Research on Spatial Pattern and Its Industrial Distribution of Commercial Space in Mianyang Based on POI Data

The rational layout of urban commercial space is conducive to optimizing the allocation of commercial resources in the urban interior space. Based on the commercial POI (Point of Interest) data in the central district of Mianyang, the characteristics of urban commercial spatial pattern under different scales are analyzed by using Kernel Density Estimation, Getis-Ord , Ripley’s K Function and Location Entropy method, and the spatial agglomeration characteristics of various industries in urban commerce are studied. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution characteristics of commercial outlets in downtown Mianyang are remarkable, and show a multi-center distribution pattern. The hot area distribution of commercial outlets based on road grid unit is generally consistent with the identified commercial density center distribution. 2) The commercial grade scale structure has been formed in the central urban area as a whole, and the distribution of commercial network hot spots based on road grid unit is generally consistent with the identified commercial density center distribution. 3) From the perspective of commercial industry, the differentiation of urban commercial space “center-periphery” is obvious, and different industries show different spatial agglomeration modes. 4) The multi-scale spatial agglomeration of each industry is different, the spatial scale of location choice of comprehensive retail, household appliances and other industries is larger, and the scale of location choice of textile, clothing, culture and sports is small. 5) There are significant differences in specialized functional areas from the perspective of industry. Mature areas show multi-functional elements, multi-advantage industry agglomeration characteristics, and a small number of developing areas also show multi-advantage industry agglomeration characteristics.

Matching of Residential and Commercial Space in Shrinking Cities from the Perspective of Supply and Demand:A Case Study of Yichun City,China

Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems associated with urban shrinkage.The present study examines one typical shrinking city in China,specifically the Yichun District in Yichun City.To explore the matching relationship between residential and commercial spaces,this study analyzes supply and demand data,electricity consumption data and multi-source points of interest(POI)of residents.The results showed that the occupancy rate is not reduced in the context of urban shrinkage,and that the supply level of various commercial facilities is not in decline.Apart from leisure and entertainment facilities,the supply levels of catering,shopping and supporting facilities for life were noted to have improved.In reference to urban shrinkage,the matching relationship between residential and commercial space in the 5-min,10-min,and 15-min living circles mainly shifted to a highlevel equilibrium.The matching relationships between residential space and different types of commercial spaces change in both direction and magnitude.From the perspective of supply and demand,the spatial and temporal changes in the relationship relate to multiple factors,such as the level of economic development,the buiding age pattern,public transportation accessibility,aging,and residents’willingness to move.This study provides relevant data for managing urban shrinkage.It also helps improve the relationships between residential and commercial spaces and works to optimize the layout and structure of functional urban spaces.

Analysis of International CommercialSpace Market and Policy

At present,in the world the development of space is undergoing profound changes brought by commercial space,from the traditional government-driven development to the joint government and market promotion.This paper analyzes the current status of both foreign and domestic commercial space markets and policies,and then put forward the ideas and inspirations for the development of China’s commercial space market.

Reflection on Small Satellite Constellation Operations from the Commercial Space Perspective

With the advances of small satellite technology in commercial space sector,using small satellite networks to form a satellite constellation and conduct commercial operational services has entered into a vigorous phase of development.As small satellite technology develops,problems in the operations of small satellite constellations are also gradually emerging.These include ground measurement and operational control systems for small satellite constellations,the commercial operational mode,support and the guarantee of laws and regulations related to small satellites.This report discusses the development of commercial space small satellite operation industrialization,explores the small satellite operational modes and technological innovation,proposes the commercial space industry chain to build the industry ecology.At the same time,it looks forward to the integration of space and terrestrial communication.It also calls on relevant organizations of China to speed up the process of space legislation,formulate the relevant policies to encourage the operations of small satellites in commercial space sector,and push China’s commercial space to a new level.

Optimization Strategies of Urban Informal Commercial Space under Demand Orientation

Commercial behavior in towns and cities is mainly divided into formal and informal behavior.Rapid urbanization has enabled formal commerce to develop more and more perfectly in towns,basically meeting the living needs of residents. However, because of problems such as urban history and management mechanism, informal commercial behavior formed by floating stallholders and other employed people is widespread in towns. Due to the characteristics of instability, flexibility and richness,informal commerce has gradually developed into an important business to attract residents and tourists. In this paper, the general characteristics of informal commercial behavior in towns, the characteristics of the urban public space bearing this kind of commerce, and residents' demand for informal commercial space were summarized, and then the optimization strategies of this kind of public space were put forward to help towns make full use of their scattered space, create diversified commercial places, and add vitality to urban space while providing residents and tourists with daily life needs and convenience.

Evolution of Commercial Space near the Subway Stations of Community Type Based on Self-Organization Theory: A Case Study of Chengdu Wannianchang Subway Station

The subway stations of urban community type are not only main nodes in the urban traffic network, but also important places for peopled daily life. Widi the rapid development of urban metro and urban economy, the commercial space near tiie subway station has become the focus of urban planning and urban spatial development, and commercial self-oiganization pkys an important role in the development of commercial operations, commercial structures, and commercial scales, so how to make effective use of the inherent laws of the commercial space evolution, and further guide the rational development of community businesses needs more attention and research. This paper takes Chengdu Wannianchang Subway Station as an example to study the evolution stage, influencing factors, evolution characteristics and laws of the neatby commercial space. Moreover, suggestions were put forward such as coordinating competition and collaboration, optimizing space design and management, co-directional self-organization and heter-oiganizations, in order to provide a new reference for the healthy and ordedy development of the neighboring commefdal space near the subway stations of community type.

Research on Self-organized Commercial Streets in Urban Gap Space:A Case Study of Zhubao Street in Nanchang City

Due to the shortage of land resources caused by large-scale urban development and construction,old urban areas tend to become the generation places of urban gap space under the background of development and construction without focusing on the utilization of urban stock space.Under the impact of long-term development and new forces,especially the impact of commerce,cities will form self-organized commercial streets for sustainable development,showing the characteristics of disorder and vitality.Based on the urban gap and self-organized commercial street theory,the paper studies the gap space of Zhubao Street in Nanchang,and analyzes the theoretical factors of self-organized commercial street to discuss the characteristics and infl uence of gap space composition,hoping to fi nd out the effective strategy for renovation and renewal.

The Sound Environment Evaluation of Urban Commercial Space Users in Urban Commercial Area

With the globe getting highly internationalized, commercial activities have transformed from traditional buying and selling functions into more complicated functions. Thus, sounds coming from commercial activities are becoming much more multifarious, at the same time, more annoying. This is because of Taiwan’s special residence custom. In Taiwan, most people live in the residence commercial complex zoning, which means residents expose to the commercial activities noise in daily lives. In order to investigate residence commercial complex zoning sound environment from user’s point of view, there were 800 questionnaires handed round, and 273 questionnaires were replied. There are six evaluation factors in influencing molding commercial space sound environment. According to the users’ observation and experience, three factors play important roles in influencing users’ evaluation regarding sound environment design, including amenity(pleasant, comfortable or unpleasant, uncomfortable), vitality(active or inactive) , and atmosphere of warmth (warm or cold). In the regression analysis, amenity and volume(Leq) have a negative relationship(r=-0.558), which means volume is an important factor in commercial space sound environment molding. In the past, high volume amplifier system was applied extensively in commercial district to attract more crowds. However, amenity is declined under such noisy environment. It is a very important issue to study the trade off relationship between these two situations and improve noise problem in residence-commercial complex zoning.

A Passive Circuit of Battery Management Without Power Supply Designed for Commercial Space

Recently for lithium-ion batteries in satellites and spaceships,the Battery Management System(BMS)has become essential to enhance life and guarantee safety.However,most of the balance management circuits need complicated cell sensing and duty control modules.Such circuits are too costly to commercialize.In order to reduce the cost,weight,volume and energy consumption of BMS,this paper proposes a new battery management circuit.The designed circuit is passive and small in size.The charge voltage is regulated by increasing the bypass current through an adjustable reference chip.Experimental results show that the bypass current increases linearly if the charging voltage is in the range of 4.05 V to 4.2 V Also after several charge-discharge cycles,the differences between batteries visibly decrease.The proposed circuit is small in size,low in power con sumption and econo mical,making it ideal for commercial space.

基于CiteSpace的商业综合体公共空间研究现状综述

随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市居民生活逐渐由物质层面向精神层面延伸。为满足城市商业发展和消费者对商业空间的多元化需求,商业综合体公共空间研究成为重要方面。文章基于中国知网(CNKI)数据库,整理相关文献,运用CiteSpace知识图谱量化文献计量软件,总结2005—2023年该领域发文量变化、关键词及聚类图谱等要素,对该领域的研究趋势进行分析,以期为商业综合体公共空间设计提供参考。

Optimization Strategy of Commercial Space in Xianyukou Hutong Based on Kernel Density and Space Syntax

Beijing Xianyukou Hutong(hutong refers to historical and cultural block in Chinese)occupies an important geographical location with unique urban fabric,and after years of renewal and protection,the commercial space of Xianyukou Street and has gained some recognition.This article Xianyukou takes commercial hutong in Beijing as an example,spatial analysis was carried out using methods like GIS kernel density method,space syntax after site investigation and research.Based on the street space problems found,this paper then puts forward strategies to improve and upgrade Xianyukou Street’s commercial space and improve businesses in Xianyukou Street and other similar hutong.

A Preliminary Study on the Landscape Design of the External Space of Commercial Complexes: Taking Happy Harbor as an Example

With the development of urban construction in China and the improvement of living standards among urban residents,people today have higher requirements for space quality,and the development of urban commercial complexes has also become an important part of urban development.In this process,the functions of urban commercial complexes,in terms of culture,leisure,commerce,tourism,and office work,are gradually compounded.The integration of the commercial complex landscape with the urban environment shapes a place that provides more humanized services to the urban population.The landscape facilities in the commercial complex square are no longer just a foil,but they are constantly improved and optimized for the benefit of the crowd.Beginning from the exterior space of commercial complexes,this study investigates and analyzes the landscape design,and based on the external landscape distribution of Happy Harbor and the environment created by the landscape,this paper expounds the commercial landscape design and development of a more comprehensive and humanized commercial urban complex space landscape.

Global Commercial Space Markets

Space is becoming more accessible than ever before. Falling satellite manufacturing and launch costs have opened the door to new players to enter the market, disrupting the status quo. HTS and constellations have entered the market and will lead to a lot more capacity at a lower price. But how this capacity will be optimally distributed remains a significant challenge. Earth Observation(EO) and Big Data are also areas of interest that are gaining grounds thanks to projects of 100 s if not 1,000 s of satellites that will have a lasting effect on manufacturing and launch markets.

Global Commercial Space Markets

太空变得比以往任何时候都更容易进入。卫星制造和发射成本的下降打破了现有格局和状况,为新玩家进入市场打开了大门。高通量卫星和星座已进入市场,并将以更低价格带来更大的容量。但是,如何将容量优化分配仍然是一项重大挑战。对地观测和大数据也是令人关注的领域,得益于成百上千颗卫星项目,这些领域正在发展壮大,并将对制造和发射市场产生持久的影响。

Study on Spatial Characteristics of Commercial Stores

the issues on space design of commercial stores are the main social problems that people put forward to enjoy life after the development of the national market economy in recent period. Because of the restriction of space structure and brand culture, the design rules of commercial stores＇ space have made changes of times. Taking consumers as the main body, the space of commercial stores has gradually focused on humanization and characterization.

载人航天商业化的国际损害责任制度:困境与应对

载人航天商业化的发展需要平衡外层空间的公共性和商业载人航天的私营性,国际损害责任制度对管控商业载人航天的成本和风险至关重要。国际外空法对国际损害责任进行了一般性、原则性规定,部分航天国家在国内法中对商业载人航天的损害责任予以明确。基于外空领域的现有责任规则,构建国际损害责任制度面临着责任主体和索赔主体不明、过失作为例外要件存在不合理、国际保险标准难统一、责任分配制度待完善的困境。对此,可考虑通过关联性确认责任主体和索赔主体、对损害统一适用绝对责任、引入强制责任保险、形成双重责任制度,为国家载人航天商业化发展提供制度构建思路;同时,促进国际社会达成共识,推动人类命运共同体理念在外空领域的进一步实现。

国际空间站商业化发展研究

美国在建造和运营国际空间站过程中,大力发展商业载人航天,建立了较为成熟的商业模式。综述了国际空间站商业化发展背景、推进举措、实施效果。在国家层面,持续改革完善商业航天政策,美国第一至三号总统航天政策令中,要求相关政府机构改进对商业航天的监管,营造良好的发展环境;在管理层面,建立商业载人航天管理机制,开展商业货物运输和乘员运输,与空间科学促进中心签订协议管理空间站商业应用。国际空间站商业化相关做法取得了较好的效果,提升综合效益,同时也暴露出运输安全性、应用管理不到位相关问题,在研究国际空间站商业化发展的基础上,提出了建立健全商业化发展机制、健全完善商业应用管理体系、探索发展重点商业应用方向等方面的建议。

商业街区外部空间步行适宜性评价研究——以广州北京路为例

随着我国社会经济发展水平不断提高,人们对高品质城市公共空间需求日益增长。商业街区作为承载商业行为和公共活动的重要场所,其外部空间步行适宜性水平直接影响着街区发展潜力与行人活动体验。目前,国内外步行适宜性相关研究较少以商业街区外部空间为研究对象,且缺乏对具体空间环境的差异性量化表征。结合文献综述与广州地域特色,提出一种中微观尺度下外部空间步行适宜性评价方法,选取5个准则层指标和20个因子层指标构建评价体系,以广州北京路商业街区为实证案例,根据评价指标空间分布和作用范围进行综合量化分析,并针对现状问题提出优化设计策略。以期推动商业街区外部空间实现以人为本的高质量发展目标。

作为空间范畴的数字资本主义——基于资本主义发展史的考察

资本主义是一种创造更大空间生产的制度,空间是资本的存续之根。通过对资本主义发展历史的空间性考察,分析其在不同时期空间组织形式的变化,可以看到资本在国家空间形态的生产场域的运作中推动了世界性生产空间的形成。随着资本主义进入数字时代,数字资本主义的核心是生产资料和生产单位的数字空间化,数字空间化的媒介是数字平台。如果任由作为空间力量的资本主义无限制地发展下去,由数字资本主导人类文明的发展,资本主义就会利用数字生产力地发展,在不断制造和占有空间中实现物质与数字世界的双重统治。数字资本并非以数据为中心,而是以数字空间的布局为中心的资本发展形态。数字时代是人类创造一种新的文明形态的历史时代,需要立足于对数字资本主义的空间性考察,寻求实现人的空间解放的历史性力量。

乡村振兴背景下民族村寨空间商品化实践及路径探讨——基于重庆武隆区天池苗寨的调查

为了解乡村振兴路径和乡村资源转换,采用参与观察法和深度访谈法调查重庆武隆区天池苗寨空间商品化实践。天池苗寨经过修通道路、修复传统建筑、改观村容村貌、整理传统文化、申报传统村落等空间商品化前奏后,进一步采取农业资源置换旅游资产、整治公共环境、打造特色空间、发掘传统文化、发展沉浸体验非遗等措施,初步实现传统村落空间商品化。目前尚存在民宿统一设计缺乏民族个性和地方特色、整体空间欠缺规范化管理、空间内部缺乏产业集聚效应等问题。基于此,提出挖掘民宿特色、向主题化和品牌化发展、提高村民直接参与民宿经营与管理的积极性、统筹规划“民宿+”集群产业发展等建议。