Research on the Application of Chinese-Style Songs in the Field of Chinese Second Language Teaching

In recent years,traditional Chinese culture has been continuously revived,integrated into the times and entered people’s daily lives.Chinese-style songs,as a combination of traditional cultural connotations and emerging song forms,have gradually emerged on the music stage in China and even around the world.In the field of teaching Chinese as a second language,the research on teaching Chinese songs has received increasing attention.This article combines the theory of the association between music and language to summarize the research results of Chinese-style songs and their application in the field of teaching Chinese as a second language in the past 30 years.The current research problems are discussed,and suggestions are proposed in order to provide some reference value for teaching Chinese as a second language.

Applying Nearpod to the Teaching Chinese as a Second Language Class to Enhance Interactions and Collaborations in the Secondary Schools

The quick spread of the epidemic since 2019 together with fast advancing of technology has exposed teachers to online education,including Teaching Chinese as a Second Language(TCSL)classrooms.Some Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)teachers were reluctant to utilize technology tools in their teaching due to the lack of technological knowledge.Thus,this study designed a CSL curriculum with the lens of the TPACK framework(Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge).Nearpod was specifically adopted as a web-based technology tool to support the teaching Chinese language due to its powerful functions provided.Nearpod allows teachers to design interactive activities in multiple ways to facilitate interactions and collaboration in the CSL learning process.This paper aimed to help Chinese teachers improve their understanding of how to effectively integrate technology into CSL teaching.Chinese teachers will develop a deeper comprehension of distance teaching from the perspectives of technology,pedagogy,and content knowledge,enhance students’deeper learning,and promote interaction and collaboration in L2 class.The effective use of the technology can develop language skills in a meaningful context knowledge with the guidance of pedagogical content knowledge.

On the Cognition of Second Language Mental Lexicon and Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

Teaching Chinese as a foreign language is actually the teaching of Chinese as a second language by international Chinese teachers.People must learn vocabulary as a language element in the process of language acquisition.Without vocabulary,there is no language.When we master the vocabulary of a language,we rely on mental lexicon,which is vocabulary that has been stored in the brain for a long time.Through the study of second language mental lexicon,it can be used effectively,and corresponding teaching methods can be used in the vocabulary teaching of Chinese as a foreign language to help students learn Chinese quickly and effectively.

A Study on the Compilation of Dictionaries for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language Based on the Second Language Acquisition Theory

This article intends to demonstrate the principles for dictionary compilation.To summarize,general rules are to be followed.At the same time,this article probes into the differences of Chinese to Chinese dictionary,Chinese to foreign language dictionary,dictionaries for the preparation of certain exams,learner’s dictionaries for reviewing errors,dictionaries with multimedia and dictionaries built via the Internet..In all,one of the key factors for dictionary compilation is the professionalism of editors and writers.The training of the people involved is vital,which would contribute to setting up a better order of the market.Acknowledgements should also be given to achievements in dictionary compilation.Revisions and polishing are required to improve the dictionaries on the market that have already won the acclaim so as to put their influence to the best display.

A Study of Vocabulary Teaching in Junior Comprehensive TCSL Courses

Vocabulary teaching is an integral part of teaching Chinese as a second language(TCSL).Based on a collection and analysis of words that foreign students at the junior level usually get wrong,①this paper suggests that TCSL teachers should make sure that new words in textbooks are explained accurately and foresee the words that students may misunderstand during vocabulary teaching.In addition to conceptual meanings,they should analyze and explain affiliated meanings,grammatical functions,and common collocations with other words through typical sentence examples.They should also pay attention to the potential role played by the semantic transparency of words in understanding,acquiring,and selecting the meanings of such words.The teaching of separable words should focus on their pragmatic forms.Simple conversations can be made to strengthen students’memorization,while quantifiers can be taught via their etymology to help students develop a reasonable understanding of the collocation rules between quantifiers and corresponding nouns.

Introduction to Special Column “Chinese as a Second Language Learning and Teaching”

Chinese as a second language （CSL） policy makers and scholars began to introduce task-based language teaching （TBLT） to CSL teaching more than a decade ago. However, policy innovations or theoretical precepts are not necessarily the blueprints of teachers＇ classroom practice. It is assumed that teachers are more likely to accept or apply the new approach if the new philosophy is concordant with their existing beliefs. This study attempts to examine the prospect of TBLT application in CSL teaching by exploring the extent to which TBLT philosophy has found its way into CSL teachers＇ beliefs. The research also probes into teachers＇ practices to explore whether their beliefs in TBLT could be actualized. A questionnaire, classroom observations and interviews have been employed. The results indicate that the Chinese teachers have strong faith in the effectiveness of TBLT, but they doubt its feasibility. Their difficulties and confusion in realizing their beliefs in practice, in turn, lead to their faith in TBLT philosophy having a peripheral status in their belief system. This may imply the bi-directional causal relationships between teachers＇ beliefs and practices. The factors revealed make clear the responsibilities or measures to be taken at social-cultural, institutional and internal levels. The findings generate empirical insights into implementations of pedagogical innovations.

A Review of Research on Technology-Assisted Teaching and Learning of Chinese as a Second or Foreign Language from 2008 to 2018

More and more studies are examining the use of technology in the teaching of Mandarin Chinese as a second or foreign language(L2 Chinese).The current study involved a systematic review of the literature in the field published outside China from 2008 to 2018.A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria.The current review study aimed:(1)to examine the research topics and technologies used in the literature;(2)to identify the benefits of,and challenges involved in,the use of technologies in L2 Chinese teaching and learning;and(3)to suggest implications for practitioners and directions for further research.The review study provides educators and researchers with an overview of recent developments in this field,which could be helpful in informing teaching practice and further research.

The Teaching and Learning of Chinese as a Second or Foreign Language:The Current Situation and Future Directions

In this opening commentary,we highlight the development of the teaching and learning of Chinese as a second or foreign language(CSL/CFL),which has attracted much attention from researchers,language educators,and other stakeholders worldwide.To contribute to this ongoing examination and discussion,this special issue documents the collective efforts of scholars in different educational contexts to review six critical issues in teaching and learning CSL/CFL:learning and instruction of reading Chinese as an additional language,Chinese character teaching and learning,learner identity in CSL/CFL education,teaching and learning Chinese through immersion,technology assisted CSL/CFL teaching and learning,and mobile assisted learning CFL.We contend that all efforts to address these critical issues require constant examination to facilitate further development in CSL/CFL education around the world.

Producing Podcasts in a Chinese Classroom: A Digital Humanities Project

This action research which situates itself in the context of Digital Humanities focuses on engaging students of Introductory Chinese course with an assignment to create podcasts in the form of an interview.Requiring students to integrate the aural,oral,and textural information via technology so as to carry a conversation with an interlocutor challenges them to convey their thoughts from the language they think in into meaningful ideas using the target language.In this way,students are“pushed”to convert their listening,speaking,and writing from being isolated components into a more dynamic and cohesive mode of communicating.As they explore expressing their ideas in the language they are learning,they develop the skills and sensibility needed to critically analyze their own work.Although limited in scale,the podcast format urges students to transform what they need to learn into a familiar product.

互动语言学在汉语二语教学中的应用:理论基础与实践设计

二语教学是互动语言学极有发展前景的一个研究领域。本文简要阐述了将互动语言学应用于汉语二语教学的理论基础,并结合已有研究提出互动视角下汉语二语教学实践设计的基本思路。总体来看,互动语言学能应用于汉语二语教学有三个重要的理论基础:1)二语发展以言谈互动为原始环境;2)二语习得以互动能力为终极目标;3)二语能力以社会行为表达为核心要素。在此基础上,文章提出汉语二语教学实践四点基本思路:1)开发真实自然的汉语教材;2)创设面向交际的互动语境;3)运用基于互动的教学策略;4)开发多种模态的教学资源。

国际中文教育资源建设背景下的对外中文词典编纂研究

对外中文词典是中文二语学习者自主学习的必备工具,也是国际中文教育基础资源的重要组成部分。国际中文教育资源发展要求对外中文词典应立足现有成果,以词典用户为中心,凸显词典的外向型和学习型特征。针对词典使用率低、数字化滞后的现实困境,我们需要吸收语言学、词典学等学科的前沿理论,借鉴其他辞书、教学资源的数字化经验,不断完善对外中文词典的编纂实践和推广工作。同时,应利用科技赋能,加快对外中文词典数字化转型的步伐;抓住“中文+职业技能”教育趋势带来的机遇,丰富词典类型,为新形势下国际中文学习者多元的资源需求提供精准服务。

事件整合视域下的对外汉语连动句教学

连动句是对外汉语语法教学的重点和难点,理论的匮乏与滞后是制约连动句教学效果提升的关键因素。理论语法的新近研究表明,连动句用来表达一个由若干子事件整合而成的宏事件,在事件类型上有别于复句等相近表达。事件整合视域为连动句的对外汉语教学提供了新路径,并展现出广泛价值。语义上,有助于说明连动句的句式语义;认知上,有助于揭示连动句形成的认知基础;语法上,有助于保障连动句输出的合法性;语用上,有助于阐明连动句的交际功能和表达效果。

ChatGPT类生成式人工智能赋能汉语二语教学:机遇与挑战

ChatGPT作为全球炙手可热的生成式人工智能工具,与语言学、教育学等领域有着密切的关系。通过文献梳理与分析发现,在教育信息化、二语习得需求、日渐成熟的人工智能技术、NLP第四代范式、以“续论”为代表的国内语言习得观,以及CALL模式的实践基础等因素的驱使下,ChatGPT作为汉语二语教学中的一种辅助教学工具,有其应用的必要性与可行性。而GPT-4的图像输入、可操纵性等多模态、个性化交互功能,及其广泛的应用场景,使其具备了在汉语二语教学中独特的优势,但同时也面临知识内容可靠性不足、真实写作能力不足和其他一系列来自教育领域的风险与挑战。据此提出,教师应该根据学生实际情况和需求,合理运用ChatGPT辅助教学,平衡传统教学与人工智能教学,以更好地达到自己的教学目的。

The Discourse Authenticity Model(DAM)for Second Language Teaching Materials

本文提出针对第二语言教材的第一套全面评估口语和书面语语料真实性的话语真实性等级模型(DAM)。该模型所使用的八项理论评估标准来源于话语语言学和应用语言学研究:(1)参与塑造母语话语体系;(2)原非为了二语教学;(3)原非为了母语或二语教学;(4)自然对话;(5)无事先撰写脚本;(6)非虚构;(7)含真实交际意义;(8)含具体语境。据这些标准,DAM将用于二语教材的口语和书面语语料的真实性分为五个等级:(1)极低(0~0.5分);(2)低(1~2.5分);(3)中等(3~4.5分);(4)高(5~6.5分);(5)极高(7~8分)。该文所评估的样本材料包括:虚构的二语教材对话和课文(0分);用于二语教学的有脚本的情景表演、角色扮演、卡通、电子游戏以及虚构二语教材对话的演示视频(0~1分);针对二语学习者的虚拟现实(0~5分);二语分级读物(1~2分);针对二语学习者的母语者采访(2~6分);儿童分级读物(3分);电子游戏(3~4分);虚拟现实(3~8分);歌曲歌词(4分);广告(4~5分);儿童读物(不包括分级阅读或早期语言读物)(4~6分);机器人语言(4~7分);影视类等带脚本虚构语言(5分);综艺真人秀类等大体无脚本的媒体语言(5~8分);纪录片、交通公告和有脚本新闻类等有脚本的非虚构语言(6分);社交媒体或手机上的单条语音消息(6~7分);社交媒体发帖、留言、聊天记录和短信聊天记录(6~8分);直播脱口秀类等无脚本且非虚构的媒体语言(7~8分);面对面自然对话和手机通话类等录下来的无脚本的现实生活语言(8分)。DAM有望对教材的开发、选择、使用和评估有直接参考价值。

对外汉语揣测类语气副词习得难度研究

以《HSK考试大纲》(2015)中表揣测语气的副词为研究对象,在来华留学生中展开测试,借助SPSS软件,通过方差分析的方法对测试结果进行量化测算,在此基础上提出相应的教学建议。结果显示:在13个表示揣测语气的副词中,“几乎、大约、也许、不见得”的习得难度相对较高,“大约、好像、恐怕、仿佛、或许、似乎、未必”的习得难度随着学习者水平的上升而下降,“几乎、大概、难道、也许、不见得、大致”的习得难度在“中级-高级”区间中呈退步趋势,所有13个揣测类语气副词的习得难度在整体上随着学习水平的上升而下降。我们认为这一差量的习得难度规律现象,主要受到词别差异和学习者水平两变量因子的规约而形成。

汉硕留学生二语习得课教学设计与实施——基于“翻转课堂”教学理念

以汉语国际教育专业硕士留学生的培养为出发点,基于“翻转课堂”教学理念,设计并实施第二语言习得课程教学。教学设计包括课前、课中和课后三个部分,其中,在课前阶段,教师准备材料分享、学生自主学习;在课中阶段,教师指导学生完成报告、讨论、辩论等;在课后阶段,布置讨论和评价任务。三个阶段的有机结合,可以实现“以学生为中心”的二语习得课程教学。经过两个学期的实施,通过问卷调查发现,学生对“翻转课堂”教学模式基本持肯定态度;同时,也对教学模式的应用细节提出了建议。

矩阵语言框架模型下中文教师语码转换研究

文章以矩阵语言框架模型为理论基础,探讨了中文教师在以中文为矩阵语言、英语为嵌入语的教学中,汉—英语码转换的词类特点和语法规则。研究发现:中文教师在课堂进行语码转换时以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主要转码对象,借助英语解释帮助学生理解词汇;中文教师在进行语码转换时基本遵循矩阵语言即汉语的语法规则;综合课语码转换频率高于语法课,新课的语码转换频率高于复习课;教学法越多样,学生年龄越低的课堂,语码转换越多。相关结论对中文教学具有一定启示作用。

论产出导向法在对外汉语教学中的应用——以卢旺达孔子学院比字句教学为例

全球汉语学习热是我国综合国力提升的表现,对外汉语课堂更是彰显教学能力的手段。在对外汉语教学中,比字句是初级学生最先接触的较为难的语法点,为克服汉语教学中“学用分离”的弊端,产出导向法应运而生。本文利用产出导向法的教学理念、教学假设和教学流程对卢旺达孔子学院进行教学实践,实践证明产出导向法对对外汉语教学提供有效、可行的教学方法,有利于对外汉语教学学用一体化。

A Systematic Review of the Research on Chinese Character Teaching and Learning

Using a thematic analysis methodology,this paper attempts a critical review of published articles on Chinese character teaching and learning in and outside China between 2005 and 2019,highlighting contributions scholars made to the current literature as well as identifying gaps in the research.The analysis reveals that there is a rather large gap in the use of research methodologies between the two sets of articles,with publications in China predominantly adopting non-empirical approaches while most articles published outside China are empirical.Besides,the use of computer-assisted language learning(CALL)in character teaching and learning seems to be a key research topic outside China,while exploring new pedagogical ideas and strategies attracts more interest among scholars in China.The paper concludes with suggestions for future research directions and a call for more diverse research paradigms and mixed-method perspectives.

汉语争议性语法项目的教学原则——以否定副词“没”与动态助词“了”的共现为例

本文从对外汉语教学视角出发,针对目前汉语本体研究中具有争议性的语法项目教学,以“没”作为否定动词时是否与“了”共现为例,从争议性语法项目教学内容的真实性、规则的常态与例外、以教学为出发点和目标等三个方面,提出了争议性语法项目的三项教学原则:“尊重原始语言事实”的原则;“多数为主,分清主次”的原则,“基于教学,回归教学”的原则。并进一步探讨如何在这些原则的指导下进行教学实践,以帮助一线教师在面对争议性语法项目进行选择与教学时有所依据,同时也能为语法教学与教材编写提供一定的参考。