Gripping devices help patients carry out everyday tasks and increase their independence.However,there seems to be a lack of bionic gripping technologies that can fully adapt to any possible shape,as the use of artific...Gripping devices help patients carry out everyday tasks and increase their independence.However,there seems to be a lack of bionic gripping technologies that can fully adapt to any possible shape,as the use of artificial fingers and predetermined grip settings limits the operating space.The development of a more agile device,which is operated by a simple control paradigm,could greatly benefit users.An electrorheological(ER)fluid system should be able to adapt to the shape of an object and then hold that configuration.The aim of this study was to explore if a conceptual prototype of an ER system could hold a geometric shape when it is activated.A test rig was constructed with a moving part(set in different silicone oils)that could be displaced using a tensometer.Silica particles were dispersed in the silicone oils,and a field with a voltage of 4 kV mm?1 was generated to activate the fluid.The results show that the developed system can support an increased force when activated and hold a simple geometric position without any noticeable delay.This outcome provides an initial proof of concept for a possible new(gravity-assisted)gripping approach using smart fluids,which could be developed with materials that are biocompatible and widely available.展开更多
AIM:To compare the changes in the objective visual quality of patients with low and moderate myopia postoperatively after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using the smart pulse technology(SMART)and femtosec...AIM:To compare the changes in the objective visual quality of patients with low and moderate myopia postoperatively after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using the smart pulse technology(SMART)and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS:Corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs),horizontal coma,vertical coma and spherical aberration were measured using Pentacam,and cutoff for modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff),objective scatter index(OSI)and Strehl ratio(SR)was measured using an optical quality analysis system(OQAS-II),before and after operation at 1,3,and 6 mo,and data were analyzed by repeated measurement two-way analysis of variance.RESULTS:The difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity between SMART and FS-LASIK was statistically significant only 1 wk postoperatively.Approximately 86.36%and 80.69%of patients with spherical equivalent(SE)in±0.50 D were observed in the SMART and FS-LASIK groups,respectively.No significant difference was observed in SE between the two groups(P=0.509).The HOAs increased postoperatively compared with those before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).No significant difference in HOA,corneal horizontal coma,spherical aberration,ΔHOA,Δhorizontal coma,andΔspherical aberration were observed between the two group(P>0.05).Corneal vertical coma andΔcorneal vertical coma in the FS-LASIK group were higher than those in the SMART group(P<0.05).The OSI of both groups at 1 mo after surgery was higher than that before surgery(P<0.05).At 3 and 6 mo postoperatively,the OSI in the FS-LASIK group was slightly higher than that in the SMART group(P=0.040 and 0.047,respectively).At 6 mo after surgery,the MTF cutoff was statistically significant different between the two groups(P=0.026).No significant difference in SR between the FS-LASIK and SMART groups was observed at 1,3,and 6 mo postoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The HOAs increase and visual quality is delayed in both groups postoperatively,and the long-term objective visual quality after SMART is slightly better than that after FS-LASIK.展开更多
目的:分析飞秒激光制瓣的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)与智能脉冲技术辅助经角膜上皮准分子激光角膜切削术(SMART)手术前后客观视觉质量的变化情况。方法:前瞻性研究。收集2018-10/2018-12在我院眼科行FS-LASIK术和SMART术的患者...目的:分析飞秒激光制瓣的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)与智能脉冲技术辅助经角膜上皮准分子激光角膜切削术(SMART)手术前后客观视觉质量的变化情况。方法:前瞻性研究。收集2018-10/2018-12在我院眼科行FS-LASIK术和SMART术的患者各50例100眼,手术前后使用OQAS客观视觉质量分析系统测量两组患者的客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止频率(MTF cut off)和斯特列尔比(SR)等客观视觉质量指标。结果:与术前相比,术后1、3mo两组患者OSI均升高,MTF cut off和SR均降低(P<0.05)。术前、术后1mo,两组患者客观视觉质量指标均无差异(P>0.05),但术后3mo FS-LASIK组患者OSI高于SMART组(0.88±0.28 vs 0.70±0.27,P<0.001),SR低于SMART组(0.21±0.05 vs 0.24±0.05,P=0.002)。结论:FS-LASIK与SMART术后均会造成眼内散射指数的升高及客观视觉质量的降低,但SMART术后视觉质量总体较FS-LASIK术后恢复更好,长期视觉质量更占优势。展开更多
Background:To evaluate predictability,stability,efficacy,and safety of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)using smart pulse technology(SPT)(SmartSurface procedure)of Schwind Amaris with mitomycin C for c...Background:To evaluate predictability,stability,efficacy,and safety of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)using smart pulse technology(SPT)(SmartSurface procedure)of Schwind Amaris with mitomycin C for correction of post small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)myopic residual refractive errors.Method:This study is a prospective,non-comparative case series conducted at a private eye centre in Ismailia,Egypt,on eyes with post-SMILE myopic residual refractive errors because of undercorrection or suction loss(suction loss occurred after the posterior lenticular cut and the creation of side-cuts;redocking was attempted,and the treatment was completed in the same session with the same parameters)with myopia or myopic astigmatism.The patients were followed up post-SMILE for six months before the SmartSurface procedure,and then they were followed up for one year after that.TPRK were performed using Amaris excimer laser at 500 kHz.The main outcomes included refractive predictability,stability,efficacy,safety and any reported complications.Results:This study included 68 eyes of 40 patients out of 1920 total eyes(3.5%)with post-SMILE technique myopic residual refractive errors.The average duration between the SMILE surgery and TPRK was 6.7±0.4 months(range 6 to 8 months).The mean refractive spherical equivalent(SE)was within±0.50 D of plano correction in 100%of the eyes at 12 months post-TPRK.Astigmatism of<0.50 D was achieved in 100%of the eyes.The mean of the residual SE error showed statistically significant improvement from preoperative−1.42±0.52 D to 0.23±0.10 D(P<0.0001).Uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)(measured by Snellen’s chart and averaged in logMAR units)was improved significantly to 0.1±0.07(P<0.0001).UDVA was 0.2 logMAR or better in 100%of the eyes,0.1 logMAR or better in 91.2%of the eyes,and 0.0 logMAR in 20.6%of the eyes.Corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)remained unchanged in 79.4%of eyes.14.7%of eyes gained one line of CDVA(Snellen).5.9%of eyes gained two lines of CDVA(Snellen).Conclusion:Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using smart pulse technology with mitomycin C enhancement after SMILE is a safe,predictable,stable,and effective technique.展开更多
文摘Gripping devices help patients carry out everyday tasks and increase their independence.However,there seems to be a lack of bionic gripping technologies that can fully adapt to any possible shape,as the use of artificial fingers and predetermined grip settings limits the operating space.The development of a more agile device,which is operated by a simple control paradigm,could greatly benefit users.An electrorheological(ER)fluid system should be able to adapt to the shape of an object and then hold that configuration.The aim of this study was to explore if a conceptual prototype of an ER system could hold a geometric shape when it is activated.A test rig was constructed with a moving part(set in different silicone oils)that could be displaced using a tensometer.Silica particles were dispersed in the silicone oils,and a field with a voltage of 4 kV mm?1 was generated to activate the fluid.The results show that the developed system can support an increased force when activated and hold a simple geometric position without any noticeable delay.This outcome provides an initial proof of concept for a possible new(gravity-assisted)gripping approach using smart fluids,which could be developed with materials that are biocompatible and widely available.
基金Supported by Tianjin Clinical Key Discipline Project(No.TJLCZDXKM013)。
文摘AIM:To compare the changes in the objective visual quality of patients with low and moderate myopia postoperatively after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using the smart pulse technology(SMART)and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS:Corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs),horizontal coma,vertical coma and spherical aberration were measured using Pentacam,and cutoff for modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff),objective scatter index(OSI)and Strehl ratio(SR)was measured using an optical quality analysis system(OQAS-II),before and after operation at 1,3,and 6 mo,and data were analyzed by repeated measurement two-way analysis of variance.RESULTS:The difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity between SMART and FS-LASIK was statistically significant only 1 wk postoperatively.Approximately 86.36%and 80.69%of patients with spherical equivalent(SE)in±0.50 D were observed in the SMART and FS-LASIK groups,respectively.No significant difference was observed in SE between the two groups(P=0.509).The HOAs increased postoperatively compared with those before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).No significant difference in HOA,corneal horizontal coma,spherical aberration,ΔHOA,Δhorizontal coma,andΔspherical aberration were observed between the two group(P>0.05).Corneal vertical coma andΔcorneal vertical coma in the FS-LASIK group were higher than those in the SMART group(P<0.05).The OSI of both groups at 1 mo after surgery was higher than that before surgery(P<0.05).At 3 and 6 mo postoperatively,the OSI in the FS-LASIK group was slightly higher than that in the SMART group(P=0.040 and 0.047,respectively).At 6 mo after surgery,the MTF cutoff was statistically significant different between the two groups(P=0.026).No significant difference in SR between the FS-LASIK and SMART groups was observed at 1,3,and 6 mo postoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The HOAs increase and visual quality is delayed in both groups postoperatively,and the long-term objective visual quality after SMART is slightly better than that after FS-LASIK.
文摘目的:分析飞秒激光制瓣的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)与智能脉冲技术辅助经角膜上皮准分子激光角膜切削术(SMART)手术前后客观视觉质量的变化情况。方法:前瞻性研究。收集2018-10/2018-12在我院眼科行FS-LASIK术和SMART术的患者各50例100眼,手术前后使用OQAS客观视觉质量分析系统测量两组患者的客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止频率(MTF cut off)和斯特列尔比(SR)等客观视觉质量指标。结果:与术前相比,术后1、3mo两组患者OSI均升高,MTF cut off和SR均降低(P<0.05)。术前、术后1mo,两组患者客观视觉质量指标均无差异(P>0.05),但术后3mo FS-LASIK组患者OSI高于SMART组(0.88±0.28 vs 0.70±0.27,P<0.001),SR低于SMART组(0.21±0.05 vs 0.24±0.05,P=0.002)。结论:FS-LASIK与SMART术后均会造成眼内散射指数的升高及客观视觉质量的降低,但SMART术后视觉质量总体较FS-LASIK术后恢复更好,长期视觉质量更占优势。
文摘Background:To evaluate predictability,stability,efficacy,and safety of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)using smart pulse technology(SPT)(SmartSurface procedure)of Schwind Amaris with mitomycin C for correction of post small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)myopic residual refractive errors.Method:This study is a prospective,non-comparative case series conducted at a private eye centre in Ismailia,Egypt,on eyes with post-SMILE myopic residual refractive errors because of undercorrection or suction loss(suction loss occurred after the posterior lenticular cut and the creation of side-cuts;redocking was attempted,and the treatment was completed in the same session with the same parameters)with myopia or myopic astigmatism.The patients were followed up post-SMILE for six months before the SmartSurface procedure,and then they were followed up for one year after that.TPRK were performed using Amaris excimer laser at 500 kHz.The main outcomes included refractive predictability,stability,efficacy,safety and any reported complications.Results:This study included 68 eyes of 40 patients out of 1920 total eyes(3.5%)with post-SMILE technique myopic residual refractive errors.The average duration between the SMILE surgery and TPRK was 6.7±0.4 months(range 6 to 8 months).The mean refractive spherical equivalent(SE)was within±0.50 D of plano correction in 100%of the eyes at 12 months post-TPRK.Astigmatism of<0.50 D was achieved in 100%of the eyes.The mean of the residual SE error showed statistically significant improvement from preoperative−1.42±0.52 D to 0.23±0.10 D(P<0.0001).Uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)(measured by Snellen’s chart and averaged in logMAR units)was improved significantly to 0.1±0.07(P<0.0001).UDVA was 0.2 logMAR or better in 100%of the eyes,0.1 logMAR or better in 91.2%of the eyes,and 0.0 logMAR in 20.6%of the eyes.Corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)remained unchanged in 79.4%of eyes.14.7%of eyes gained one line of CDVA(Snellen).5.9%of eyes gained two lines of CDVA(Snellen).Conclusion:Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using smart pulse technology with mitomycin C enhancement after SMILE is a safe,predictable,stable,and effective technique.
