Improving the training abilities of ophthalmic educators: the Ophthalmology Foundation’s initiatives

Our goal as medical educators is for our students to learn what they need to know and competently perform ophthalmic procedures.In addition,the students need to have good communication skills and behave professionally and ethically(1,2).Most medical educators are not taught how to teach but rather learn by role-modeling their mentors.This can be good or bad depending on the mentor!In addition,the amount of knowledge and numbers of surgical procedures is ever increasing and yet,in most countries,the amount of time to train and become competent is not changing.Thus,our goal of creating competent ophthalmologists is ever more challenging.

Effect Analysis of WeChat Platform Combined with PBL Teaching Method for Standardized Training of Residents in Anesthesiology Department

Objective: To explore and analyze the effect of the WeChat platform combined with the PBL teaching method in the standardized training of anesthesia residents. Methods: 120 anesthesiology residents from January 2018 to the end of December 2019 were selected, and divided into a control group and an observation group of 60 each according to the time sequence of admission. The control group adopted the conventional teaching mode, and the observation group adopted the WeChat platform combined PBL teaching method. The scores of theoretical knowledge and anesthesia skills operation after training, the scores of the teaching interest survey, and the satisfaction with the teaching mode between the two groups were compared. Results: The scores of theoretical knowledge and anesthesia skills operation in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the indicators of teaching interest in the observation group were also higher than those in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The satisfaction degree of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The WeChat platform combined with the PBL teaching method is beneficial to improve the training effect of anesthesiology residents, stimulating autonomous learning ability, ensuring the effective practice of theoretical knowledge, and promoting them to move towards a higher standard of anesthesia skills.

Application Research of Fragmented Case Teaching in Standardized Training of Residents in Anesthesiology Department

Objective:To explore the effect of fragmented case teaching in the standardized training of residents in anesthesiology department.Methods:80 doctors who participated in the standardized training of residents in anesthesiology department from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects,and the 80 doctors were divided into experimental groups according to the clinical teaching mode(n=40,implemented case fragmented teaching method)and the control group(n=40,traditional teaching method).The training lasted for 2 months,and the medical history collection,medical record analysis,practical operation ability,theoretical assessment results,and the degree of satisfaction towards the training of the two groups of doctors were compared.Results:After 2 months of training,the theoretical knowledge and operational ability of the doctors in the two groups have improved to a certain extent,but the medical history collection,medical record analysis,practical operation ability,theoretical assessment results and satisfaction of the doctors in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of the fragmented case teaching method in the standardized training of anesthesiology residents is significantly better than the traditional teaching mode.The abilities of doctors have significantly improved after the training.Hence,the fragmented case teaching method is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.

Physician-Rated Utility of Procedure Videos for Teaching Procedures in the Emergency Department, Overall and during Emergency Department Crowding

Background: Real-time use of procedure videos as educational tools has not been studied. We sought to determine whether viewing a video of a medical procedure prior to procedure performance in the emergency department improves the quality of teaching of procedures, and whether videos are particularly beneficial during periods of emergency department crowding. Methods: In this single-centre, prospective, before and after study standardized data collection forms were completed by both trainees and supervising emergency physicians (EPs) at the end of each emergency department shift in the before (August 2008-March 2009) and after (August 2009-March 2010) phase. Online procedure videos were introduced on emergency department computers in the after phase. The primary outcome measure was EP rating of the quality of teaching provided (5-point Likert scale). The interaction between crowding and videos was also assessed, to determine whether videos provide a specific additional benefit during periods of emergency department crowding. Results: There were 1159 procedures performed by 192 trainees. Median procedures performed per shift was 1.0 (IQR 0 - 2.0). Mean EP rating of teaching provided was significantly higher in the group that viewed videos, at 4.2 versus 3.7 (p 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, EP ratings increased by 0.5 with a video (p 0.001), while the odds of a score of 5.0 were 2.2 times greater if a video was viewed (p = 0.03). The interaction of crowding and procedure videos was not significant (the use of videos increased the average score by 0.24 in times of crowding compared to times of non-crowding, p = 0.19). Conclusions: Use of procedural videos was associated with EP perception of improved quality of teaching provided around procedures. While EPs rated the quality of their teaching as improved overall, the effect of videos on teaching quality was the same in crowded settings as it was in non-crowded setting.

Discussion on the Teaching Methods of Ophthalmology Training for General Practitioners in Tertiary General Hospitals

General medicine is an emerging secondary clinical discipline that aims to serve the society and family health management,and it plays a key role in hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.General practitioners are the leading providers of primary medical services and are responsible for comprehensive work such as diagnosis,treatment,preventive care,health record management,and referral of common and frequently-occurring diseases.They play an essential role in the health care system,providing comprehensive medical services to communities and families to improve people’s overall health.Developing and promoting general medicine are significant to establishing a sound medical and healthcare system,and improving primary medical services.Therefore,general practitioners require a broader range of knowledge than specialists,and the training model also differs from that of specialists.Given the short training time and heavy teaching tasks for ophthalmology,this article will combine the professional characteristics of ophthalmology to explore the application of appropriate teaching methods in a short period in order to achieve exemplary teaching results.In this process,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the professional characteristics of ophthalmology and the limitations of general practitioner training time,and discover appropriate teaching methods to improve the teaching effect and ensure the all-round development of students.

Current Situation of the Teaching of Ophthalmology in General Practice Medical Education and the Application of TBL

Ophthalmology is an integral part of general practice education,and it is of great significance to have some knowledge on ophthalmology even if the general practitioner is not an ophthalmologist.The subject characteristics,the traditional mode of teaching,and the cognitive deviation of students have greatly influenced its teaching quality.The application of team-based learning(TBL)in ophthalmology education responds to the demand of modern medical education.Building a team,designing questions that combine theory and clinical practice,as well as employing a fair scoring system can stimulate students’learning interest and improve their learning autonomy and ability to ask questions and solve problems.

Application of Standardized Measures in Clinical Teaching of Medical Imaging Department

Objective:To explore the application of standardized measures in clinical teaching of medical imaging department.Methods:Forty-eight medical interns in Department of Medical Imaging of our hospital from February 2018 to May 2019 were selected as research objects.They were divided into 2 groups according to random number table method,with 24 cases in each group.Routine education management was performed in clinical teaching for control group,standardized measure management was performed in clinical teaching for observational group.Performance assessment before and after intervention was compared between two groups of medical students.Results:Before intervention,there was no significant difference in assessment result between two groups of medical students(P>0.05).Assessment result after intervention was higher than before intervention in two groups of medical students.Observational group was higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:Implementation of standardized measures in clinical teaching of medical imaging department could significantly improve assessment result of medical students,and its application can be considered in clinical teaching.

The Application of Research Study in Higher Vocational Medical College Teaching

The research study is a new learning mode emerging in recent years, which can cultivate students＇ many aspects of ability. In the higher vocational colleges, obstetrics and gynecology department is a subject of strong theory and practice, which has a higher requirement for students＇ autonomous learning and ability to independently solve and analyze the problems. And it applies to the higher vocational obstetrics and gynecology subject teaching, which conforms to the refornl and development of clinical teaching in obstetrics and gynecology, and it is good for cultivating the medical talents suitable for social need with high quality and strong practice ability.

Flipped classroom approach to ophthalmology clerkship courses for Chinese students of eight-year program

Background:The“flipped classroom”is a learner-centered approach that centers on delivering videos,podcasts or slide-based material to learners prior to a lecture or class session.The class session is then dedicated to discussion,analysis,and problem-solving activities.The aim of this study was to investigate whether the flipped classroom could be adapted to medical(ophthalmology)students learning about ocular trauma and to assess the impact of the flipped classroom on those students’performance and attitudes.Methods:Questionnaires(using a 4-point scale)were distributed to 93 fifth-year medical students at Sun Yat-sen University,and the data showed that the majority of students preferred the flipped classroom approach to the traditional lecture method.Results:The results of pre-and post-test scores were 14.35±3.404 and 20.37±4.356,which showed a significant improvement in students’performance after the flipped classroom was introduced(P<0.05).Conclusions:Student response to the flipped classroom strategy was largely positive,indicating that the strategy received a high level of approval in an ophthalmology clerkship course taken by medical students in China.

Clinical Study on the Effects of Different Infusion Solutions on Colloid Osmotic Pressure During Major Abdominal Surgery and Perioperative Albumin in Elderly Patients

Objective:To explore the effects of different infusion schemes on colloid osmotic pressure during major abdominal surgery and perioperative albumin in elderly patients.Methods:140 elderly patients of 65-80 years old undergoing major abdominal surgery were divided into 4 groups according to the method of random number table,and different proportions of crystals and colloids were given to different groups(group A:full crystal,group B:crystal-colloid ratio 1:1,group C:crystal-colloid ratio 2:1,Group D:crystalcolloid ratio 1:2).The plasma colloid osmotic pressure and level of albumin during perioperative period were monitored.Simultaneously observe the arterial blood pH,blood glucose,extubating time of endotracheal tube,postoperative feeding time,et al.Results:The total amount of liquid infusion in the group of whole crystal was 3056ml(3056±253),which was significantly more than other groups(P<0.01).At the same time,the colloid osmotic pressure decreased by 11.9 mmHg(11.9±2.8),which was more obviously decreased than that of the other groups(B group3.9±1.3,C group 1.5±0.3,D group 4.7±2.1).The difference was a statistically significant(P<0.01).On the next day after surgery,the level of albumin decreased by an average of 4.3 g/L(4.5±1.9)compared with that in group B before surgery,and group C decreased by 2.9 g/L(2.9±1.2)in average,which was significantly different(P<0.05)from group A 10.2 g/L(10.2±1.8).There was no statistically significant difference between group A and group D(P>0.05).And the other indexes were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion:This study found that different infusion solutions with different crystal-colloid ratios had an effect on perioperative colloid osmotic pressure and level of albumin.

Application of Scenario Simulation Method in Pediatric Clinical Nursing Teaching

Purpose Analysis of Situational Teaching Method Applied in Pediatric Clinical Nursing Teaching.Method The 120 nursing students who studied in our University from 2015 to 2017 were selected as the study subjects and divided into routine group and experimental group.General teaching methods were adopted for the routine group,and the experimental group took a scenario simulation teaching method on this basis.Results The satisfaction of the teaching methods between the experimental group and the routine group were 93.33% and 81.67% respectively,P<0.05;The theoretical and practical results of the experimental group were better than the routine group,P<0.05.Conclusion The application of the situational teaching method in pediatric clinical nursing teaching has a significant effect and can effectively arouse students’interest in learning.

Seminar教学法在中医本科生临床实习教学中的应用效果

目的探讨Seminar教学法在中医本科生临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法选取2021年7月至2022年7月在天津中医药大学第一附属医院肝胆科实习的60名中医学专业本科生,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组,各30人。对照组采用常规教学法,试验组在对照组教学模式基础上采取Seminar教学法。比较两组的应用效果。结果试验组的出科考核成绩高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的出勤情况评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组的实习主动性、日常提问回答情况、临床书写病历完成度、查房参与情况评分及总分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Seminar教学法能够提升中医本科生的实习主动性、日常提问回答情况、临床书写病历完成度、查房参与情况评分以及出科考核成绩,教学效果良好,是对本科生临床实习带教方法的有益尝试。

MiniQuest教学模式在感染科实习医生教学中的应用

目的 探讨MiniQuest教学模式在感染科实习医生教学中的应用。方法 选择2020年9月—2021年6月本校60名感染科实习医生作为研究对象,按不同年级分为对照组(2020级)和干预组(2021级)两组,每组各30名。对照组采用传统教学方法,干预组采用MiniQuest教学方法。比较两组中文版评判性思维能力测量量表、自我效能量表、团队凝聚力测量问卷、教学效果评价问卷、考试成绩。结果 干预后,干预组实习医生的寻找真相、开放思想、分析能力、系统化能评判性思想的自信心、求知欲和认知成熟度及总分得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,干预组实习医生的自我效能评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,干预组实习医生的共乐群性、自律性、归属性、价值性及总分评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组实习医生喜欢此种教学方式占90.00%,能掌握重点内容、能提高问题分析能力及能提高团结合作能力均占86.67%,能提高评判性思维能力和能提高自主学习能力均占83.33%,能提高操作技能占80.00%,能提高语言表达能力、能提高人际沟通能力及能提高学习兴趣均占76.67%;干预组实习医生的理论成绩和操作成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 MiniQuest教学模式能提高感染科实习医生评判性思维能力、自主学习能力、实习医生教育水平及核心竞争能力。

Mini-CEX联合DOPS评分量表在推拿科住院医师规范化培训中的应用探索

目的采用迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)联合临床技能操作评分量表(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)的形成性评价,探讨其在推拿科住院医师规范化培训教学中的应用价值。方法选取2022年6月—2023年6月在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院推拿科进行住院医师规范化培训的60名住院医师规范化培训学员,由获得安徽中医药大学住院医师规范化培训师资证书的教师进行临床规范化教学。在每期住培学员入科后1周及出科前利用Mini-CEX和DOPS评分量表各测评1次,通过对考核成绩、教师和学员互评满意度进行数据分析,评价形成性评价的临床教学效果。结果Mini-CEX量表的出科前考核成绩与入科后考核成绩[(54.95±4.17)分vs.(53.93±3.65)分]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DOPS评分量表的出科前考核成绩与入科后考核成绩[(87.00±8.32)分vs.(84.97±6.75)分]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出科前考核教师对评估结果的满意度分值高于入科后,出科前考核住培学员对评估结果的满意度分值高于入科后,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Mini-CEX结合DOPS评分量表作为推拿科住院医师规范化培训的形成性评价工具效果良好。

A General Analysis about the Situation of ESPand EGP

ESP and EGP are both important for students but,at the moment,we have not paid enough emphasis on ESP course because there are some limits for us to teach ESP effectively.In this article,the writer will analyze the current situation of ESP and EGP and appeal for persons concerned to put stress on it to keep the balance between ESP and EGP.

Seminar-CBL结合模拟教学法在肿瘤康复教学中的效果

目的探究Seminar-以案例为导向的教学法(case-based learning,CBL)结合模拟教学法在肿瘤康复教学中的效果。方法采取随机数字表法对2018年6月—2020年6月在滨州医学院附属医院肿瘤科学习的120名医学生,每组各60名,对照组给予常规教学法,观察组给予Seminar-CBL结合模拟教学法,对比2组学生实施不同教学方法后的操作成绩及理论成绩、学生自我评价结果、实施教学方法前后的批判性思维能力评分以及沟通能力评分。结果与对照组相比,观察组学生操作成绩及理论成绩均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。自主学习能力及自主思考能力显著提升、对肿瘤康复知识与技术有更深的掌握、合作性学习能力提升、利用学习资源的能力提升、批判性思维能力基本形成、制定科学合理康复方案的能力提升、发现及解决问题的能力提升、对临床病例及临床实习知识理解更加深入的学生所占比例较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组教学后与教学前相比,批判性思维能力评分以及沟通能力评分均较高,与对照组教学后相比,观察组批判性思维能力评分以及沟通能力评分均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Seminar-CBL结合模拟教学在肿瘤康复教学中可明显提高教学成绩,学生自我评价结果更好,同时也提高了其综合能力。

Seminar教学法在风湿免疫科临床教学中对专科知识掌握情况、自我能力提升情况的影响

目的评价Seminar教学法用于风湿免疫科的教学效果。方法选取2020年3月—2021年3月在内蒙古科技大学包头医学院第一附属医院风湿免疫科实习的62名学生记作参照组,予以常规教学法;选取2021年4月—2022年4月在本院风湿免疫科实习的63名学生记作研究组,予以Seminar教学法。对比两组教学效果。结果研究组的专科知识掌握评分、自我能力提升评分、自主学习能力评分、临床思维能力评分高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组教学满意度(96.83%)高于参照组(85.48%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.008,P<0.05)。结论Seminar教学法可提升风湿免疫科实习生的专科知识掌握度,提升其自我能力,培养其自主学习力与临床思维,具有较高的教学满意度。

Mini-CEX联合DOPS的形成性评价在烧伤科门诊带教中的应用

形成性评价是目前被教育学界所普遍认同的评价方法,是对学习全过程的持续观察、记录和反思而做出的发展性评价。迷你临床演练评估(Mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)与操作技能直接观察评估(direct observation of procedural skill,DOPS)作为新型的形成性评价手段,在近年来临床教学中受到欢迎。海军军医大学第一附属医院烧伤科将Mini-CEX与DOPS联合用于烧伤科门诊临床带教的评价中,取得了良好的效果,为此,文章对其组织实施过程、应用优势以及实践体会进行总结。Mini-CEX重点评估其临床思维能力,DOPS重点评估其临床操作技能,相互补充。考核过程与临床诊疗工作同步,不影响门诊工作。该评价能够弥补传统教学评价方法的不足,不受场地和时间限制,具有操作相对简便、考核较为全面、重视学员人文素养等优点,能够激励学员的学习热情,提高学员的学习效率,并且可以在烧伤科门诊教学过程中多次开展,能够及时、双向地反馈教学结果,提高了学员的理论知识水平和实践技能操作水平,并实现了教学相长。

融入课程思政理念的Miniquest教学模式在神经内科护理实习教学中的应用效果分析

目的:分析融入课程思政理念的Miniquest教学模式在神经内科护理实习教学中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年3月—2022年3月于德阳市人民医院神经内科实习的护理专业学生80名作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为两组,各40名。对照组采取常规授课模式,观察组采取融入课程思政理念的Miniquest教学模式。比较两组学生综合成绩、教学效果、批判性思维能力。结果:观察组理论成绩、操作成绩及总成绩高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组教学效果各维度评分及总评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组批判性思维能力测量表各维度评分及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:融入课程思政理念的Miniquest教学模式在神经内科护理实习教学中的应用效果较好,可提高学生理论知识掌握程度及操作水平,提高教学质量,培养学生的批判性思维能力。

PBL结合Seminar教学模式在妇产科见习中的应用方法研究

探讨了Seminar形态结合以问题为基础的课堂教学(PBL)教学法,以及在临床驻点班妇产科见习教育中的效果。在临床驻点班妇产科见习教育中,展开了Seminar形态的与临床应用个案探讨、床边教育等结合的PBL教学模式。Seminar紧密结合PBL课堂教学,充分调动了学生的学习积极性,培养了学生的语言交流技能,也训练了学生应用与反思的能力。Seminar紧密结合PBL课堂教学可以改善临床见习教学效果,但还应进行深入研究与应用。