The application of advanced materials, i.e. advanced ceramics, glasses, intermetallic phases and various type of composites, not only depends on their manufacture processes including a great input of know-how, but als...The application of advanced materials, i.e. advanced ceramics, glasses, intermetallic phases and various type of composites, not only depends on their manufacture processes including a great input of know-how, but also on their abilities for processing, among which the joining processes play an important role. The uses of advanced materials are changing rapidly, with a major emphasis on technical applications, especially the components of machines, apparatus and technical devices expected to withstand very heavy exploitation conditions. Furthermore,these materials are becoming more complex, in terms of being strengthened and toughened by transformation processes as well as by the addition of other ceramic or metallic materials including nanomaterials. The successful use of advanced materials requires the development of equally advanced joining materials, processes and technology. Some selected examples of results of joining advanced materials with the use of various procedures as well as surface modification of structural components with the use of advanced materials obtained in the Welding Engineering Department of Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, are presented.展开更多
Research about two-dimensional (2D) materials is growing exponentially across various scientific and engineering disciplines due to the wealth of unusual physical phenomena that occur when charge transport is confined...Research about two-dimensional (2D) materials is growing exponentially across various scientific and engineering disciplines due to the wealth of unusual physical phenomena that occur when charge transport is confined to a plane. The applications of 2D materials are highly affected by the electrical properties of these mat erials, including curren t dist ribution, surface pot ential, dielectric response, conductivity, perm计tivity, and piezoelectric response. Hence, it is very crucial to characterize these properties at the nanoscale. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based techniques are powerful tools that can simultaneously characterize morphology and electrical properties of 2D materials with high spatial resolution, thus being more and more extensively used in this research field. Here, the principles of these AFM techniques are reviewed in detail. After that, their representative applications are further demonstrated in the local characterization of various 2D materials? elcctrical properties.展开更多
With the increasing popularity of electric/hybrid vehicles and the rapid development of 3C electronics,there is a growing interest in high-rate energy storage systems.The rapid development and widespread adoption of l...With the increasing popularity of electric/hybrid vehicles and the rapid development of 3C electronics,there is a growing interest in high-rate energy storage systems.The rapid development and widespread adoption of lithiumion batteries(LIBs)can be attributed to their numerous advantages,including high energy density,high operating voltage,environmental friendliness,and lack of memory effect.However,the progress of LIBs is currently hindered by the limitations of energy storage materials,which serve as vital components.Therefore,there is an urgent need to address the development of a new generation of high-rate energy storage materials in order to overcome these limitations and further advance LIB technology.Niobium-based oxides have emerged as promising candidates for the fabrication of fast-charging Li-ion batteries due to their excellent rate capability and long lifespan.This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals,methodologies,and electrochemistries of niobium-based oxides,with a specific focus on the evolution and creation of crystal phases of Nb_(2)O_(5),fundamental electrochemical behavior,and modification methods including morphology modulation,composite technology,and carbon coating.Furthermore,the review explores Nb_(2)O_(5)-derived compounds and related advanced characterization techniques.Finally,the challenges and issues in the development of niobiumbased oxides for high-rate energy storage batteries are discussed,along with future research perspectives.展开更多
文摘The application of advanced materials, i.e. advanced ceramics, glasses, intermetallic phases and various type of composites, not only depends on their manufacture processes including a great input of know-how, but also on their abilities for processing, among which the joining processes play an important role. The uses of advanced materials are changing rapidly, with a major emphasis on technical applications, especially the components of machines, apparatus and technical devices expected to withstand very heavy exploitation conditions. Furthermore,these materials are becoming more complex, in terms of being strengthened and toughened by transformation processes as well as by the addition of other ceramic or metallic materials including nanomaterials. The successful use of advanced materials requires the development of equally advanced joining materials, processes and technology. Some selected examples of results of joining advanced materials with the use of various procedures as well as surface modification of structural components with the use of advanced materials obtained in the Welding Engineering Department of Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, are presented.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(Nos. 21622304, 61674045, and 11604063)the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China (No. 2016YFA0200700)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program, the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences and Instrument Developing Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)(Nos. XDB30000000, QYZDB-SSW-SYS031, and YZ201418)Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program (Nos. J171013014 and J171013007)Z.H. Cheng was supported by Distinguished Technical Talents Project and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China (No. 18XNLG01).
文摘Research about two-dimensional (2D) materials is growing exponentially across various scientific and engineering disciplines due to the wealth of unusual physical phenomena that occur when charge transport is confined to a plane. The applications of 2D materials are highly affected by the electrical properties of these mat erials, including curren t dist ribution, surface pot ential, dielectric response, conductivity, perm计tivity, and piezoelectric response. Hence, it is very crucial to characterize these properties at the nanoscale. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based techniques are powerful tools that can simultaneously characterize morphology and electrical properties of 2D materials with high spatial resolution, thus being more and more extensively used in this research field. Here, the principles of these AFM techniques are reviewed in detail. After that, their representative applications are further demonstrated in the local characterization of various 2D materials? elcctrical properties.
基金This work was financially supported by“Hundred Young Talents Program”(No.263113491)from Guangdong University of Technology.
文摘With the increasing popularity of electric/hybrid vehicles and the rapid development of 3C electronics,there is a growing interest in high-rate energy storage systems.The rapid development and widespread adoption of lithiumion batteries(LIBs)can be attributed to their numerous advantages,including high energy density,high operating voltage,environmental friendliness,and lack of memory effect.However,the progress of LIBs is currently hindered by the limitations of energy storage materials,which serve as vital components.Therefore,there is an urgent need to address the development of a new generation of high-rate energy storage materials in order to overcome these limitations and further advance LIB technology.Niobium-based oxides have emerged as promising candidates for the fabrication of fast-charging Li-ion batteries due to their excellent rate capability and long lifespan.This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals,methodologies,and electrochemistries of niobium-based oxides,with a specific focus on the evolution and creation of crystal phases of Nb_(2)O_(5),fundamental electrochemical behavior,and modification methods including morphology modulation,composite technology,and carbon coating.Furthermore,the review explores Nb_(2)O_(5)-derived compounds and related advanced characterization techniques.Finally,the challenges and issues in the development of niobiumbased oxides for high-rate energy storage batteries are discussed,along with future research perspectives.
