。

关于水价、水权、水资源税费改革协同发力的思考

运用系统思维,深化水价形成机制、水权及水资源税改革,促进协同发力,是当前和今后一个时期深化水利改革的重点任务。文章在总结改革进展、分析新形势新要求的基础上,对水价、水权、水资源税费的基本属性、改革目的、重点内容进行理论解析,分析了三者间的耦合关系,提出了水价、水权、水资源税费改革协同发力的总体考虑和相关建议。