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Parental Educational Expectations,Academic Pressure,and Adolescent Mental Health:An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Survey Data 被引量:1
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作者 Tao Xu Fangqiang Zuo Kai Zheng 《International Journal of Mental Health Promotion》 2024年第2期93-103,共11页
Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based ... Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development. 展开更多
关键词 parental educational expectations academic pressure adolescent mental health problems
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Childbirth expectations and correlates at the final stage of pregnancy in Chinese expectant parents
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作者 Xian Zhang Hong Lu 《International Journal of Nursing Sciences》 2014年第2期151-156,共6页
Purpose:To explore the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents during their transition to parenthood.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used through the Chinese version of the Childbirth Exp... Purpose:To explore the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents during their transition to parenthood.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used through the Chinese version of the Childbirth Expectations Questionnaire.A total of 240 expectant parents were recruited when they were admitted to the obstetric units waiting for delivery at a large Maternal and Child Health care Center in Beijing,and 210 couples completed the questionnaires,yielding a response rate of 87.5%.Results:The expectant parents had a high level of childbirth expectations towards caregiving environment,spousal support,control and participation and medical support.Conversely,their expectations toward labor pain and their own ability to cope with the pain were relatively low.Expectant fathers’childbirth expectations and preference of partner’s accompany were two significant predictors of expectant mothers’childbirth expectations,explaining 18.9%and 3.3%of the total variance,respectively.While expectant mothers’childbirth expectations was the only significant predictor of expectant fathers’childbirth expectations.Conclusion:This study adds to understanding of the childbirth expectations of Chinese expectant parents.It is suggested that maternity healthcare providers pay close attention to the childbirth expectations of expectant parents,and improve the nursing care service to promote positive childbirth experiences and satisfaction of expectant parents. 展开更多
关键词 Childbirth expectation CHINESE expectant parents Maternity care
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Views of Parents and Teachers on Ways to Improve the Primary School’s Response to Children with Chronic Diseases
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作者 Stavros Stavrou Loukia Demetriou 《Psychology Research》 2021年第2期74-86,共13页
Many children with chronic diseases attend regular classes in public elementary schools,and their various needs are becoming a great challenge for the school and the educational system.Parents and teachers have the ca... Many children with chronic diseases attend regular classes in public elementary schools,and their various needs are becoming a great challenge for the school and the educational system.Parents and teachers have the care giving responsibility for these children,but they do not always have the support or the means to meet those needs.Therefore,the school faces significant difficulties in responding to the challenge of attending to students with chronic diseases.This study’s purpose is to assess,through an exploratory approach,the opinions of parents and teachers regarding what they consider to be the basic needs of the school to improve its response to the challenge of chronic diseases.Our methodology is qualitative,and we conducted interviews with 28 parents and teachers during the school year 2019-2020.We analyzed our data by applying the Thematic Content Analysis method.According to our findings,parents and teachers believe that if the teachers receive proper training on chronic diseases and specialists are integrated into schools,the response to the challenge will improve dramatically. 展开更多
关键词 COUNSELING Chronic diseases Education Elementary school parents teachers
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Teachers' Expectation Wisdom on Students' Academic Achievements
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作者 GUO Lijun 《International English Education Research》 2017年第3期98-99,共2页
This paper intends to find out a series of efficient methods to improve success of students about academic achievements by adjusting teaches' expectation .by presenting several factors that deserve consideration in a... This paper intends to find out a series of efficient methods to improve success of students about academic achievements by adjusting teaches' expectation .by presenting several factors that deserve consideration in analyzing teacher expectant, we further set forth teachers' expectation effect on success of students and give some suggestion for teachers. 展开更多
关键词 teachers expectation wisdom academic achievements of students influence
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Are there differences between the expectations of parents, nurses and physicians when using music in NICU?
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作者 Polkki Tarja Korhonen Anne +2 位作者 Saarela Timo Peltoniemi Outi Laukkala Helena 《Open Journal of Nursing》 2012年第3期215-221,共7页
This paper aimed to describe and explain the expectations concerning the use of music in NICU from the viewpoints of parents, nurses and physicians. The relevant questionnaires were distributed to 836 participants who... This paper aimed to describe and explain the expectations concerning the use of music in NICU from the viewpoints of parents, nurses and physicians. The relevant questionnaires were distributed to 836 participants who were recruited from the country’s five university hospitals (n = 508, response rate 61). Slightly over half of the participants preferred recorded music versus live music in the NICU. They strongly expected that their preferred music could be beneficial both for the infants, parents and staff. The parents agreed most that live music is the most suitable choice for infants (p < 0.001), and that the music could especially benefit the infant (p < 0.001) and parents (p < 0.001) compared with the nurses’ and physicians’ preferences. Some background details such as age, average length of time listening to music, musical training and experiences of using music provided significant explanations for the participants’ expectations. In conclusion, there were significant differences between the groups of the respondents concerning the type of the preferred music and its expected effects. This highlights the importance of discussion with the caregivers when taking music into regular use in the neonatal intensive care units. 展开更多
关键词 MUSIC Neonatal Intensive Care parents Health Care Providers expectations
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Teacher Expectations for Student Learning in the Classroom 被引量:1
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作者 Chunmei Li Wujin Duan 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2005年第4期12-19,共8页
This paper is a discussion of the issues about teacher expectations for students' learning in the classroom. The discussion mainly focuses on such topics as the types of expectation effects, the sources of teacher ex... This paper is a discussion of the issues about teacher expectations for students' learning in the classroom. The discussion mainly focuses on such topics as the types of expectation effects, the sources of teacher expectations and the communication of teacher expectations. It is concluded that teacher expectations do play an important role in classroom teaching and learning, and therefore some suggestions are made for the peer teachers. 展开更多
关键词 teacher expectations Pygmalion effect classroom teaching and learning
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Study of Effect of Teacher Expectation on Students English Learning Ability
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作者 ZHANG Xichang 《International English Education Research》 2016年第6期110-112,共3页
With the more frequent international communication, to enhance students English learning ability is a very important target in modem English education, n this study ,to promote students' English learning ability as a... With the more frequent international communication, to enhance students English learning ability is a very important target in modem English education, n this study ,to promote students' English learning ability as a point of penetration ,from the perspective of psychology ,sociology and pedagogy ,based on the teacher expectation effect theory researching methods to practice and exploring at the micro level of classroom teaching ,demonstrating the relationship of positive and inverse between teacher expectation and students' English learning ability and to explore the feasibility strategies to enhance students' English learning ability finally. 展开更多
关键词 learning ability English ability teacher expectation
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Reaching for the Gold Standard: Metaphors and Good University Teachers 被引量:1
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作者 Lixian JlN Martin CORTAZZI 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 2020年第2期131-149,249,共20页
This article considers "good" teachers in the context of current developments in universities in China to reach a "gold standard" of considerably higher and more challenging levels of teaching and ... This article considers "good" teachers in the context of current developments in universities in China to reach a "gold standard" of considerably higher and more challenging levels of teaching and learning. We outline this context and consider concepts of good teachers in classical Chinese traditions and more recent Western thinking as a possible dialogue within and between cultures of learning. Using cognitive and cultural linguistic perspectives, we analyze metaphorical concepts of "gold" in "the gold standard" as related to teachers. We report our applied metaphor research which analyzes Chinese students’ expectations, values and beliefs about good university language teachers;this presents a rich picture beyond developing knowledge, skills and understanding to include strong social and moral characteristics. Other aspects which recognize the complexity of "good" teachers show a student appreciation of teachers’ tireless effort, devotion and selfless sacrifice: these aspects are absent in many discussions of good teachers. The participant-centered picture from elicited metaphor analysis is part of students’ "cultures of learning," but this should be developed culturally for the gold standard through further teacher development and student engagement. In line with interaction in cultures of learning, we indicate some classroom ways to extend students’ thinking through scaffolding teacher-student interaction based on textbook activities. 展开更多
关键词 university Gold Standard elicited metaphor analysis "good"teachers expected teacher characteristics
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Mother’s need of support and their expectations of the BVC nurse at the first home visit—an interview study
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作者 Margareta Wilsson Annsofie Adolfsson 《Open Journal of Nursing》 2011年第3期51-58,共8页
One of the main priorities of the child healthcare services in Sweden is a home visit by the Child Health Care (BVC) nurse to newborn babies and their parents. It is essential that the BVC nurses have a comprehensive ... One of the main priorities of the child healthcare services in Sweden is a home visit by the Child Health Care (BVC) nurse to newborn babies and their parents. It is essential that the BVC nurses have a comprehensive knowledge of the parent’s need of support and their expectations as new parents in order to be able to fulfill their needs. The aim of this study was to describe what type of support the mothers of infant children are in need of and what their expectations are of the BVC nurse when it is time for the home visit from the nurse. In this qualitative study twelve women were interviewed within one to two weeks after delivering a baby. The transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The study shows that mothers who have previously given birth to children feel more secure in their parental role compared to what they experienced as first time mothers. The findings include that first time mother’s experienced uncertainty in their new role as a mother and caring for a baby. Parents seek support from the BVC nurse and they expect her behavior and attitude towards them to be friendly and professional. The fact that she is privy to personal knowledge of the family gives the parents a feeling of security when they contact the child healthcare center for various reasons. The mother’s need for support to develop as a parent and to feel secure in the parental role was a reoccurring theme in the interviews and became the theme of the study. 展开更多
关键词 parents SUPPORT expectations CHILD Health NURSE Home VISIT
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Parents of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as Co-therapists: The Therapists’ View
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作者 Angelique Kotsopoulou Ermioni Papadaki +9 位作者 Irene Florou Antigoni Troupou Dimitra Kolosioni Anastasia Georgiou Maria Gyftogianni Aikaterini Gyftogianni Athina Iliopoulou Eleonora Paleodimou Marigo Sakellari Efthimia Koumanioti 《Psychology Research》 2021年第2期44-55,共12页
Studies on the evaluation by therapists of parental behavior towards their children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD)and towards the therapists of their children are scarce.They are necessary,however,for enabling p... Studies on the evaluation by therapists of parental behavior towards their children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD)and towards the therapists of their children are scarce.They are necessary,however,for enabling parents to become co-therapists.The present study’s purpose was the evaluation by therapists of the behavior of parents towards their children,of their relationship to therapists,and therapy outcome.The sample consisted of 178 parents of 89 children(72 boys)with ASD,who underwent intensive early intervention at a day centre for developmental disabilities.The professional team completed a questionnaire,separately for the mother and father,evaluating the parental attitude towards their children and towards the therapists.The behavior of parents was less satisfactory than expected.The fathers had difficulties in understanding their child’s problems,and had unrealistic expectations;mothers’behavior towards their children and therapists was better than the fathers’.Mothers had difficulty mostly in the management of the child’s behavior,and did not do well with feeding.It might be difficult for every parent to become co-therapist.Understanding the child’s difficulties by the mother,adequate handling of feeding and homework,were statistically significant in the good outcome of therapy. 展开更多
关键词 Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD) parents co-therapists stress expectations collaboration homework
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A Teacher and a Parent
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《中学英语园地(八九年级适用)》 2002年第Z1期14-14,共1页
Teacher:Mrs Jones,your son is a constant trouble-maker(惹事生非的人).
关键词 惹事生非 A teacher and a parent
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重新审视“好”父母:密集型育儿及其对儿童青少年发展的影响 被引量:1
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作者 邓林园 唐逸文 +1 位作者 邹盛濠 李蓓蕾 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第4期57-68,共12页
经过近一个世纪的发展,“密集型育儿”已成为当代社会主流的育儿范式和理想标准,但它并非“完美无缺”。本文以密集型育儿的态度与行为作为框架,对密集型育儿给儿童青少年发展带来的复杂影响进行了研究综述。已有实证证据表明,当密集型... 经过近一个世纪的发展,“密集型育儿”已成为当代社会主流的育儿范式和理想标准,但它并非“完美无缺”。本文以密集型育儿的态度与行为作为框架,对密集型育儿给儿童青少年发展带来的复杂影响进行了研究综述。已有实证证据表明,当密集型育儿达到一定水平时,父母更多的投入和参与不仅不会带来更多增益,还可能在多个方面产生消极影响,且这些影响也会受到阶层、性别和文化的调节。密集型育儿给儿童和父母自身都带来了一定风险,未来研究可以从中国本土化的视角对密集型育儿的影响机制进行更为系统深入的研究。 展开更多
关键词 密集型育儿 父母教养方式 父母教育期望 父母教育投资 父母教育参与 儿童青少年发展
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价值预期与价值赋予:高校教师劳动关系的匹配博弈模型
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作者 李志峰 张柯 《教师教育学报》 2024年第1期111-120,共10页
在市场化转型时期,高校教师劳动关系的深层逻辑是不同价值间的博弈。价值预期体现为劳动主体在意识层面对价值回报的判断与预估;价值赋予表现为制度对劳动过程的支持程度。基于劳动价值论与制度价值论,对人、劳动价值与制度之间的关系... 在市场化转型时期,高校教师劳动关系的深层逻辑是不同价值间的博弈。价值预期体现为劳动主体在意识层面对价值回报的判断与预估;价值赋予表现为制度对劳动过程的支持程度。基于劳动价值论与制度价值论,对人、劳动价值与制度之间的关系进行深入剖析,以价值赋予与价值预期为横纵坐标,构建基于价值博弈的高校教师劳动关系博弈模型。从模型中发现,高校教师劳动关系有4种基本类型关系:高价值预期与高价值赋予;高价值预期与低价值赋予;低价值预期与高价值赋予;低价值预期与低价值赋予。通过质性访谈检验发现:当人、劳动价值与制度之间的关系相互协调时,以高价值预期与高价值赋予为代表的“双高”类型是劳动关系中的最优博弈类型;反之,则可能出现劳动关系的稳定性缺陷。这由此反映出“人与制度”的伴生性问题。因此,建立高校教师和谐劳动关系需要强化人、劳动价值与制度之间的内在共生逻辑,以及扭转价值失序局面,从而回归价值理性,提升价值赋予与价值预期的适配性。 展开更多
关键词 高校教师 劳动关系 价值预期 价值赋予 稀缺性资源 博弈困境
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基于家园矛盾分析的幼儿园亲师沟通质量评价指标构建研究
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作者 秦旭芳 张雪 杨蕊 《陕西学前师范学院学报》 2024年第9期86-95,共10页
为提升幼儿园教师与家长之间的沟通质量,高效解决家园矛盾的困境,本研究基于家园矛盾分析构建亲师沟通质量评价指标,为幼儿园教师及管理者提供一份具有可操作性的评价工具。运用访谈法,问卷调查法对全国东北地区、华东地区、华中地区、... 为提升幼儿园教师与家长之间的沟通质量,高效解决家园矛盾的困境,本研究基于家园矛盾分析构建亲师沟通质量评价指标,为幼儿园教师及管理者提供一份具有可操作性的评价工具。运用访谈法,问卷调查法对全国东北地区、华东地区、华中地区、华南地区以及西北地区总计1621名幼儿园教师及家长进行调研。通过项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、信效度检验,对基于家园矛盾分析的幼儿园亲师沟通质量评价指标结构进行探索与验证,最终构建包含主体共识、信息开放、情感表露、情境控制、效果反馈5个一级指标以及18个二级指标的亲师沟通质量评价指标。 展开更多
关键词 亲师沟通质量 家园矛盾 评价指标
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美国唤醒家庭参与STEM教育的实践路径研究——以“STEM+家庭项目”为例
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作者 赵澜波 《比较教育学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第5期74-90,共17页
2013年始,美国国家家长教师协会开始关注STEM教育的发展状况,发现家庭缺少参与STEM教育的意识和机会,部分少数族裔的儿童不能进入STEM领域,以及缺少职业生涯机会等不平等现象。在国家呼吁全社会参与STEM教育的政策氛围下,国家家长教师... 2013年始,美国国家家长教师协会开始关注STEM教育的发展状况,发现家庭缺少参与STEM教育的意识和机会,部分少数族裔的儿童不能进入STEM领域,以及缺少职业生涯机会等不平等现象。在国家呼吁全社会参与STEM教育的政策氛围下,国家家长教师协会提出STEM+家庭项目,研发项目具体活动和操作指南、营造STEM的学习环境、引领家庭参与STEM教育。依据政策工具,结合《新一代科学教育标准》分析发现,STEM+家庭项目在理论和实践中形成了一个三维的结构模型,在支持和补充国家政策、支持家庭参与STEM学习、形成社会支持家庭STEM学习模式三个方面起到了积极作用。针对国内STEM教育研究与实践大多局限在学校教育领域这一现状,我们需要重新认识学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育之间的关系以及社会组织和企业对STEM人才培养的重要作用。 展开更多
关键词 美国国家家长教师协会 STEM教育 家庭教育 社会教育
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羞怯对初中生学业拖延的影响:教师期望知觉与自我价值感的中介作用
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作者 陈英敏 孙长林 +3 位作者 夏豆豆 郑元华 胡永祺 张海 《心理科学》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期606-613,共8页
为考察羞怯与学业拖延的关系,采用问卷法对920名初中生进行测查。结果发现:(1)羞怯与初中生学业拖延显著正相关,与教师期望知觉、自我价值感显著负相关;教师期望知觉与自我价值感显著正相关,且两者均与学业拖延显著负相关。(2)羞怯不仅... 为考察羞怯与学业拖延的关系,采用问卷法对920名初中生进行测查。结果发现:(1)羞怯与初中生学业拖延显著正相关,与教师期望知觉、自我价值感显著负相关;教师期望知觉与自我价值感显著正相关,且两者均与学业拖延显著负相关。(2)羞怯不仅可以直接影响初中生学业拖延,还可以通过教师期望知觉和自我价值感的单独中介与链式中介对学业拖延产生影响。 展开更多
关键词 羞怯 学业拖延 教师期望知觉 自我价值感 初中生
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幼儿园教师亲师关系定位偏差与调整:基于家园合作的分析
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作者 冯婉桢 席晋阳 《教师发展研究》 2024年第3期96-101,共6页
正确定位亲师关系是开展家园合作的前提。平等对话是亲师关系的基础,以幼儿为纽带的情感联结是亲师关系的内核。当前幼儿园亲师关系存在定位偏差,表现为服务关系、隶属关系、事务关系、个人关系四种类型,给家园合作带来了一定的负面影... 正确定位亲师关系是开展家园合作的前提。平等对话是亲师关系的基础,以幼儿为纽带的情感联结是亲师关系的内核。当前幼儿园亲师关系存在定位偏差,表现为服务关系、隶属关系、事务关系、个人关系四种类型,给家园合作带来了一定的负面影响。幼儿园教师应从亲师互动入手调整亲师关系,促进家园合作。具体而言,教师要明确教育合作目的,增加与家长的教育互动;通过平等对话推进合作,减少合作风险;理解家长的合作表现,降低家长的合作成本;提供具体的家庭教育指导,增加家长的合作收益;致力建设积极型家长团队,改善双方的合作环境。 展开更多
关键词 幼儿教育 亲师关系 家园合作
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交叠影响域视角下父母疏离对中职生生涯适应力的影响——一个有调节的双中介模型
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作者 温义媛 《职教论坛》 北大核心 2024年第11期53-61,共9页
为探讨交叠影响域视角下父母疏离对中职生生涯适应力的影响及其作用机制,采用青少年依恋量表中文版、生涯适应力量表、学生感知教师支持行为量表、同伴支持量表和认知融合量表,对1 269名中职生进行了问卷调查。结果发现:父母疏离与生涯... 为探讨交叠影响域视角下父母疏离对中职生生涯适应力的影响及其作用机制,采用青少年依恋量表中文版、生涯适应力量表、学生感知教师支持行为量表、同伴支持量表和认知融合量表,对1 269名中职生进行了问卷调查。结果发现:父母疏离与生涯适应力、教师支持、同伴支持均呈显著负相关,与认知融合呈显著正相关;教师支持和同伴支持在中职生父母疏离与生涯适应力之间起着并行中介作用,且教师支持的中介作用大于同伴支持;认知融合可调节同伴支持与中职生生涯适应力之间的关系,但不可调节教师支持与中职生生涯适应力之间的关系。因此,中等职业学校应综合考虑家庭、教师、同伴以及个体心理等多重因素,形成一个全方位、多角度的教育支持体系,以有效提升中职生的生涯适应力。 展开更多
关键词 父母疏离 生涯适应力 教师支持 同伴支持 认知融合 中职生
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新时代中小学课后服务的现实困境与突围路径——基于河北省中小学课后服务现状调研数据的分析
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作者 王静 刘月霞 李晶 《石家庄学院学报》 CAS 2024年第5期153-160,共8页
“双减”政策后,课后服务作为缓解家长接送困难、减轻学生作业负担、治理校外培训的重要抓手再次被提升到了新的政策高度,并成为社会各界共同关注的热点议题。调研发现,目前河北省中小学课后服务还存在延时政策执行不力、师资结构单一... “双减”政策后,课后服务作为缓解家长接送困难、减轻学生作业负担、治理校外培训的重要抓手再次被提升到了新的政策高度,并成为社会各界共同关注的热点议题。调研发现,目前河北省中小学课后服务还存在延时政策执行不力、师资结构单一、经费来源不够稳定且各地差异较大、内容存在短板、激励方式欠合理、政策宣导不到位等现实问题。为此,可采取以下措施:厘清课后服务属性,达成政策共识;动员多主体参与,形成家—校—社合力;扩大经费来源,合理分担课后服务成本;补齐内容短板,满足学生全面发展需要;多形式激励教师,缓解教师职业倦怠;加强政策宣导执行,增进家长理解认同。 展开更多
关键词 中小学课后服务 教师 家长 现实困境
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家师关系与小学生学校态度:师生关系的中介作用及父母差异 被引量:2
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作者 李妍 梁丽婵 +1 位作者 周欣然 边玉芳 《心理发展与教育》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第1期74-82,共9页
良好的家师关系是家校合作的基础,有利于形成教育合力、促进学生全面发展。研究对北京1366名小学四年级学生及其父母进行连续两年的测查,旨在探讨师生关系在家师关系对小学生学校态度影响间的中介作用,并分析父母差异。结果发现:(1)父... 良好的家师关系是家校合作的基础,有利于形成教育合力、促进学生全面发展。研究对北京1366名小学四年级学生及其父母进行连续两年的测查,旨在探讨师生关系在家师关系对小学生学校态度影响间的中介作用,并分析父母差异。结果发现:(1)父亲和母亲报告的家师关系质量均能负向预测学校回避,家师联系频率均能负向预测学校喜欢;(2)母亲报告的家师关系质量能正向预测学校喜欢、家师联系频率能正向预测学校回避,而父亲报告的这两条路径均不显著,存在父母差异;(3)师生关系在父亲和母亲报告的家师关系质量对学校喜欢和学校回避的影响中均起中介作用。 展开更多
关键词 家师关系质量 家师联系频率 师生关系 学校态度 父母差异
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