鹿龙再生汤对再障小鼠外周血单个核细胞及脾teff细胞T-bet和GATA-3基因表达的影响

目的探讨鹿龙再生汤对再生障碍性贫血(简称再障)模型小鼠外周血单个核细胞以及脾CD4+CD25-细胞(teff细胞)中T-bet、GATA-3基因表达的影响。方法通过IFN-γ腹腔注射加白消安灌胃的方法建造40只再障小鼠模型,分别予同体积的生理盐水、一般浓度、5倍浓度和10倍浓度的鹿龙再生汤进行灌胃治疗,分别归为再障组、再障小剂量组、再障中剂量组和再障大剂量组(n=10);另取40只正常小鼠按上述方法进行分组处理,分别归为正常组、正常小剂量组、正常中剂量组和正常大剂量组(n=10)。通过骨髓活检病理学检查观察用药后各组小鼠的骨髓造血变化,免疫磁珠分选各组小鼠脾teff细胞,利用RT-PCR技术检测各组小鼠外周血单个核细胞以及脾teff细胞T-bet、GATA-3基因mRNA的表达情况。结果 (1)与再障组相比,再障中剂量组和再障大剂量组小鼠的骨髓造血有所恢复,尤其是再障大剂量组。(2)再障大剂量组小鼠的外周血单个核细胞以及脾teff细胞T-bet基因mRNA的表达、T-bet/GATA-3的比值较再障组均明显下降(P<0.05),而GATA-3基因mRNA的表达明显上调(P<0.05)。结论大剂量鹿龙再生汤可改善再障小鼠骨髓造血功能,可能是通过调节再障小鼠外周血单个核细胞及脾teff细胞的T-bet、GATA-3基因的表达来实现。

Teff, Buckwheat, Quinoa and Amaranth: Ancient Whole Grain Gluten-Free Egg-Free Pasta

This report demonstrates innovative ancient whole grains, gluten-free, egg-free pasta (no chemicals added) made using a kitchen counter-top appliance. Whole grain, fusilli pasta was prepared with teff, buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth flours. These ancient grains are called “Super Foods” due to their ideal essential amino acids and mineral profiles. Dough formulations contained 95% whole grain flour and 5% guar gum. Taste panels of 62 in-house volunteers judged amaranth pasta significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in color/appearance than other pastas tested. Odor/aroma of buckwheat pasta and texture/mouth-feel of teff pasta were significantly better than quinoa and amaranth pasta. Acceptance and taste/flavor of teff and buckwheat pasta were similar and significantly higher than quinoa and amaranth pasta (teff = buckwheat > quinoa > amaranth). The USDA food guide recommends that at least 1/2 of all the grains eaten should be whole grains. The FDA allows food Health Claim labels for food containing 51% whole gains and 11 g of dietary fiber per serving. Novel health promoting whole grain, good source of protein, gluten-free, egg-free (no chemicals added) pasta had acceptance of teff 87%, buckwheat 82%, quinoa 61% and amaranth 15%. Amaranth pasta needs improvement in several sensory attributes by fortification, processing and/or use of other cultivars for the desired results. Ancient whole grain, gluten-free, egg-free pasta would increase whole grain consumption and offer a healthy option to vegetarians as well as to gluten sensitive individuals.

Functional Properties of Teff and Oat Composites

Teff-oat composites were developed using gluten free teff flour containing essential amino acids and minerals along with oat products containing β-glucan known for lowering blood cholesterol. Teff-oat composites were evaluated for their pasting and rheological properties by a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) and an advanced rheometer. All teff-oat composites showed increased water holding and pasting viscosities with increasing oat contents compared to wheat flour. However, they were only significantly influenced by 80% oat products in teff-oat composites compared with teff flour alone. OBC (oat bran concentrate) had the highest elastic modulus G’ among the starting materials. The elastic modulus G’ for teff-Nutrim (oat bran hydrocolloid) composites were decreased with increasing Nutrim contents in composites. In contrast, the increasing content of OBC in composites significantly raised both G’ and G”. The elastic modulus G’ and viscous modulus G” for all teff-OBC composites were higher than teff and wheat flour. All WOF composites showed similar rheological properties. All composites had shear thinning properties that are important to mouthfeel and industrial applications. These teff-oat composites were developed using feasible procedures. They have improved nutritional value and texture qualities for functional food applications.

Determination of Selected Essential and Non-Essential Metals in Three Types of Teff (<i>Eragrostis tef</i>) Cultivated in Southern Ethiopia

Teff (Eragrostis tef) is used to supply staple food “injera” for many Ethiopians. The present study was aimed toward determining the extent of selected metals that can exist in three types of teff cultivated in selected districts of southern Ethiopia. The level of those metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized wet digestion procedure was evaluated employing a spiking method and an acceptable percentage recovery of (91.1% - 108.9%) has been obtained for metals in the teff. Oven dried 1 g of teff samples were digested using 5 mL of HNO3 and 1 mL of HClO4 at 300°C for 3 hours. The result indicated that the mean concentration of metals (in mg/kg dry weight basis) in teff samples were found to be from 1206.9 to 1768.9 of Ca, 2463.9 to 2554.7 of Mg, 82.6 to 109.9 of Na, 2879 to 3075 of K, 207.4 to 239.5 of Fe, 55.9 to 100.4 of Mn, 27.1 to 87.1 of Zn, 5.4 to 45.5 of Cu and 0.118 to 0.130 of Pb respectively. However, Cd is below the method detection limit. A statistical analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the mineral content in three teff types and teff from the three districts. Red teff had higher essential metal contents except Cu followed by brown teff. Strong positive correlation was recognized between Mg with Ca and K, the rest have moderate or weak correlation. Further study has been done on the mineral contents of similar variety or three types of teff with the soil analysis from different locations.

Factors Affecting Teff (Eragrostis tef) Market Supply in Woliso and Becho Districts of South West Shoa Zone Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

This study was aimed to analyze teff (Eragrostis tef) market chain in south west Shoa zone with objective of factors affecting teff market supply using two stage ordinary least square approaches. The majority of Ethiopia’s population earns its livelihood primarily from agriculture. Cereals teff is the first in Ethiopia area coverage and production. Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a major staple food crop in Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data was collected from 138 sampled farmers and 38 traders from both districts by using semi-structured interview. The OLS (ordinary least square) model results showed that seven explanatory variables significantly affected the quantity of teff supplied to the market supplied by smallholder producers. Age, education level and current market price were negatively and significantly affecting teff market supply. Distance to the nearest market, farm size, perception and quantity produced were positively and significantly influencing marketed supply of teff. Policy implications that were to take place highly recommendation those are relevant to improve teff marketing system in the study area which indicated production and market orientation were set based on the significant variables and raised problems by the stakeholders. To improve market supply of teff in the study area resolving the prevailing production problems deems a necessary condition.

17β-雌二醇对ApoE-/-鼠Teff/Treg细胞平衡和氧化应激的影响及与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨不同时间给予17β-雌二醇(E2)替代治疗对apo E-/-雌鼠动脉粥样硬化(As)病变内效应性T细胞(Teff)和调节性T细胞(Treg)平衡和氧化应激的影响及其与As的关系。方法 5周龄apo E-/-鼠摘除卵巢后用高脂餐喂养,随机分为早期、延迟及持续治疗组,给予E2皮下注射(5μg/天)8周或16周,检测主动脉根部As病变大小、组成改变以及硫氧还蛋白TRX1的表达,并检测As病变内Th1细胞的细胞因子IFN-γ、Treg细胞的转录因子Foxp3和TRX1 m RNA的表达。结果 (1)和对照组相比,早期E2治疗使apo E-/-鼠脂质条纹的面积显著减少(8.82%±0.98%vs.19.3%±1.26%in controls,P<0.01);而延迟E2治疗纤维脂质斑块的面积明显增加(30.7%±0.74%vs.25.1%±0.94%in controls,P<0.05);持续E2治疗纤维脂质斑块的面积亦明显降低(22.48%±0.92%vs.25.63%±1.04%in controls,P<0.05);(2)延迟E2治疗斑块内胶原和平滑肌细胞含量明显减少,而巨噬细胞数量显著增加;持续E2治疗斑块内胶原和平滑肌细胞含量明显增加,而巨噬细胞数量明显减少;(3)早期及持续E2治疗As病变内代表促炎作用的IFN-γm RNA的表达明显降低,而延迟E2治疗斑块内IFN-γm RNA的表达明显增加;(4)早期及持续E2治疗AS病变内代表抑炎作用的Foxp3 m RNA的表达明显增加,而延迟E2治疗斑块内Foxp3 m RNA的表达明显降低;(5)早期及持续E2治疗,apo E-/-鼠血清过氧化脂质(LPO)的含量明显减少,而延迟E2治疗血清LPO含量明显增加;(6)早期及持续E2治疗As病变内TRX1 m RNA及蛋白水平的表达明显降低;而延迟E2治疗斑块内TRX1 m RNA及蛋白水平的表达却明显增加。结论 apo E-/-鼠摘除卵巢后,早期E2替代治疗可抑制As病变的形成,而缺乏雌激素一定时间后,再给予E2治疗却加速了As病变的进展并使斑块趋于不稳定,其机制与调节Teff/Treg细胞平衡以及对氧化应激的影响有关。

Foxp3基因转染的Teff细胞抗高危角膜移植排斥的作用

目的探讨Foxp3基因转染的Teff淋巴细胞在抗高危角膜移植排斥中的作用。方法将Foxp3基因转染Teff淋巴细胞与Teff淋巴细胞进行混合培养,观察其对Teff淋巴细胞的抑制作用;角膜缝线法诱导Balb/c小鼠产生角膜新生血管,角膜缝线1周后以Balb/c小鼠为受体,以C57/BL6小鼠为供体行穿透性角膜移植,术前1 d尾静脉输入Foxp3基因转染的Teff淋巴细胞。术后,每天观察角膜植片排斥情况;每两周尾静脉取血观察淋巴细胞分型。结果体外实验显示Foxp3基因转染的Teff淋巴细胞对Teff淋巴细胞具有明显抑制作用;在高危角膜移植小鼠,Foxp3基因转染的Teff淋巴细胞可适当延长植片存活时间(19.71±4.19)d,Treg组角膜植片存活时间(19.28±4.46)d,两组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);空白组角膜存活时间(15.57±2.22),与Foxp3基因转染的Teff细胞组对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);流式细胞学检查显示:Fox P3转染的淋巴细胞可延缓CD4+T淋巴细胞与CD8+T淋巴细胞增殖。结论转染Foxp3基因的Teff细胞具有抗移植排斥作用。

蛋白质组成对苔麸面条品质影响及其作用机制

为改进苔麸面条品质,通过重组面粉法改变谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白含量,探究蛋白质组成对苔麸面条品质的影响,并对作用机制进行研究。结果表明:在谷蛋白∶醇溶蛋白含量为2.0∶1.0时,苔麸面条吸水率最高、蒸煮损失最低、亮度最高、硬度最大、面条品质最佳;蛋白质组成显著影响面团热稳定性、蛋白二级结构、麦谷蛋白大聚体含量、二硫键含量和面团微观结构的完整性;通过改变蛋白质组成可以提高面团热变性温度、降低焓值,提高β-折叠、麦谷蛋白大聚体和二硫键含量,从而形成连续且致密的结构,进而改善苔麸面条品质。综上,蛋白质组成能够显著影响苔麸面条品质。

苔麸播种机气流输送式排种系统设计与试验

设计了一种苔麸播种机气流输送式排种系统,该系统主要由排种器、风送输种管、分配器和风机等关键部件组成。对排种器、风送输种管和分配器进行理论分析与设计,得到关键参数模型和理论值,完成风机选型,搭建了气流输送式排种系统试验平台。采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计试验,以风送输种管进口风速和播种量为影响因素,以总排种量稳定性变异系数和各行排种量一致性变异系数为响应指标,对气流输送式排种系统进行台架试验,运用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行方差分析、响应面分析,得到最优工作参数组合:风速25. 42 m/s,播种量15 kg/hm2。最优参数组合试验结果表明,各行排种量一致性变异系数4. 96%,总排种量稳定性变系数0. 98%,试验值与理论优化值相对误差小于4. 2%,种子破损率0. 12%,排种均匀性变异系数20. 4%,满足标准和农艺要求。

Antioxidant Activities of Selective Gluten Free Ancient Grains

Ancient grains were known for special nutritional values along with gluten free qualities. Amaranth, quinoa, teff, and buckwheat flours were evaluated for pasting properties, water holding capacities, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities (free and bound). They all had higher water holding capacities than wheat flour. Amaranth, quinoa, and teff showed higher pasting viscosities than wheat flour. Buckwheat flour had the highest free, bound and total phenolic contents among the flours in all aqueous extracts. The bound phenolic contents were higher than the free phenolic contents regardless of the solvents with the exception of water extraction of quinoa and buckwheat. The free phenolic compounds for all four flours were highest in water extract, and least in 100% ethanol. Bound antioxidant activities were much higher than the free antioxidant activities regardless of solvents for all products. The free antioxidant activities from water and 50% ethanol were higher than 100% ethanol. In contrast, more bound phenolics were extracted with 100% ethanol than water and 50% ethanol. Our study suggested that the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of grains could be underestimated in the literature without considering the bound phenolic compounds. These ancient grains have nutrition, antioxidants, and textural qualities suitable for functional foods.

提高甲亢^(131)碘一次治愈率的探讨

分析~131碘治疗甲亢一次治愈组与未愈组的临床资料。经统计学方法处理,找出影响疗效的主要因素包括甲状腺重量、Teff、总~131碘剂量、拉德数等。

Ancient Whole Grain Gluten-Free Flatbreads

This is the only report demonstrating innovative ancient whole grain gluten-free (no yeast or chemicals) products. Ancient whole grain gluten-free flatbreads were prepared with quinoa, teff, amaranth and buckwheat flours. Dough formulations contained flour, salt and water. Ingredients were mixed for 5 min using table top Kitchen Aid mixer at stir setting 1. Dough was equilibrated for 30 min. 65 g of dough was placed between two sheets of nonstick parchment paper and pressed to 17 cm round flatbreads in a Tortilla Chapatti Press. Each flatbread was cooked for two minutes (one minute each side) in using Flatbread Maker. Taste panels of 64 inhouse volunteers determined that Taste/Flavor of quinoa, teff and amaranth flatbreads were similar and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) better than those for buckwheat flatbread. The taste panel determined ancient whole grain gluten-free flatbreads had acceptance of quinoa 84%, teff 72%, amaranth 66% and buckwheat 38%. Each ancient whole grain gluten-free flatbread contained 25 - 30 g whole grain and 4 - 5 g protein. Quinoa, teff and amaranth one flatbread contained 2 - 3 g dietary fiber, whereas buckwheat flatbread contained 8 g dietary fiber. Consuming two whole grain gluten-free flatbreads with two meals (total = 4) would give 4 - 32 g of dietary fiber. The USDA food guide recom mends that at least 1/2 of all the grains eaten should be whole grains. The FDA allows food Health Claim labels for food containing 51% whole gains and 11 g of dietary fiber. The gluten sensitive individuals would enjoy tasty, health promoting, ancient whole grain easy to make flatbreads. These recipes offer consumers additional nutritious gluten-free choices and would lead to in crease in whole grain consumption.

画眉草多糖提取及其保湿性能研究

本文以脱脂画眉草为原料,用纤维素酶超声辅助法提取多糖;经脱蛋白、脱色、DEAE-纤维素分离纯化,得到3种多糖TPS1、TPS2、TPS3,提取率分别为0.42%、0.66%、0.54%。通过高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC)分析,3种多糖的分子量分别为7886 Da、8467 Da、6366 Da;高效离子色谱(HPIC)测得TPS1组成单糖为果糖,TPS2、TPS3组成单糖为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、核糖和一种未知糖。对多糖TPS2的保湿和吸湿性研究结果表明TPS2的保湿和吸湿能力均优于常用保湿剂甘油、聚乙二醇400、1,3-丁二醇、壳聚糖。

响应面法优化苔麸面条配方与工艺

采用苔麸部分替代小麦面粉制作苔麸面条。以感官评分为响应值,通过单因素试验结合响应面法对苔麸面条配方与工艺进行优化,并研究苔麸的加入对面条品质的影响。结果表明:当苔麸添加量(质量比)为17.31%、食盐添加量为1.74%、水添加量为37.57%、压延次数为11次时,获得的苔麸面条具有较好的感官品质,能够满足消费者对感官品质的需求。

全苔麸面条品质评价及影响因素分析

基于苔麸面条的色泽、蒸煮品质、质构品质和感官品质,利用主成分分析法建立全苔麸面条综合品质评价模型。通过计算不同谷朊粉添加量、谷朊粉种类、谷蛋白添加量、加水量和压延次数下全苔麸面条的综合得分,结合逐步回归分析,研究原料组成和工艺对全苔麸面条的影响。结果表明:各加工因素对全苔麸面条不同品质指标的影响不同,全苔麸面条各品质指标间有部分相关性;根据累计方差贡献率,从12个指标中提取出4个特征值大于1的因子,累计贡献率达90.670%。对全苔麸面条进行综合评分,发现在苔麸100 g、食用盐2 g、谷朊粉15 g、谷蛋白10 g、水添加量67 g、压延15次时得到的全苔麸面条综合得分最高。逐步回归分析结果表明,谷蛋白添加量对全苔麸面条的综合得分影响最大。

苔麸机械化装备发展现状及国际合作建议

为提高苔麸全程机械化生产水平,依据苔麸作物特性、种植条件,综合分析了苔麸全程机械化装备研究进展,梳理装备基本技术条件和推广情况。在此基础上,通过分析苔麸主产区相关国家的农业生产基本条件、设备使用情况、工业基础人才条件,提出通过加大“机艺”融合、借助援外农业合作机制、推进苔麸装备技术援助项目落地的基本思路,对推进“农业走出去”的政策制定和实践有一定参考意义。

PTPROt maintains T cell immunity in the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Intratumoral T cells play a central role in anti-tumor immunity,and the balance between T effector cells(Teff)and regulatory T cells(Treg)affects the prognosis of cancer patients.However,educated by tumor microenvironment,T cells frequently fail in their responsibility.In this study,we aimed to investigate the role of truncated isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-typeO(PTPROt)in T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.We recruited 70 hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients and 30 healthy volunteers for clinical investigation,and analyzed cellular tumor immunity by using ptpro^(-/-) C57BL/6 mice and NOD/SCID mice.PTPROt expression was significantly downregulated in human HCC-infiltrating T cells due to the hypoxia microenvironment;PTPROt expression highly correlated with the intratumoral Teff/Treg ratio and clinicopathologic characteristics.Moreover,PTPROt deficiency attenuated T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and remarkably promoted mouse HCC growth.Mechanistically,deletion of PTPROt decreased Teff quantity and quality through phosphorylation of lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase,but increased Treg differentiation through phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5.In support of the Teff/Treg homeostasis,PTPROt serves as an important tumor suppressor in HCC microenvironment.

Tillage and crop management impacts on soil loss and crop yields in northwestern Ethiopia

Lack of appropriate agronomic practices is one of the major causes for soil erosion and low yields in teff(Eragrostis tef[Zucc.])production in Ethiopia.A 3-yr study was conducted at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia,to investigate the effects of two tillage practices(reduced tillage[RT]and conventional tillage[CT]),two planting methods(row planting[RP]and broadcast planting[BP]),and two compaction options(with[+T]and without[-T]trampling)on soil loss and teff yields in a split-split plot arrangement.Sediment concentration ranged from 0.01 to 5.37 g L^(-1)(mean,0.25 g L^(-1))in our study.Accordingly,the estimated total(August-October)soil loss ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 t ha^(-1)(mean,0.3 t ha^(-1)).The sediment concentration and total soil loss were significantly influenced(P<0.05)by tillage,planting methods,and trampling only in the third monitoring year.RT reduced soil loss by 19% relative to that of CT,whereas RP resulted in a 13%reduction in soil loss over BP.The-T plots showed a 15%reduction in soil loss as compared to+T plots.Results revealed significant increase in soil total carbon and nitrogen in RT and-T.Less soil loss and greater teff grain yield were obtained in plots with improved agronomic practices(RT and RP)compared to conventional ones(CT and BP).Based on our findings we conclude that the use of RT,RP,and-T practices can effectively minimize soil loss without any crop yield penalty.