Intelligent Sensing and Control of Road Construction Robot Scenes Based on Road Construction

Automatic control technology is the basis of road robot improvement,according to the characteristics of construction equipment and functions,the research will be input type perception from positioning acquisition,real-world monitoring,the process will use RTK-GNSS positional perception technology,by projecting the left side of the earth from Gauss-Krueger projection method,and then carry out the Cartesian conversion based on the characteristics of drawing;steering control system is the core of the electric drive unmanned module,on the basis of the analysis of the composition of the steering system of unmanned engineering vehicles,the steering system key components such as direction,torque sensor,drive motor and other models are established,the joint simulation model of unmanned engineering vehicles is established,the steering controller is designed using the PID method,the simulation results show that the control method can meet the construction path demand for automatic steering.The path planning will first formulate the construction area with preset values and realize the steering angle correction during driving by PID algorithm,and never realize the construction-based path planning,and the results show that the method can control the straight path within the error of 10 cm and the curve error within 20 cm.With the collaboration of various modules,the automatic construction simulation results of this robot show that the design path and control method is effective.

An Investigation of Exoskeleton Robotic Systems in Assisting Construction Tasks*

Whilst industrial robots have been widely used in many industrial sectors, they are predominantly used in a structured factory environment. In recent years, off-site robotics have been investigated extensively and there are some promising candidates emerging. One such category of robots is exoskeleton robots and this paper provides an in-depth assessment of their suitability in assisting human operators in undertaking manual operations typically found in the construction industry. This work aims to objectively assess the advantages and disadvantages of these two suits and provide recommendations for further improvements of similar system designs. The paper focuses on the passive exoskeleton robotic suits which are commercially available. Three types of activities are designed and a mechatronic methodology has been designed and implemented to capture visual data in order to assess these systems in comparison with normal human operations. The study suggests that these passive suits do reduce the effort required by human operators to undertake the same construction tasks as evidenced by the results from one focused study, though a number of improvements could be made to improve their performance for wider adoption.

Research on the Application of Construction Robots in the Context of Construction Industrialization

Based on the original construction technology,construction robots are realized by integrating industrial information technology,and construction robots are used to replace manual labor in completing construction projects.China’s research on construction robots is still in its early stages.Research efforts need to be increased in order to promote better applications of construction robots.To this end,by analyzing the application of modern construction robots,we conduct a comprehensive study on the development of construction robots to ensure that construction robots can be widely used in the future.

Localization of Mobile Robot Aided for Large-Scale Construction Based on Optimized Artificial Landmark Map in Ongoing Scene

The effectiveness of mobile robot aided for architectural construction depends strongly on its accurate localization ability.Localization of mobile robot is increasingly important for the printing of buildings in the construction scene.Although many available studies on the localization have been conducted,only a few studies have addressed the more challenging problem of localization for mobile robot in large-scale ongoing and featureless scenes.To realize the accurate localization of mobile robot in designated stations,we build an artificial landmark map and propose a novel nonlinear optimization algorithm based on graphs to reduce the uncertainty of the whole map.Then,the performances of localization for mobile robot based on the original and optimized map are compared and evaluated.Finally,experimental results show that the average absolute localization errors that adopted the proposed algorithm is reduced by about 21%compared to that of the original map.

Optimization of Path Planning for Construction Robots Based on Multiple Advanced Algorithms

There are many processes involved in construction, it is necessary to optimize the path planning of construction robots. Most researches focused more on optimization algorithms, but less on comparative analysis based on the advantages and shortcomings of these algorithms. Therefore, the innovation of this paper is to analyze three advanced optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm, hybrid particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm) and discuss how these algorithms can improve the optimization performance by adjusting parameters. Finally, the three algorithms are compared and analyzed to find an optimization algorithm that is suitable for path planning optimization of construction robots. The purpose of the optimization is to obtain the maximum benefit with the least cost and complete project in an efficient and economical way.

Mobileman,Construction Agile Goods Delivery Robot

The traditional automated guided vehicle(AGV) on goods delivery faces the challenges when task space expands beyond 2 D plans. 3 D environments such as uneven terrain, ramps, and staircase are typical in construction site. Thus, the key to introducing this technology into construction industry is to improve AGV’s stability and autonomous navigation ability in more complex three-dimensional environments. In this paper, mobileman, a novel tracked autonomous guide vehicle, is introduced. Compared with other construction robots, mobileman maximizes its load capacity on the basis of assuring accessibility. Furthermore, its modular designs and self-balancing platform enable it to cope with more complex challenging scenarios, such as staircase with 35-degree sloped staircase, while another modular design featured automated loading and unloading functionality. The mobile base specifications were presented in section two, and modular designs and exploration of the navigation system on construction site were illustrated in the rest of sections.

Research on the Construction of Robot Curriculum Module under the Background of New Engineering

Under the background of the construction of new engineering and the strategy of “making China 2025”, the society has also put forward new requirements for the personnel training of mechanical specialties. Therefore, combining the training goal of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation in Beijing (Beijing), it is necessary to cultivate new direction and cultivate new growth point for “old” mechanical specialty. And social and economic development has a very important significance.

Readiness of a Developing Nation in Implementing Automation and Robotics Technologies in Construction： A Case Study of Malaysia

The Malaysian government＇s vision to be a developed nation by 2020 has pushed forward the use of innovative technologies in most sectors and industries, including the construction industry. Through the ETP （Economic Transformation Programme）, major projects launched are expected to provide a great catalyst for the economy, and may become the platform for increasing the use of automation and highly enhanced plants and machineries in the construction industry. Innovations in most countries are mostly driven by the need to find revolutionary solutions to problems, such as a shortage of skilled labor, decreasing quality of product and processes, inferior working conditions, declining productivity and increasing costs of labor and materials. Automation and robotics technologies encompass a wide range of innovative technologies using technologically advanced machineries to improve the speed and efficiency of a given process. This paper discusses the readiness of a developing country in embracing construction automation and robotics, by exploring industry perception, suggested practices and barriers to its implementation using a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews directed at Malaysian construction finns of contractors, specialist sub-contractors, developers and consultants. The findings show that the Malaysian construction industry is ready, to a certain extent, for implementing the technologies in limited areas such as prefabrication and assembly and in the design, planning and costing phases.

FORCE FEEDBACK MODEL OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC SERVO TELE-OPERATION ROBOT BASED ON VELOCITY CONTROL

The tele-operation robotic system which consists of an excavator as the construction robot, and two joysticks for operating the robot from a safe place are useful for performing restoration in damaged areas. In order to accomplish a precise task, the operator needs to feel a realistic sense of task force brought about from a feedback force between the fork glove of slave robot and unfamiliar environment. A novel force feedback model is proposed based on velocity control of cylinder to determine environment force acting on fork glove. Namely, the feedback force is formed by the error of displacement of joystick with velocity and driving force of piston, and the gain is calculated by the driving force and threshold of driving force of hydraulic cylinder. Moreover, the variable gain improved algorithm is developed to overcome the defect for grasping soft object. Experimental results for fork glove freedom of robotic system are provided to demonstrate the developed algorithm is available for grasping soft object.

实测实量机器人自动化测量的应用分析

在建筑行业中,如何通过智能化设备为项目工程建设全面赋能成为了行业的关注重点。目前,已有多款用于施工现场的建筑机器人面世,相对于传统人工,建筑机器人具有更智能化、更安全、更高效、更绿色的优势。新昌县人民医院迁建工程项目选用其中的实测实量机器人用于工程现场实测实量、质量验收工作,证明其便捷性、准确性和实用性,具有良好的推广应用价值,提升项目智能建造水平,助力推广智能建造技术应用。

基于激光雷达的自主移动机器人实验教学平台设计

为培养高素质复合型的“新工科”人才,满足相关课程的实验教学需求,设计了基于激光雷达的自主移动机器人实验教学平台。平台涉及机械设计、机器人操作系统开发、同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)、路径规划等相关理论知识。利用平台开发了Rviz可视化界面、SLAM仿真、室外建图、路径规划等实验项目。实验结果表明,自主移动机器人软硬件系统的基本性能良好,相关SLAM算法、路径规划方法具有可行性。通过该平台开展实验教学,可以显著提升学生解决工程实际问题能力和创新实践能力。

面向桁架攀爬的三分支机器人步态规划方法

为解决载荷大范围在轨平稳搬运问题,设计三分支机器人面向桁架攀爬的步态规划方法,使其能够平稳搬运载荷运动到部署位置完成大型航天器组装任务。以21自由度三分支机器人为研究对象,结合桁架结构划分多种攀爬步态单元;针对每种步态单元规划了单元周期内2条攀爬分支的交替夹持顺序以及末端的夹持位姿;针对大范围桁架搬运任务,基于可夹持区域构建表征桁架表面任意两杆间可过渡性的邻接矩阵,并利用Floyd算法生成距离矩阵与路径矩阵,规划出任意两杆间的最短攀爬路径,并将路径中的桁架杆件节点序列映射为机器人可执行的步态单元序列;基于三次B样条曲线对每种步态单元周期内2条攀爬分支的末端轨迹进行规划,实现攀爬分支末端在两夹持点间的攀爬过渡。仿真实验表明:所设计的步态规划方法能够使机器人实现在不同位置关系的桁架杆件之间的过渡,从而具备到达桁架表面任意位置的能力。

智能建造机器人局部路径规划研究综述

智能建造机器人作为落实建筑业智能化转型的关键设备,其自主施工能力代表着智能建造的水平,而局部路径规划是机器人高效施工的关键技术。针对建筑施工现场的环境特点,探究了智能建造机器人局部路径规划的难点。首先分析阐述了人工势场、时间弹性带、Bug、动态窗口等经典局部路径规划算法;其次对强化学习、深度强化学习、模糊控制、群智能等人工智能的局部路径规划算法进行了归纳总结;最后分析了各种方法在施工现场环境中智能建造机器人应用的局限性,讨论了智能建造机器人局部路径规划算法的发展趋势,旨在为复杂施工现场智能建造机器人局部路径规划研究提供一定的思路和建议,提高机器人的自主施工能力,促进智能建造技术的发展。

美欧日建筑机器人项目资助特点研究

以建筑机器人为主要研究对象,基于美国国家科学基金会(NSF)的项目数据库、欧盟框架计划项目数据库以及日本竞争性研究经费与科研费(KAKENHI)数据库中的建筑机器人项目数据,从项目数量、承担机构、资助金额、技术方向、项目类型等角度考察美国、欧洲和日本对建筑机器人的政府资助情况。结果表明,三个国家和地区表现出不同的建筑机器人项目资助特点,美国为高度密集、鼓励前沿探索,欧洲为高投入、重视应用开发,日本为长周期、以基础研究为主。

融合聚类算法与改进哈里斯鹰算法的建筑机器人任务分配方法

建筑机器人技术处于起步阶段,针对建筑机器人多机任务分配问题的相关研究严重不足。因此,对该问题进行分析,将其转化为多旅行商问题进行数学建模,并提出了融合改进哈里斯鹰算法与聚类算法的建筑机器人多机任务分配方法进行求解。首先根据建造任务的空间特征和建筑机器人数量利用聚类算法进行任务聚类;针对哈里斯鹰算法参数敏感与易陷入局部最优的缺点进行基于Logistic混沌映射的改进形成改进哈里斯鹰算法,根据建筑机器人的移动方式构造目标函数并在聚类的基础上进行优化求解,最终确定每个建筑机器人的任务集合与任务执行顺序。为验证该方法的有效性,利用随机生成的3*15、5*40、8*70共3组不同规模的建筑机器人*建造任务数据集进行仿真模拟,并将该方法与未融合聚类算法的GA和IHHO任务分配效果进行对比分析。结果表明,聚类能够有效解决建筑机器人任务分配问题,能够有效降低任务集合之间的空间叠加、增强优化算法的迭代收敛性能;基于Logistic混沌映射改进的算法在迭代开始与收敛时的适应度值更佳;随着问题规模的增大,融合改进哈里斯鹰与聚类算法的建筑机器人任务分配方法效果更显著,说明其更适用于解决大规模复杂的实际问题。

基于建筑机器人的路径规划设计原理与应用实践

建筑行业向智能建造转型是社会和行业发展的必然趋势,在智能建造应用过程中,建筑机器人作为其中一环扮演重要的角色,其为多行业多学科的交叉产品,其可自动化施工标志着可大量节省人力劳动,同时大幅提升施工效率和施工标准。主要对建筑机器人的底盘移动路径规划算法及上装路径规划要求做了分析阐述。在底盘移动路径规划算法中,对于A^(*)、A^(*)PS、Field D^(*)、Multi-resolution Field D^(*)、Basic Theta^(*)和AP Theta^(*)算法优缺点及适配场景做了对比分析,在机器人路径规划中,多使用A^(*)PS及Multi-resolution Field D^(*)算法适配应用。对于作业上装机构的路径规划多考虑建筑物边界尺寸、作业面信息、安全距离预留及对应施工工艺工法和机械结构要求,进行定制化路径规划,从而达到高效移动和精准安全施工。最后通过一个实际建筑场景说明对建筑机器人路径规划的应用实践,以期对完善建筑机器人在智能建造领域的发展应用提供参考。

高职工业机器人技术专业课程体系构建与实践

通过对工业机器人应用编程技能等级证书政策和标准要求进行分析、解构,结合国内产业现状和职业岗位需求,文章从专业核心课程设置、专业课程设置以及专业拓展课程设置等方面进行了专业课程体系重构。在这个过程中,将证书培训考核内容融入专业课程,形成2条连贯主线构成的课程体系,使得课程内容相互衔接、补充和扩展,同时新的课程体系充分融入了职业技能等级证书培训考核的内容。这为后续证书的考核认证奠定了基础,对于高职工业机器人专业人才培养方案的课程设置具有一定的借鉴作用。

掘进机器人视觉定位及巷道地图重构技术研究

在实现煤矿掘进工作面智能化和无人化方面,巷道环境的构建以及掘进机器人的准确定位至关重要。考虑到井下空间狭小、设备众多以及光线不足等限制因素,实现对巷道环境和设备的可视化变得复杂。解决这一难题的关键在于精准地勘测井下环境,实现设备的精确定位。以煤矿掘进机器人为研究对象,对巷道的三维重建和掘进机器人的定位问题进行了深入分析。通过比较不同的掘进机器人定位和建图方案,确定了适用于煤矿巷道的整体方案。该方案综合运用了单目视觉、激光雷达等多种传感器,为解决掘进机器人定位和巷道环境构建等难题提供了应对策略。

激光雷达SLAM下移动机器人双目视觉全局定位

移动机器人在未知环境中执行任务时,需精准感知地图环境和其他物体位置,确定其自身位置。为了提高移动机器人的全局定位精度,提出激光雷达SLAM下移动机器人双目视觉全局定位方法。依据双目视觉系统测距原理,选取双目摄像机中的任意一个相机建立主坐标系,构建双目摄像机模型,结合棋盘图与张正友标定法,标定双目摄像机中参数。在此基础上,计算单帧图像特征点的尺度,完成双目视觉初始化,利用权重函数计算任意一个特征点与线、与面之间的加权值和距离值,估计移动机器人的位置,引入非迭代畸变补偿方法,完成对移动机器人的全局定位。测试结果表明,所提方法的定位结果与实际运动位置之间的最小误差为0.1 m,该方法可以精准定位到移动机器人位置,指导移动机器人更好地执行作业任务。

基于提升结构实体实测实量合格率的研究

实测实量是目前业主评价房屋质量的重要指标,工程若要顺利交付,首先必须在实测实量方面符合要求。结合北京大兴某项目实测实量操作控制实例,就人工实测实量方法与测量机器人的应用进行说明与比对分析。结果表明:相较于传统人工实测实量方法,使用测量机器人进行实测实量工作能有效节约人力,测量效率显著提升,同时测量机器人支持数据一键上传,实时生成测量等高线图,测量结果一目了然,比人工测量方式更加准确直观。