简话蛋彩画

蛋彩画英文名为Tempera(又为Eggtempera),起源于意大利文艺复兴时期,是在涂上石膏地的底子上用鸡蛋混入绘画颜料当中来绘画,典型的蛋彩绘画技巧是使用手磨的天然颜料粉混入蛋黄,有时候也会加入树脂、水、蜂蜜和牛奶(酪奶casein的形式)调合不同的植物性颜料的作画法,通过多层透层法达到色彩的丰富感和造型的密度感,属于不透明的水彩画法.……

从蛋彩画到油画

蛋彩画 油画的前身是蛋彩画(Fresco)。蛋彩画是用颜料同蛋青(或蛋黄和蛋青),再加水、凡立水调和起来后,画在石灰底子墙壁上的一种画,所以蛋彩画又称壁画。蛋彩画在欧洲有很悠久的历史,在古埃及、希腊、罗马和中世纪,这种画法都被广泛地使用。 蛋彩画有充分的表现力,可以画得很细,但它有明显的缺点:一是干得太快,在绘画过程中很难使颜料趁湿进行调和,二是颜色干湿变化较大,干后又很难补笔。

馆藏印度人物蛋彩画赏析

宋庆龄是上海的女儿,独特的成长背景和革命的人生经历,造就了她对艺术的热爱,尤其是对书画的钟爱。上海宋庆龄故居的每个房间,都布置有她喜爱的绘画作品,风格内容各不相同。宋庆龄故居餐厅陈列的一幅印度人物蛋彩画,经考证为印度现代美术的先驱之一贾米尼·罗伊的作品,被列为印度国家艺术的珍品。本文通过对该画作者贾米尼·罗伊在印度现代美术史上的独特贡献以及对画作本身的考证和赏析,探究其艺术价值。

画境——蛋彩画创作之体悟

画者需潜心修炼进入"画境",即在作画时,眼、手、心、画笔、颜料、画面和客观对象达到高度贯通的状态。在这里,没有时间和空间之分,没有宏观和微观之界,没有主体和客体之别。"我"已幻化成了一个超越时空的隐形精灵,遵从造物主的旨意,按照"理式"的引导,用万能的画笔,把亿万分子、原子、细胞创造成万物俱全、生机勃勃的现实世界。在这种状态下,绝妙的绘画技巧才会自然生发,鲜活的艺术形象才会呼之欲出,绘画题材才会不断涌现。

关于欧洲文艺复兴时期蛋彩画的技法与制作

如果要研究一位现代艺术家的绘画技法,我们会有许多的切入口,诸如用笔方法,线条结构,色彩关系,笔触处理以及各种肌理效果,等等.但如果要研究文艺复兴时期的古典绘画技法,最理想的途径就是从材料开始.

水色相溶 韵味尽现——小议水彩画

一、水彩画的发展 水彩画的出现最早可以追溯到中古时代的欧洲,即贵族们用鹅毛笔手绘的草药等植物的小插图装饰,后来在颜料里加入了蛋清以使颜料附着在纸上不易脱落,因此有学者就把这种最初的蛋彩画看作是现代水彩画的雏形。

Effect of refractive error on temperament and character properties

AIM: To determine the effect of refractive error on temperament and character properties using Cloninger’s psychobiological model of personality.METHODS: Using the Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), the temperament and character profiles of 41 participants with refractive errors(17 with myopia,12 with hyperopia, and 12 with myopic astigmatism) were compared to those of 30 healthy control participants.Here, temperament comprised the traits of novelty seeking, harm-avoidance, and reward dependence, while character comprised traits of self-directedness,cooperativeness, and self-transcendence.RESULTS: Participants with refractive error showed significantly lower scores on purposefulness,cooperativeness, empathy, helpfulness, and compassion(P 【0.05, P 【0.01, P 【0.05, P 【0.05, and P 【0.01,respectively).CONCLUSION: Refractive error might have a negative influence on some character traits, and different types of refractive error might have different temperament and character properties. These personality traits may be implicated in the onset and/or perpetuation of refractive errors and may be a productive focus for psychotherapy.

Forage and breed effects on behavior and temperament of pregnant beef heifers

Background： Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems.Brahman-influenced（BR;n = 64） and Gelbvieh × Angus（GA;n = 64） heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（E＋） or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（NT） cultivars during two yr.Heifers were weighed at midpoint and termination of grazing.Grazing behavior（grazing,resting in the shade,lying,or standing without grazing） was recorded（n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July） for each pasture.During yr 2,exit velocity（EV） and serum prolactin（PRL） were determined.Results： Grazing behavior was influenced（P 0.05） by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed type.Gelbvieh × Angus heifers assigned to E＋ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the shade.Brahman-influenced heifers had faster EV（P 0.001） than GA heifers（0.52 vs.0.74 ± 0.04 s/m,respectively）.Body weight（BW） was affected（P 0.01） by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d,and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed type.Heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than heifers grazing E＋ pastures at midpoint and termination.Gelbvieh × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than GA and BR heifers grazing E＋ and BR heifers grazing NT pastures.An interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum PRL（P 0.01）.Conclusion： Collectively fescue cultivar,EV,and concentrations of serum PRL were associated with grazing behavior.Heifers grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E＋ pastures,regardless of breed type,which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain（ADG） in heifers.Integration of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems.

Comparisons of temperament and character between problematic internet users and problematic drug users in Korean adolescents

Objective: It has been suggested that some internet users spend so much time on the internet that their personal and/or professional lives suffer. This study compared the temperament and character of problematic internet users (PIU) with that of problematic drug users (PDU) among Korean adolescents and aimed to examine the personality characteristics of adolescents with internet use problems. Method: We enrolled participants from high schools (n = 487), internet cafés (n = 89), and an adolescent-substance abuse consultation office (n = 45). All subjects were assessed using the Korean Internet Addiction Scale (KIAS), the Korean Adolescent Drug Addiction Screening Test-2 (KOADAST-2), and the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (K-TCI). Subjects were classified into the following four groups based on the KIAS and KOADAST-2 results: normal controls, pure PIUs, pure PDUs, and dual problematic users. Differences in the subscale scores on the K-TCI were analyzed by group. Results: Scores for Reward dependence (RD) were significantly lower in pure PIUs than in pure PDUs (13.85 ± 4.07 versus 15.44 ± 3.56, p < 0.05). Scores for Self-Directedness (SD) were lower in pure PIUs (18.21 ± 6.90) and pure PDUs (18.22 ± 6.03) than in normal controls (20.88 ± 6.60), although the scores did not differ significantly between pure PIUs and pure PDUs. Scores for Cooperativeness (C) were lower in pure PIUs than in normal controls (23.97 ± 7.02 versus 26.57 ± 6.67, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that PIUs are more socially insensitive and that they may experience more inter-personal problems than PDUs.

Genome-wide association study identifies quantitative trait loci affecting cattle temperament

Cattle temperament is an interesting trait due to its correlation with production efficiency,labor safety,and animal welfare.To date,however,its genetic basis is not clearly understood.Here,we performed a genome-wide association study for a series of temperament traits in cattle,assessed with via open field and novel object tests,using autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)derived from the whole-genome sequence.We identified 37 and 29 genome-wide significant loci in the open field and novel object tests,respectively.Gene set analysis revealed the most significant pathway was the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway,which may be essential for emotional control in cattle.Analysis of the expression levels of 18 tissue-specific genes based on transcriptomic data showed enrichment in the brain,with some candidate genes involved in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases in humans.Based on principal component analysis,the first principal component explained the largest variance in the open field and novel object test data,and the most significant loci were assigned to SORCS3 and SESTD1,respectively.Our findings should help facilitate cattle breeding for sound temperament by pyramiding favorable alleles to further improve cattle production.

Developmental Threshold Temperature and Effective Accumulative Tem- perature of Pupae and Eggs of Holcocerus hippophaecolus

In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.

Modernist Mode in The Man Without a Temperament

The Man Without a Temperament,one of Katherine Mansfield's classic short stories,is written in the modernist mode,without a set structure,and with many shifts in the narrative.

Patriarchal Tendency IN Willa Catcher's Novel "O Pioneers!":Analysis the Heroine Alexandra's Character and Temperament

Through analyzing the heroine Alexandra's character and temperament in the novel "O Pioneers!"written by American woman writer Willa Cather,the paper is trying to put forward that the heroine Alexandra has a patriarchal tendency in her girlhood.This paper has established a basis for exploring Alexandra's attitude to her own femaleness.

STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PRESCHOOLERS＇ BEHAVIOR，TEMPERAMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

The relationships between preschoolers' behavior style, temperament structure and living environment factor were researched using questionnaire. Results showed: the aggregate prevalence of deviant behavior syndrome was 12.7%. Social withdrawal and aggressive behavior were more relative. The main temperament cluster in this group is intermediat-low(39. 91% ) There were no difference behavior disorder prevalence and temperament cluster between boys and girls.Preschoolers' behavior style was influenced by their temperament characteristics and environment factors. Compared with environment factor, temperament character related to behavior style more closely. At the same time, this paper gives some suggestions about child care education.

浅谈水彩画技法的创新

创新就是打破现有的内外因素的束缚,超越已有理论知识体系,提出新的观点、思想、理论或发现新的技术等.创新是艺术的灵魂.艺术贵在创新,无论是一个时代的艺术特征还是个体艺术家,重复意味着艺术生命的终结.对于一个艺术家来说,他既不能重复别人也不能重复自己.为丰富水彩语言技法,水彩画家们绞尽脑汁,探索各种材料和工具的运用,极大地推动了水彩艺术的发展.但是,水彩作为一种画种区别于其他画种是有一定的工具材料限制的.下面笔者将从理论和实践两方面对这一问题作一些探讨.……

Adolescents’ happiness-increasing strategies, temperament, and character: Mediation models on subjective well-being

In order to predict Subjective Well-Being (SWB) or happiness two of the major determinants may be 1) A genetic set point (which reflects personality) and 2) Current intentional activities (behavioral, cognitive, and motivational). In this context, personality can be considered as psycho-biological—composed of temperament (i.e., what grabs our attention and how intensely we react) and character (i.e., a reflection of personal goals and values). The present study examined how adolescents’ personality and intentional happiness-increasing strategies, measured at one point in time, are related to SWB measured one year later. Results show that temperament (Harm Avoidance) and character dimensions (Self-directedness) predicted SWB. Moreover, strategies such as active leisure (e.g., engaging in sports) and instrumental goal pursuit (e.g., study) also predicted SWB at the end of the school year. The strategy of Mental Control (i.e., an ambivalent effort to both avoid and contemplate negative thoughts and feelings), which was related to Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness, mediated the relationship between these two personality dimensions and SWB.

Study on Temperaments and Spiritual Connotations of Sichuan Gardens

Sichuan gardens consist of various types and forms, showing simple, primitive, peaceful, cultural and inclusive characteristics. These features owe to its special geographical condition, historical background and regional culture. Furthermore, Taoism that originated from the ancient Shu Kingdom influenced the formation of Sichuan garden deeply. Through reviewing its features and formation causes, spiritual connotations of Sichuan garden can be summarized as the worldview of pursuing the nature, the practical values and the philosophy of accommodating.

Validity of determining innate Mizaj (temperament) based on facial characteristics: a comparative study

In traditional Iranian medicine,accurate determination of Mizaj plays a very important role in the etiology and treatment of diseases.There are a lot of evidences and documents in original Iranian traditional medicine books and documents related to the relationship between Mizaj and the facial character and appearance.In this study,we investigated the validity of determining Mizaj based on facial dimensions and characteristics.For this purpose,a software was developed to determine Mizaj based on an algorithm of facial dimensions and appearance.This cross-sectional study investigated the validity of identifying Mizaj based on facial dimensions and appearance(using the facial-based Mizaj recognition software)by comparison with the Mizaj determined by a standardized questionnaire and by using the traditional method of experts’opinion on determining the Mizaj.The inclusion criteria of the study were being healthy,using no medication,and consent to participate in the study.The sample size of the study was 83 people.For analyzing the data,SPSS software version 19 was used.Also,for examining the level of internal agreement of the data,Kappa statistics were used.The results of the study showed that the level of agreement between determining Mizaj by facial characteristics with the experts’distinction of Mizaj is almost complete,and the level of agreement with the Mizaj questionnaire was moderate.The results showed that the facial-based Mizaj recognition software has a good validity to detect the Mizaj of individuals in the study sample.Although,studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the results of this study.

Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Individual Temperament and Somatotype in Young Athletes According to Iranian Traditional Medicine and Heath-Carter Method

Objectives:This study examined the hypothesis that whether any significant differences exist or not in individual temperament and somatotype components in young athletes.Methods:The cross-sectional study was carried out with 202 male athletes(age=23 years±2.7,mean±SE).They were categorized into four groups according to their temperaments by using a questionnaire.Also,the Heath-Carter method was applied to estimate the somatotype components.One-Way ANOVA followed by Scheffe’s tests was organized(p<0.05)for data analysis.Results:In this research,the highest mesomorphy,ectomorphy and endomorphy components were observed in the Blood,Yellow Bile and Phlegm temperaments,respectively with means of 6.1±0.28,3.9±0.11,and 5.9±0.32.Also,a significant difference was observed between Blood temperament and mesomorphy component(p<0.001)but Blood temperament had insignificant differences with other studied somatotype components(p>0.05).Ectomorphy and mesomorphy components significantly differ among Yellow Bile temperament(p<0.05),while an insignificant difference was found between Yellow Bile temperament and endomorphy component(p>0.05).Significant differences also were showed between Black Bile temperament and all somatotype components(p<0.05).Among Phlegm temperament and endomorphy component was a significant difference(p<0.001),but there were no significant differences between the Phlegm temperament and the other two somatotype components(p>0.05).Conclusions:Given the importance of body type in sports performance,current findings suggest that coaches should be aware of the individual temperaments which could serve as a guide to design special training schedules for athletes.

A Comparative Study on The Personality Differences Between Tibetan and Chinese College Students——Look at Temperament Types in Paintings

Objective:To explore new ideas by comparing the individual differences reflected in the paintings of Tibetan and Han college students,in order to better carry out the mental health education of Tibetan college students to accumulate information.Methods:Firstly,according to the four temperament types,the painting characteristics were classified.Secondly,by comparing and analyzing the painting characteristics of 1221 college students’HTP test(including 704 Han people,517 Tibetan people,403 male students and 818 female students),it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of line,disorder degree and facial features emphasis in the paintings of Han and Tibetan college students.Results:There are significant differences between Han and Tibetan college students in Sanguine temperament dimension(t=-5.066,P<0.05).Conclusion:People with different temperament types often have different thinking and behavior styles,Tibetan college students have been influenced by their own culture and traditional habits since they were young,with obvious personality characteristics,therefore,it is better to carry out ideological and political education or psychological assistance on the basis of understanding their psychological and behavioral characteristics and combining their personality characteristics.