Three-year results of small incision lenticule extraction and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism

AIM： To compare and calculate the 3-year refractive results, higher-order aberrations （HOAs）, contrast sensitivity （CS） and dry eye parameters after small incision lenticule extraction （SMILE） and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis （FS-LASIK） for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS： In this prospective, non-randomized comparative study, 78 eyes with spherical equivalent （SE） of -8.11±1.09 diopters （D） received a SMILE surgery, and 65 eyes with SE of -8.05±1.12 D received a wavefront-guided FS-LASIK surgery with the VisuMax femtosecond laser （Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany） for flap cutting. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, CS, HOAs, ocular surface disease index （OSDI） and tear break-up time （TBUT） were evaluated during a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS： The difference of uncorrected distance visual acuity （UDVA） postoperatively was achieved at lmo and at 3mo, whereas the difference of the mean UDVA between two groups at 3y were not statistically significant （t=-1.59, P=-0.13）. The postoperative change of SE was 0.89 D in the FS-LASIK group （t=5.76, P=0.00）, and 0.14 D in the SMILE group （t=-0.54, P=0.59） from lmo to 3y after surgery. At 3-year postoperatively, both HOAs and spherical aberrations in the SMILE group were obviously less than those in the FS-LASIK group （P=0.00）, but the coma root mean square （RMS） was higher in the SMILE group （0.59±0.26） than in the FS-LASIK group （0.29±0.14, P=0.00）. The mesopic CS values between two groups were not statistically significant at 3y postoperatively. Compared with the FS-LASIK group, lower OSDI scores and longer TBUT values were found in the SMILE group at Imo and 3mo postoperatively. With regard to safety, no eye lost any line of CDVA in both groups at 3y after surgery. CONCLUSION： Both SMILE and wavefront-guided FS- LASIK procedures provide good visual outcomes. Both procedures are effective and safe, but SMILE surgery achieve more stable long-term refractive outcome and better control of early postoperative dry eye as compared to FS-LASIK.

Dry eye and corneal sensitivity after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis:a Meta-analysis

AIM：To assess the corneal sensitivity and the incidences of dry eye after small incision lenticule extraction（SMILE） and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis（FSLASIK）.METHODS：The Meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3.We searched on Pub Med from inception to March 2016.Summary weighted mean difference（WMD） and 95% confidence intervals（CIs） were used to analyze the datum.Random-effects or fixed-effects models were chosen up to between-study heterogeneity.The main outcomes were composed of the Ocular Surface Disease Index（OSDI） scores,tear film break-up time（TBUT）,Schirmer Test and corneal sensitivity.RESULTS：Eight eligible studies including 772 eyes（386 in SMILE group and 386 in FS-LASIK group） were identified.The parameters have no significiant difference heterogeneity between SMILE and FS-LASIK group preoperatively.There were significant differences between the two groups in OSDI scores at one and three months postoperatively,in TBUT at one and three months postoperatively,in corneal sensitivity at one week,about one month and three months postoperatively.However,there was no significant difference observed in Schirmer Test at the follow-up periods.CONCLUSION：Compare to FS-LASIK,dry eye and the corneal sensitivity recover better in the SMILE group,in first three months after the surgery.

Comparative study of functional optical zone:small incision lenticule extraction versus femtosecond laser assisted excimer laser keratomileusis

AIM:To investigate the size of functional optical zone(FOZ)after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)versus femtosecond laser assisted excimer laser keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for myopia correction and potential associated factors for FOZ.METHODS:A total of 133 patients who received corneal refractive surgery in our hospital between November 2018 and July 2021 were retrospectively enrolled.There were 63 patients(123 eyes)in SMILE group and 70patients(139 eyes)in FS-LASIK group.The size of FOZ was measured using Pentacam 3-dementional anterior segment analyzer before and 3mo after surgery,so as to analyze postoperative achieved functional optical zone(AFOZ)and its contributing parameters.RESULTS:When planned functional optical zone(PFOZ)was 6.5 mm for both groups,AFOZ was 1.45±0.27 and 1.67±0.25 mm smaller than preoperative FOZ in SMILE group and FS-LASIK group 3mo after surgery.AFOZ in SMILE group was significantly larger than that in FS-LASIK group(P<0.001).Variation of FOZ was negatively correlated with preoperative spherical equivalent(SE)and positively correlated with variation of mean keratometry value(△Km),variation of spherical aberration(△SA),and variation of Q-value(△Q,all P<0.001)in both groups.Multiple variable linear regression equations were△FOZ=1.354-0.1×pre-SE+0.336×△Q+1.462×△SA in SMILE group and△FOZ=1.512+0.137×△Q+0.468×△SA in FS-LASIK group.CONCLUSION:AFOZ is significantly smaller than preoperative FOZ in both SMILE and FS-LASIK groups.With the same PFOZ,larger AFOZ is achieved in SMILE group than in FS-LASIK group.

Small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis in patients with deep corneal opacity:case series

AIM:To report the safety,efficacy,and accuracy of small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)or femtosecondassisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism in patients with deep corneal opacity denoted by anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT).METHODS:Four patients with monocular corneal opacity(3 due to mechanical injury,1 due to a firecracker wound)were recruited and treated with refractive surgery(3 for SMILE,1 for FS-LASIK combined with limbal relaxing incision(LRI).Preoperative ocular manifestations,surgical details,postoperative visual outcomes,corneal opacity parameters,and corneal topography were analyzed.RESULTS:Preoperatively,spherical diopter ranged from-3.0 D to-4.75 D with cylinder ranging from-0.75 to-5.0 D,and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)ranging from 20/25 to 20/20.One eye’s corneal opacity was located in the central zone and three were in the mid-peripheral optical zone.Three patients underwent uneventful SMILE in both eyes,whilst one patient underwent FS-LASIK for high astigmatism in both eyes and LRI in the right eye.CDVA of the eye with corneal opacity ranged from 20/22to 20/20 one to six weeks postoperatively.Two patients achieved better CDVA and no patients lost Snellen lines.The postoperative diopter was within±0.75 D for all eyes.Significant edema existed above the corneal opacity in one eye and dissipated soon.No eccentric corneal topography or morphological anomaly of the corneal cap or flap was observed.CONCLUSION:The cases demonstrate that SMILE or FS-LASIK is safe and effective to treat myopic astigmatism combined with deep corneal opacity lesions after comprehensive preoperative evaluation and appropriate candidate selection.FS-LASIK combined with LRI is also sufficient for correcting high astigmatism due to corneal scarring.

Research Progress on Ocular Surface Changes after Femtosecond Laser Small IncisionLenticule Extraction

The femtosecond laser has a number of advantages,.such as short pulse time,.high instantaneous power,.high repetition rate, low monopulse energy, and small thermal effect. Femtosecond laser-assisted small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) is becoming the new direction in refractive surgery,and the ocular surface changes after SMILE are attracting increasingly more attention. This article reviews adverse effects,including dry eye, injury of corneal nerves, and ocular surface inflammation,.occurring after SMILE.

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) history, fundamentals of a new refractive surgery technique and clinical outcomes

This review summarizes the current status of the small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)procedure.Following the early work by Sekundo et al.and Shah et al.,SMILE has become increasingly popular.The accuracy of the creation of the lenticule with the VisuMax femtosecond laser(Carl Zeiss Meditec)has been verified using very high-frequency(VHF)digital ultrasound and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Visual and refractive outcomes have been shown to be similar to those achieved with laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK),notably in a large population reported by Hjortdal,Vestergaard et al.Safety in terms of the change in corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)has also been shown to be similar to LASIK.It was expected that there would be less postoperative dry eye after SMILE compared to LASIK because the anterior stroma is disturbed only by the small incision,meaning that the anterior corneal nerves should be less affected.A number of studies have demonstrated a lower reduction and faster recovery of corneal sensation after SMILE than LASIK.Some studies have also used confocal microscopy to demonstrate a lower decrease in subbasal nerve fiber density after SMILE than LASIK.The potential biomechanical advantages of SMILE have been modeled by Reinstein et al.based on the non-linearity of tensile strength through the stroma.Studies have reported a similar change in Ocular Response Analyzer(Reichert)parameters after SMILE and LASIK,however,these have previously been shown to be unreliable as a representation of corneal biomechanics.Retreatment options after SMILE are discussed.Tissue addition applications of the SMILE procedure are also discussed including the potential for cryo-preservation of the lenticule for later reimplantation(Mohamed-Noriega,Angunawela,Lim et al.),and a new procedure referred to as endokeratophakia in which a myopic SMILE lenticule is implanted into a hyperopic patient(Pradhan et al.).Finally,studies reporting microdistortions in Bowman’s layer and corneal wound healing responses are also described.

Safety and efficacy of VisuMax®circle patterns for flap creation and enhancement following small incision lenticule extraction

Background:The purpose of this case series is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of VisuMax®Circle patterns in eyes that have undergone small incision lenticule extraction,thus creating a flap to perform an enhancement procedure or residual lenticule extraction.Methods:This prospective,single center,case study series evaluated the use of a VisuMax®Circle pattern to create a corneal flap following small incision lenticule extraction.Patients were treated and followed at TRSC International LASIK Center(Bangkok,Thailand)for 3 months to assess the efficacy and safety of the procedure.Efficacy was determined by the surgeon’s ability to lift the created corneal flap.Results:The study enrolled 28 eyes.Twenty-seven underwent the VisuMax®Circle pattern procedure for refractive enhancement,and one for residual lenticule extraction.In 100%of cases(28 eyes)the lifting of the flap was possible,as planned.In all cases of refractive enhancement(27 eyes)by laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK),the exposure of the stromal bed was sufficient for the necessary excimer laser ablation.No eyes lost two or more Snellen lines of corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)and no procedure or flap-related complications or serious adverse events occurred.Conclusions:This initial case series demonstrates that VisuMax®Circle pattern is efficacious and a suitable method to create a corneal flap for enhancement,following small incision lenticule extraction.

Applications of SMILE-extracted lenticules in ophthalmology

AIM:To review recent innovations,challenges,and applications of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)extracted lenticule for treating ocular disorders.METHODS:A literature review was performed in the PubMed database,which was last updated on 30 December 2021.There was no limit regarding language.The authors evaluated the reference lists of the collected papers to find any relevant research.RESULTS:Due to the simplicity and accuracy of modern femtosecond lasers and the extensive development of SMILE surgery,many healthy human corneal stromal lenticules were extracted during surgery,motivating some professionals to investigate the SMILE lenticule reusability in different ocular disorders.In addition,new approaches had been developed to preserve,modify,and bioengineer the corneal stroma,leading to the optimal use of discarded byproducts such as lenticules from SMILE surgery.The lenticules can be effectively re-implanted into the autologous or allogenic corneas of human subjects to treat refractive errors,corneal ectasia,and corneal perforation and serve as a patch graft for glaucoma drainage devices with better cosmetic outcomes.CONCLUSION:SMILE-extracted lenticules could be a viable alternative to human donor corneal tissue.

Corneal neuromediator profiles following laser refractive surgery

Laser refractive surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide.In laser refractive surgery,Femtosecond Laser in Situ Keratomileusis and Refractive Lenticule Extraction have emerged as promising alternatives to microkeratome Laser in Situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy.Following laser refractive surgery,the corneal nerves,epithelial and stromal cells release neuromediators,including neurotrophins,neuropeptides and neurotransmitters.Notably,nerve growth factor,substance P,calcitonin gene-related peptide and various cytokines are important mediators of neurogenic inflammation and corneal nerve regeneration.Alterations in neuromediator profiles and ocular surface parameters following laser refractive surgery are attributed to the surgical techniques and the severity of tissue insult induced.In this review,we will discuss the(1)Functions of neuromediators and their physiological and clinical significance;(2)Changes in the neuromediators following various laser refractive surgeries;(3)Correlation between neuromediators,ocular surface health and corneal nerve status;and(4)Future directions,including the use of neuromediators as potential biomarkers for ocular surface health following laser refractive surgery,and as adjuncts to aid in corneal regeneration after laser refractive surgery.

Femtosecond laser corneal refractive surgery for the correction of high myopic anisometropic amblyopia in juveniles

AIM： To evaluate the effects of femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis（FS-LASIK） and small-incision lenticule extraction（SMILE） to correct high myopic anisometropic amblyopia in juvenile patients. METHODS： From November 2013 to January 2015, 33 amblyopic patients with high myopic anisometropic amblyopia were studied. FS-LASIK（30 eyes） or SMILE（3 eyes） was performed in the amblyopic eyes. Visual acuity, refraction, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity and complications were evaluated. Patients completed followup examinations at 3 d, 1 mo, 3 mo and the last follow-up time（mean 8.17±3.23 mo） after surgery. RESULTS： The mean age at surgery was 9.04±3.04 y（range 6-16 y）. The mean spherical equivalent in the amblyopic eyes was significantly decreased from-10.00±2.39 D preoperatively to-0.06±1.06 D at 1 mo,-0.19±1.33 D at 3 mo and-0.60±1.43 D at approximately 8 mo postoperatively（P〈0.05 for all）. The mean myopic anisometropia was significantly decreased from-9.45±2.33 D preoperatively to ＋0.37±1.48 D at 1 mo,-0.46±1.47 D at 3 mo and-0.09±1.83 D at approximately 8 mo（P〈0.05 for all）. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution（log MAR） for uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity（UDVA and CDVA, respectively） of the amblyopic eye improved from 1.74±0.35 and 0.98±0.63 preoperatively to 0.45±0.31 and 0.41±0.33 at approximately 8 mo after surgery, respectively. The logM AR CDVA at 3 d, 1, 3 and 8 mo postoperatively improved by means of 1.42, 2.22, 2.96, and 4.39 lines, and a gain of more than two lines accounted for 45%, 50%, 74% and 86% of all patients, respectively. The contrast sensitivity of both amblyopic eyes and dominant eyes at 0.5, 2, 8 cycles perdegree was significantly improved postoperatively（P〈0.05 for all）. Of the 33 pediatric patients, no patients had near stereopsis preoperatively and seven patients（21.2%） recovered near stereopsis（400″ to 60″） at approximately 8 mo after surgery. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in any patient.CONCLUSION： FS-LASIK or SMILE can be promising alternative methods to correct high myopic anisometropic amblyopia in juvenile patients who have failed with traditional approaches.

The evolution of corneal and refractive surgery with the femtosecond laser

The use of femtosecond lasers has created an evolution in modern corneal and refractive surgery.With accuracy,safety,and repeatability,eye surgeons can utilize the femtosecond laser in almost all anterior refractive procedures;laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK),small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE),penetrating keratoplasty(PKP),insertion of intracorneal ring segments,anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty(Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)and Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty(DSEK)),insertion of corneal inlays and cataract surgery.As the technology matures,it will push surgical limits and open new avenues for ophthalmic intervention in areas not yet explored.As we witness the transition from femto-LASIK to femto-cataract surgery it becomes obvious that this innovation is here to stay.This article presents some of the most relevant advances of femtosecond lasers to modern corneal and refractive surgery.

Early visual function outcomes of topography-guided FS-LASIK and SMILE in treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism

AIM: To compare the quality outcomes of vision at early phase after topography-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK-CV) and small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) in treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism.METHODS: Retrospective comparative analysis of 49 patients that underwent FS-LASIK(n=23) or SMILE(n=26) procedure for myopia and myopic astigmatism between April and September in 2019. Pre-and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), spherical equivalent refraction(SEQ), cylindrical refraction, contrast sensitivity function(CSF), and corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs) were evaluated. Independent t-test was used for inter-group comparison, while repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze changes at different time points. RESULTS: In both groups, 100% of the eyes obtained a UCVA of 20/20 or better at 1 wk, 1, and 3 mo postoperatively. At 1 d and 3 mo postoperatively, UCVA was better in FS-LASIKCV group than in SMILE group. At 1 wk postoperatively, SEQ was lower in SMILE group than in FS-LASIK-CV group(P=0.006). At 3 mo postoperatively, the SEQ reached target refraction in both groups. The residual astigmatism was reduced in both groups without intergroup difference(P>0.05). At 3 mo postoperatively, the spherical aberration and coma under 6 mm pupil size were higher than preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05). However, the increase in the corneal HOAs in the FS-LASIK-CV group was less than the SMILE group(P<0.05). At 3 mo postoperatively, the log CS were better than preoperative levels under scotopic conditions without glare and scotopic conditions with glare in both groups(P<0.05). At 1 and 3 mo postoperatively, under scotopic conditions without glare and scotopic conditions with glare, FS-LASIK-CV group showed more improvement in log CS at two spatial frequencies(12.0 c/d and 18.0 c/d;P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Both FS-LASIK-CV and SMILE demonstrate to be safe, effective, and predictable in treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Early postoperative improvement in UCVA and CSF at high spatial frequency under scotopic conditions were better after FS-LASIK-CV than SMILE.

SMILE和WG-FS-LASIK治疗低度无散光近视患者术后早期视觉质量比较

目的比较飞秒激光小切口角膜基质内透镜取出术(SMILE)和波前像差引导的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(WG-FS-LASIK)治疗低度无散光近视患者术后的早期视觉质量。方法选择2022年3月至6月在广西壮族自治区人民医院视光中心行SMILE治疗的患者15例(30眼,SMILE组),行WG-FS-LASIK治疗的患者15例(30眼,WG-FS-LASIK组)。所有患者术前无散光且最佳矫正视力所需最低球镜度数均≤-3.00 D。于术前和术后1 d、1周、1个月测量视力、全眼像差(慧差、三叶草像差和球差)、客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止频率(MTF_(cut-off))、斯特列尔比(SR)、可预测对比度视力(PVA)(包括PVA 100%、PVA 20%、PVA 9%)。比较两组观察指标测量结果。结果两组术后等效球镜、视力情况均较术前显著改善(P<0.05),但两组各时间点比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后OSI、SR、PVA 9%均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。WG-FS-LASIK组在术后1 d、1周、1个月的OSI水平均显著低于SMILE组(P<0.05)。在术后1个月,WG-FS-LASIK组PVA 9%显著高于SMILE组(P<0.05)。SMILE组和WG-FS-LASIK组术后慧差均呈先上升后下降的趋势,但WG-FS-LASIK组变化幅度更小,在术后1 d、1周、1个月,WG-FS-LASIK组慧差小于SMILE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SMILE和WG-FS-LASIK均能提高低度无散光近视患者术后早期视觉质量,但WG-FS-LASIK早期视力恢复更好,且夜间视觉质量改善更优。

Comparison of correcting myopia and astigmatism with SMILE or FS-LASIK and postoperative higher-order aberrations

AIM:To compare the effect of myopia and astigmatism correction and postoperative change in higher-order aberration as results of receiving small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS:A prospective and non-randomized controlled study was conducted.The subjects are divided into two groups according to different operations received:229 eyes of 116 patients in the SMILE group and 168 eyes of 86 patients in the FS-LASIK group.All subjects were followed up for 3 mo by monitoring their uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),spherical equivalent,higher-order aberrations,and the preoperative and postoperative complications.RESULTS:At 1 wk,1,and 3 mo post-surgery,224 eyes(97.8%),227 eyes(99.1%)and 229 eyes(100%)had UCVA≥20/20 in the SMILE group,while 165 eyes(98.2%),167 eyes(99.4%)and 167 eyes(99.4%)had UCVA≥20/20 in the FS-LASIK group,respectively(χ^(2)=0.146,2.135,and 1.124;all P>0.05).BCVA reduction was not observed in both groups at 1 and 3 mo of post-surgery(χ^(2)=0.734 and 1.898,P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the spherical equivalent between the two groups at 1 and 3 mo post-surgery,though the percentage of the spherical equivalent within±0.50 D at 3 mo postsurgery was 98%in the SMILE group,which was higherthan that of the FS-LASIK group(92%,χ^(2)=1.872,P>0.05).The root mean square(RMS)values of total high-order aberration,coma,and spherical aberration of the two groups increased significantly in the early postoperative period and decreased after 3 mo,but the values were still higher than the preoperative levels(P<0.05);there was no significant difference between the two groups in the RMS values of total higher-order aberrations and specific higherorder aberrations(P>0.05).The incidence of complications in the SMILE group was lower than that in the FS-LASIK group(χ^(2)=14.52,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:SMILE and FS-LASIK can effectively treat myopia,significantly improve visual acuity,and increase the total high-order aberration,spherical aberration,and coma.The incidence of complications after SMILE is relatively low.

Visual outcomes after three different surgical procedures for correction of refractive error in patients with thin corneas

AIM:To investigate and compare the visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE),laser assisted sub-epithelial keratomileusis(LASEK),and LASEK combined with corneal collagen cross-linking(LASEKCXL)surgery in patients with less than 500μm of central corneal thickness(CCT).METHODS:The retrospective medical records review was conducted on the patients with CCT less than 500μm treated with SMILE,LASEK,and LASEK-CXL.There was a total of 172 eyes,76 eyes were in the SMILE group,53 eyes in the LASEK group,and 43 eyes in the LASEK-CXL group.Uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),spherical equivalent refraction(SE),and corneal haze were followed up in the three groups for 12 mo.RESULTS:At 12 mo postoperatively,there were no statistically significant differences in UDVA and in the absolute value of SE between the three groups.The predictability within±0.50 D in the SMILE group(85.5%)was significantly higher than in both the LASEK group(64.2%,P<0.01)and the LASEK-CXL group(69.8%,P=0.04).The efficacy index and safety index were not significantly different among the three groups.Corneal haze at 12 mo postoperatively was higher in the LASEK-CXL group(27.9%)than in the SMILE group(2.6%,P<0.01)and in the LASEK group(7.5%,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:In patients with CCT less than 500μm,SMILE,LASEK,and LASEK-CXL appear to be effective for myopic correction.Among them,SMILE surgery shows the highest predictability.

飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术治疗中度、高度近视的优势研究

目的 分析飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)治疗中度、高度近视的优势。方法 回顾性分析2023年5月至2023年10月在本院行飞秒激光术治疗的100例中度、高度近视患者临床资料,根据术式将患者分为两组,行飞秒激光辅助的原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)者为A组(49例98眼),行SMILE者为B组(51例102眼)。分别比较两组中度、高度近视患者不同术式治疗后角膜形态、视觉质量参数、眼压、泪膜破裂时间、Schirmer Ⅰ值、眼部舒适度评分(Kolcaba评分)、眼部视觉模拟评分量表评分(VAS评分)的差异。结果 (1)两组中度、高度近视患者术后3个月,角膜后表面曲率、角膜后表面顶点高度、非球面因子Q值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)术后1、7 d,两组Z_(3)^(1)、Z_(3)^(-1)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但B组角膜前表面高阶像差、Z_(4)^(0)均低于A组(P<0.05)。B组中度、高度近视患者术后角膜前表面高阶像差、Z_(4)^(0)均低于A组(P<0.05);两组术后Z_(3)^(1)、Z_(3)^(-1)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)两组中度、高度近视患者术后3个月眼压、泪膜破裂时间、Schirmer Ⅰ值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)术后3个月,两组中度、高度近视患者眼压、泪膜破裂时间、Schirmer Ⅰ值、Kolcaba评分、VAS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 FS-LASIK、SMILE手术治疗均可实现对中度、高度近视患者屈光矫正效果,治疗后均可获得稳定角膜表面形态,患者主观眼部感受均良好,但SMILE术后短期内视觉质量提升优势显著。

2种不同飞秒激光术治疗薄角膜近视散光的效果分析

目的探讨飞秒激光制瓣的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)与飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)治疗薄角膜近视散光的效果。方法选取2022年9月—2023年9月本院收治的薄角膜近视散光患者128例为研究对象,随机分为FS-LASIK组(64例,128眼,接受FS-LASIK治疗)和SMILE组(64例,124眼,接受SMILE治疗)。比较2组患者术前及术后1年视力水平[未矫正视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)],术后3、6、12个月的屈光参数等效球镜(SE)水平,术前及术后1年角膜表面形态[角膜平均曲率值(K_(Ave))、角膜表面规则指数(SRI)、角膜表面不对称指数(SAI)],以及角膜生物力学参数[角膜扩张综合偏差分析指数(BAD-D)、角膜生物力学指数(CBI)、综合分析指数(TBI)]、角膜损伤程度[角膜内皮细胞计数、角膜内皮细胞大小变异系数(CV)]、术后散光矫正矢量指标[误差幅度(ME)、误差角度(AE)、矫正指数(CI)和成功指数(IOS)]的差异,并记录术后残余基质床厚度及并发症发生情况。结果术后1年,2组UCVA和BCVA均较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3、6、12个月,2组SE水平均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但组间以上时点的SE水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年,2组角膜表面形态KAve、SRI、SAI水平均较术前降低,且SMILE组低于FS-LASIK组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年,2组BAD-D和TBI均较术前升高,CBI均较术前降低,但SMILE组BAD-D和TBI低于FS-LASIK组,CBI高于FS-LASIK组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年,2组角膜内皮细胞计数均较术前降低,角膜内皮细胞大小CV较术前升高,但SMILE组角膜内皮细胞计数高于FS-LASIK组,角膜内皮细胞大小CV低于FS-LASIK组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组术后ME、AE、CI和IOS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后FS-LASIK组残余基质床厚度为(302.01±55.03)μm,SMILE组为(310.23±46.03)μm,差异无统计学意义(t=1.284,P=0.200);术后1年,FS-LASIK组发生干眼症5例,SMILE组2例,2组干眼症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.227,P=0.268)。结论对于薄角膜的近视散光患者,应用FS-LASIK和SMILE治疗均能取得满意的视力提升和屈光改善效果,但后者对角膜结构完整性、生物力学稳定性以及手术损伤程度的影响相对更小。

SMILE和超薄瓣FS-LASIK矫正中度近视疗效比较

目的比较飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)和超薄瓣飞秒激光辅助准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS‐LASIK)矫正中度近视的临床疗效。方法回顾性病例对照研究。本研究纳入了年龄、性别和角膜厚度匹配合适的中度近视(等效球镜度-3.00~-6.00 D)患者,36例接受SMILE治疗患者的72只眼和36例接受超薄瓣FS‐LASIK治疗患者的72只眼。分别于术前及术后3个月记录所有患者的视力、屈光度及角膜高阶像差等变量,最后进行统计学分析以评估手术疗效。结果在术后随访3个月时,SMILE组和超薄瓣FS‐LASIK组疗效指数和安全指数比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.179和-0.255,P=0.242和0.800)。SMILE组和超薄瓣FS‐LASIK组术后屈光度呈正视并相对稳定,术后等效球镜度比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.206,P=0.837)。SMILE组和超薄瓣FS‐LASIK组患者的角膜后表面曲率和非球面因子Q值比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.852和0.576,P=0.066和0.566)。SMILE组和超薄瓣FS‐LASIK组患者术前的总高阶像差、球差及彗差与术后比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在术后3个月时,SMILE组患者的总高阶像差及球差明显低于超薄瓣FS‐LASIK组(均P<0.05)。结论SMILE和超薄瓣FS‐LASIK两种术式矫治中度近视均安全有效,但SMILE组患者的术后总高阶像差及球差增加量低于超薄瓣FS‐LASIK组。

飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术治疗近视性屈光参差

目的:探讨飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)治疗近视性屈光参差的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2021-01/2022-12于本院行SMILE或FS-LASIK治疗的近视性屈光参差患者76例146眼的临床资料,根据手术方式分为SMILE组(39例77眼)和FS-LASIK组(37例69眼)。比较两组患者术后1 wk,1、3 mo裸眼视力(UCVA)、屈光度、屈光参差度、角膜像差及术后并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者术后UCVA均较术前改善,彗差、三叶草、球差、总高阶像差均较术前显著增加(P<0.05),且FS-LASIK组患者彗差、三叶草、球差、总高阶像差显著高于SMILE组(P<0.05)。随访至术后3mo,SMILE组术后并发症发生率显著低于FS-LASIK组(5.2%vs 15.9%,P<0.05)。结论:SMILE与FS-LASIK均可有效提高近视性屈光参差患者UCVA,改善视觉质量,但SMILE术后角膜高阶像差更低、并发症发生率更小,整体效果更好。

飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术术后并发症

飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)是一种用于治疗屈光不正的无瓣飞秒激光辅助屈光手术。自2011年首次发表关于SMILE手术的研究以来,这种微创屈光手术因其无需制作角膜瓣,从而避免了相关并发症,已经迅速在眼科界受到青睐。此项创新性技术的优势包括:对角膜生物力学影响小、降低干眼风险以及减少基质层暴露。其在治疗近视和近视散光方面具有稳定性、安全性和有效性。尽管具有诸多优势,但该技术的实施仍具挑战性,并可能有各种术后并发症,如:干眼、感染性角膜炎、弥漫性板层角膜炎、暂时性光敏感综合征、角膜扩张、压力诱导层间基质角膜、角膜上皮内生、视觉相关变化等。为了获得最佳的屈光效果,应早期识别和适当的处理相关并发症。文章对SMILE术后各种并发症的危险因素、临床特点、处理及预防作一综述。