Use of methotrexate in inflammatory bowel disease in 2014: A User's Guide

Methotrexate has been used an immunomodulator in many autoimmune diseases,including inflammatory bowel disease. However,many physicians are unfamiliar or uncomfortable with its use in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. We summarize the data for use of methotrexate in common clinical scenarios:(1) steroid dependant Crohn's disease(CD);(2) maintenance of remission in steroid free CD;(3) azathioprine failures in CD;(4) in combination therapy with Anti-TNF agents in CD;(5) decreasing antibody formation to Anti-TNF therapy in CD;(6) management of fistulizing disease in CD; and(7) as well as induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. An easy to use algorithm is provided for the busy clinician to access and safely prescribe methotrexate for their inflammatory bowel disease patients.

The Role of Teachers’Apperception in Herbart’s Theory for Chinese Teaching in Shenzhen Primary Schools of China

This paper deeply analyzes the practical application of Herbart’s educational concept in contemporary education and teaching,especially its guiding significance to the primary school Chinese classroom in Shenzhen area.Herbart proposed that teachers should play a key role in students’cognitive process,that is,help students better understand and master new knowledge by combining it with existing knowledge.The survey results show that although teachers have some understanding of Herbart’s educational philosophy,it is not widely used in the concrete teaching process.However,the study also shows that there is a positive relationship between Herbart’s theory and students’academic performance,indicating that it plays an important role in improving students’interest and engagement in learning.The research also reveals the differences between educational concepts and practices,as well as the uneven distribution of educational resources,and puts forward measures to alleviate these contradictions,such as strengthening teacher training,improving teaching methods,and emphasizing moral education.At the same time,the study also highlights the critical role of teachers in promoting knowledge integration,arousing learning enthusiasm,shaping students’moral character,and promoting personal and professional growth.

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Generic Framework for Context-Aware Communication Services in Visitor’s Guides

Ubiquitous computing plays an increasing role in our lives. Typically, applications in ubiquitous computing environ-ments are context aware, namely, they react to the situations of their users at a given moment in time. One example for such environment is visitor’s guides in cultural heritage sites, supporting visits of individuals or small groups, such as families or friends. In such environments, it is well known that interaction among visitors enhances the overall visit experience. Recently, some research prototypes of visitor’s guides have started supporting such interaction through textual communication services embedded in them. However, these applications have so far been developed separately in an ad-hoc manner, despite common features and infrastructures they share. The research described here generalizes communication services offered by different visitor’s guides and suggests a systematic and generic framework for developing context-aware communication services for visitor’s guides. The specific communication services are abstracted into a domain model, later used in practice for adapting and tailoring the different concepts to the specific requirements of the applications. The framework is demonstrated in the specific setting of a multi-agent museum visitor’s guide system. We also show that the suggested framework is not limited to the specific museum visitor’s guide system but may facilitate the development of context-aware communication applications in general.

Innovation Guides the Global Household Electrical Appliance Industry——an exclusive interview with Haier's Vice-president, Yu Zida

As we know, PACT (President's Advisory Committee on Future Technology) members of the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) used to be CTOs of large companies from only a few developed countries such as the United States, Germany and Japan. However, Haier Group has broken the ice since it entered the IEC/PACT commission in June 2005, lifting the curtain on international standardization of our national enterprises. And now, Haier is hosting the IEC/PACT annual conference in November 2007. Could you introduce it in detail?

A Survey into Teachers＇ Roles in Web-based College English Autonomous Learning

The paper, with the backdrop of web-based autonomous learning put forward by the recent college English teaching reform, aims to explore teachers＇ roles in this learning process in students＇ perception through the means of questionnaires and interviews. It further analyzes the possible reasons why students perceive their teachers＇ roles in such a way, in the hope of providing some implications for web-based college English autonomous learning.

改变导叶翼型对水泵水轮机“S”特性的影响

针对水泵水轮机“S”特性区域的不稳定性问题,提出使用改型活动导叶翼型进行性能提升.以某水泵水轮机模型为研究对象,采用SST k-ω湍流模型对水泵水轮机全流道进行三维数值计算,通过对活动导叶翼型的改型设计,得出流量-转速模拟曲线,分析水泵水轮机组“S”特性改善情况.将计算与试验结果进行对比,并对改型活动导叶翼型前后机组的无叶区进行压力脉动分析.结果表明:在保证整体效率依然保持在92%附近的前提下,新的活动导叶翼型对机组的“S”特性依旧具有改善效果;无叶区压力脉动主要是受到活动导叶叶栅区域的分流在此重新聚集影响,并且与转轮叶片的动静相互扰动引起的;改型后的活动导叶降低了无叶区的压力脉动幅值,提升了水泵水轮机运行中的并网稳定性.

On Teacher's Feedback from the Perspective of Communication

Classroom interaction involves many aspects,among which teacher's feedback is an important element.This paper aimes at studying teacher's feedback from the perspective of communication.It first discusses the definition of teacher's feedback and analyses the functions of teacher's feedback in the classroom interaction and then explores some strategies for effective feedback based on communication theory.

Vagueness in Teachers' Spoken Language

Politeness symbolizes human civilization,and is one of conduct codes of human beings.As a social activity,language use is subject to this code as well.Pragmatic vagueness is a common phenomenon in spoken discourse.Furthermore,it is an important strategy widely used in teachers' spoken language.Based on the politeness principle,this thesis explores the pragmatic vagueness by analyzing teachers' spoken discourse.Employing pragmatic vagueness in teacher's spoken language can smooth the relationship between teachers and students,and help teachers gain foremost effect on the education to their students.

从协同到求异:指向教师专业发展的U-S合作优化研究

U-S合作是教师专业发展的重要举措。审视U-S合作的历程可知,U-S合作致力于多方位促进教师专业发展,协同逐渐成为U-S合作促进教师专业发展的底层逻辑。随着合作的持续推进,这一底层逻辑在促进教师专业发展方面所潜在的矛盾也逐渐暴露出来。一方面,大学与中小学的文化差异阻碍了协同的深度发生;另一方面,为了实现大学与中小学的协同,双方不得不做出诸多的妥协,在妥协的语境下,中小学教师往往面临着主体性丧失的风险。与之相对,在求异这一核心理念的引领下,跨界学习旗帜鲜明地提出了“差异即资源”的主张,并通过互动场域的营造和互动系统的建构,为“差异即资源”提供了现实可能,也为优化U-S合作提供了新的思路。

Study on the Roles of a Teacher in College English Teaching Mode Based on the Internet

With the rapid development of modern technology and all-round reform in national college English teaching,Internet-Based teaching mode has become a new trend of college English teaching.Therefore,in the new teaching mode,the teacher should turn an inculcator into an instructor,facilitator and participant in teaching;a passive user of textbook into a dominant and modeler of courses;a planner of teaching specific tasks into an organizer of teaching process,a helper and shepherd of learning knowledge.

Two Necessary Elements of Being A Good Language Teacher

How to be a good language teacher has always been a hot topic in both academic and practical areas.This passage discusses about two elements which are important in the view of the author.A good lesson and the role of a teacher have been discussed in this passage.

Teacher's Role in the Oral English Class

English speaking has been paid more attention today, especially in the age of globalization. Teachers are attempting to find out more effective methods to enhance the teaching results of English speaking. Facing the great demands and present difficulties of oral English classes, teachers have to conduct more study and practice to find out what roles that an oral English teacher has to take in the oral English classroom. Compared with the traditional teaching role in the English classroom, an oral English teacher has to fulfill more than one role in the classroom teaching so as to provide better learning conditions for students. Lacking more exposure to the real interaction with native speakers, students expect the oral English teacher to be a creator of the language environment. With various teaching and learning activities in the oral English classroom, the teacher has to be a good organizer to ensure every student to achieve improvement. An oral English teacher also has to correct students'language errors while ensuring the smooth progress of the classroom teaching. Only when an oral English teacher make clear what roles he or she has to take in the classroom can he or she achieve effective teaching.

The Exploration of the Helpful Roles Teacher Can Play to Help non-English Major Students Improve Their English Writing

It is commonly known that writing is an advanced skill which is essential in language learning but at the same time the most difficult task for learners. This paper is with the aim to explore helpful roles that teacher can play to help non-English major students improve their English writing, so as to help improve their writing ability in the author's context.

An Analysis of Teacher's Professional Development of Higher Vocational Education

Teachers are the backbones of any educational institutions. They not only play vital roles in students' development;they also directly affect the stature of their respective scholastic organizations. Highly qualified instructors produce competent and well-rounded students— learners who are more than ready to face the quirks and challenges of the labor force. This paper primarily discusses the following questions: What is teacher's professional development? What is higher vocational teacher's professional development? And how can scholastic institutions promote it? The conclusion states that the characteristics of higher vocational education directly influence the higher vocational teacher's professional development; therefore, it must be nurtured and promoted for the development of all the stakeholders of learning institutions – students, teachers, management staff,the learning institution itself, and the nation as a whole.

经皮二氧化碳分压监测在硬质支气管镜下Feng′s EBUS-TBNB中的应用

目的:探讨经皮二氧化碳分压(transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PtcCO_(2))监测在硬质支气管镜下冯氏气管内超声引导纵隔切开活检(Feng′s endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial node biopsy,Feng′s EBUS-TBNB)中的应用。方法:收集2019年8月—2022年8月期间天津医科大学总医院收治的纵隔疾病患者128例,随机分成Feng′s EBUS-TBNB组和支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)组,患者均予高频喷射通气行硬质支气管镜下操作及PtcCO_(2)监测,EBUS-TBNA组患者行EBUS-TBNA,Feng′s EBUS-TBNB组患者行Feng′s EBUS-TBNB术,比较两组患者术前(T0)、通气开始时(T_(1))、通气10 min后(T_(2))、通气20 min后(T3)、通气30 min后(T_(4))、通气40 min后(T_(5))、通气50 min后(T_(6))、通气60 min后(T_(7))心率(heart rate,HR)、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)和PtcCO_(2)的变化。结果:T_(1)~T_(7)时,两组患者HR、MAP和PtcCO_(2)水平均明显高于T0时(P<0.05)。T0~T_(2)时,两组患者HR、MAP和PtcCO_(2)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T3~T_(5)时,Feng′s EBUS-TBNB组HR、MAP和PtcCO_(2)水平均明显高于EBUS-TBNA组(P<0.05);而T_(6)~T_(7)时,两组患者HR、MAP和PtcCO_(2)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:将PtcCO_(2)应用于Feng′s EBUS-TBNB中,可间接反映患者HR、MAP水平变化,值得临床推广应用。

Teachers＇ role in vocabulary teaching： Strategies for vocabulary teaching

Much research has been done on how to help students to improve their language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, but how to help students with the acquisition of vocabulary which is essential to the development of language skills has been neglected. This paper is an attempt to explore the teacher＇s role in helping students with vocabulary acquisition. Word knowledge is discussed, selection of words to be taught, techniques for presentation and strategies for self-learning.

On the Reconstruction of Teachers’Role of Business English Reading Classroom Teaching Based on Literature Circle

Business English reading teaching under the mode of“literature circles”focuses on cultivating students’autonomy in reading,group cooperation,and the exchange of ideas among group members.In this teaching mode,teachers are no longer the masters of the reading classroom,but the helpers,participants,and researchers in the process of students’reading.The reconstruction of teachers’role can promote the benign development of relationship not only between teachers and students,but also between students and students,inject new impetus and vitality into the classroom,and improve students’reading literacy.

Strategies on Promoting Transformative Learning of College English Teachers

Based on the previous case study in promoting transformative learning of college English teachers,who participated in a three-month online training courses,the article made a further research and concluded four strategies on promoting transformative learning of college English Teachers.