Environmental Technical Standards and the Green Transition of China’s Manufacturing Industry

Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environmental technical standards influence the manufacturing industry in reducing emissions and improving efficiency(i.e.green transition).Furthermore,drawing upon enterprise samples from the databases of Chinese Industrial Enterprises and Chinese Industrial Pollution Sources from Major Monitored Enterprises,it empirically validates the results of the theoretical analysis.Overall,our research reveals that environmental technical standards can propel manufacturing enterprises to reduce pollution and increase productivity by following an incremental path of technological transformation,thereby achieving a green transition.Moreover,environmental technical standards indirectly promote green technology innovation in the upstream equipment manufacturing enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis further shows that environmental technical standards have a stronger effect of green transition on those companies with higher pollution emission intensity,lower productivity,slower capital renewal and stronger financing capacity prior to implementing the environmental policies.

Analysis on the Technical Standardization System of Juvenile Product in Europe and the United States of America and Strategies of Technical Measures of Trade

China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile products in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile products exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.

First Batch of Topics of “Key Technical Standard Promotion Project” tarted,270 Important National Standards or Professional Standards Will Be Prepared

At the first working meeting of the 'Key Technical Standard Promotion Project', an important project of the national scientific and technical support plan during the '11th Five Year' held recently in Beijing, the first group of 11 research topics for the 'Key Technical Standard Promotion Project' was formally introduced.……

Discussion on Foreseeing the Enterprises Technical Standards

Under the condition of market economy, the need for products to be characteristic is getting more and more outstanding, and the product market will be transferred gradually from the seller's market to the buyer's. After the issue and implementation of the enterprises technical standards, there will be a stable period. The matter of how to guarantee the products to satisfy the need of the market within this period requires that the enterprise must take the foreseeing of standards into account when developing technical standards, so as to ensure the products to be of persistent competitive power in the market. Here are some things that can show the foreseeing of enterprises technical standards.

Strategy Selection of Production Technical Standards in a Manufacturing Supply Chain Network： The Role of Partnership Density

This paper presents the game of production technical standards between downstream and upstream suppliers on a manufacturing supply chain network when the two parties have different partnership densities, namely, the numbers of replaceable and mature manufacturing partners. We firstly constructed a manufacturing chain network and analyzed its three relationship structures among suppliers with the presence of different relationship densities, and found that all the three relationships brought about the game of production technical standards between partnership-rich and partnership-scanty suppliers. Then we built a two-party payoff matrix, and analyzed the two-party game and evolutionary stable strategy, based on replication dynamic equation and asymmetric evolutionary game theory. The evolutionary stable strategies of two parties under varying payoff parameters were validated through numerical simulation. Finally, we proposed some suggestions for both those manufacturers with more partners and fewer partners, respectively.

Three National Standardization Technical Committees Authorized By SAC

In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees for Environmental Protection Products (SAC/TC275), for Safety Management of Agricultural Transgenic Biology (SAC/TC276) and for Testing of New Varieties of Plant (SAC/TC277).The National Standardization Technical Committee for Environmental Protection Products is responsible for the development and revision of national standards in the following fields:

Exploring the Technical Assessment Standards for “Ordinary Purposes” in the CISG

Standards are the scientific basis and an important factor for the assessment of the quality of goods.In International Sale of Goods Law,they are consistent with and complementary to the“general provision”on“ordinary purposes”used to assess the quality of goods.Based on analyses of theories and legal practices and by reviewing the relationship between standards and“ordinary purposes,”in this article,I attempt to find out what standards affect the ascertaining of“ordinary purposes”and present a summary of the preconditions for the sellers’obligatory observance of such standards to provide guidance for the accurate application of other“general provisions”through the use of standards.

Current Situation of International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee 249 International Standards of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective： To review the current situation and progress of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） international standards, standard projects and proposals in International Organization for Standardization（ISO）/technical committee（TC） 249. Methods： ISO/TC 249 standards and standard projects on the ISO website were searched and new standard proposals information were collected from ISO/TC 249 National Mirror Committee in China. Then all the available data were summarized in 5 closely related items, including proposed time, proposed country, assigned working group（WG）, current stage and classification. Results： In ISO/TC 249, there were 2 international standards, 18 standard projects and 24 new standard proposals proposed in 2014. These 44 standard subjects increased year by year since 2011. Twenty-nine of them were proposed by China, 15 were assigned to WG 4, 36 were in preliminary and preparatory stage and 8 were categorized into 4 fields, 7 groups and sub-groups based on International Classification Standards. Conclusion： A rapid and steady development of international standardization in TCM can be observed in ISO/TC 249.

Automotive Standardization Research Institute of CATARC---Focus on Standards and Technical Regulations

Automotive Standardization Research Institute ’is, specialized in the standardization and technical regulation research for automobiles and motorcycles. Its main activities include: Nationwide Auto Standardization Technology Comprehensive

Confrontation and Integration: The Present and Future of Forensic Examinations on Medical Damage in China

In China,two administrative regulations and judicial interpretations related to forensic examinations of medical damage were issued from March 2017 to June 2018.In chronological order,they were interpretation of the supreme people’s court on several questions concerning the application of law in the trial of disputes over liability for medical damage and regulations on the prevention and handling of medical disputes.Those two laws,especially the regulation,have had a fundamental impact on the pattern of forensic examinations on medical damage.This paper systematically reviews the current status and existing problems with forensic examinations on medical damage following implementation of the law of tort liability;it discusses new concepts of procedures,institutional arrangements,and the selection of examiners for forensic examinations on medical damage.We believe that through the regulation,the dualistic confrontation status of forensic examinations on medical damage will gradually change toward integration.We consider that forensic examinations of medical damage will face three challenges in the future:(1)enhancing the establishment of standards;(2)undertaking theoretical research into forensic examinations onmedical damage;and(3)promoting the development ofinterdisciplinary identification specialistsmajoring in both medicine and law.Only in this way will it be possible to rectify the current dilemma with forensic examinations on medical damage in China.