Development of Temperature-Humidity Independent Control Air-Conditioning Unit for Residential Buildings

Cooling panels are increasingly used in domestic residential buildings.To provide medium temperature cold water for the cooling panel,and dehumidify the indoor air simultaneously,a new kind of temperature-humidity independent control air-conditioning unit was developed for single residential house by utilizing multi-variable technology.First,the supply air temperature was studied to determine the proper supply air flow rate for the humidity control.Then,the energy consumption of different temperature-humidity independent control systems was studied.The analysis indicates that unity evaporating temperature can be used to handle the moisture load and sensible heat load in two evaporators.So the unit scheme was put forward.Two evaporators were used to produce medium temperature water and dry air separately,and electric expansion valves were used to control the refrigerant distribution between the two evaporators.Then,experimental work was carried out to investigate the influence of compressor frequency,refrigerant distribution on the dehumidification capacity,energy efficiency and refrigeration capacity.In the end,the paper concludes that both compressor frequency and refrigerant distribution can control the dehumidification capacity,but the former influences the EER more than the latter,while the latter influences the refrigeration capacity more than the former.We can find a proper running point at certain sensible and latent cooling load by adjusting both compressor frequency and electric expansion valve.The energy consumption of this kind of unit was estimated and compared with present room air conditioners,which shows that it can save about 41% cooling energy consumption.

COMPUTER DECOUPLE CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN PREPROCESSING CHAMBER OF AIR-CONDITIONING TEST EQUIPMENT

This paper deals with the application of decouple Control theory to temperature and humidi-ty control in air-conditioning system. The decouple control algorithm for bivariable systems isderived applicablly for air-conditioning system. The algorithm is used to design a temperatureand humidity computer control system for the preprocessing chamber of air-conditioning testequipment. The results of the real-time control experiments indicate that the decouple controlalgorithm is feasible, the control quality is improved and high control precision is achieved.

Thermodynamic performance assessment of vacuum membrane-based dehumidification and air carrying energy radiant air-conditioning system(VMD-ACERS)

Temperature and humidity independent control(THIC)air-conditioning system is a promising technology.In this work,a novel temperature and humidity independent control(THIC)system is proposed,namely VMD-ACERS,which integrates vacuum membrane-based dehumidification and air carrying energy radiant air-conditioning system.This work establishes a novel coefficient of performance(COP)model of VMD-ACERS.The main parameters affecting the COP of conventional fan coil unit cooling system(FCUCS)and VMD-ACERS are investigated.The performance of FCUCS and VMD-ACERS are compared,and the energy-saving potential of VMD-ACERS is proved.Results indicate that,for FCUCS,the importance ranking of parameters is basically stable.However,for VMD-ACERS,the importance ranking will be affected by FCU and refrigerant.The most important parameters of VMD-ACERS are condensation temperature and permeate side pressure.On the contrary,superheating,subcooling are relatively less important parameters.For VMD-ACERS,it is not necessary to pursue the membrane with very high selectivity,because the selectivity of membrane would also be a less important parameter when it reaches 500.The COP of VMD-ACERS is higher than that of FCUCS when the permeate side pressure is higher than 8 k Pa.The VMD-ACERS solves two technical problems about power-saving and thermal comfort of conventional THIC,and can extend the application of THIC air-conditioning system.

Study on the Elman Neural Network Operation Control Strategy of the Central Air Conditioning Chilled Water System

The stable operation of the central air conditioning water system always is a major difficulty for the control profession. Paper focus on the water system with multi variable, strong coupling, nonlinear, large time delay characteristics, presented use feed forward coupling compensation method, to eliminate the coupling effect between temperature and pressure. In this paper, the Elman neural network controller is designed for the first time, and the simulation results show that the response time of Elman neural network controller is shorter, the system is more stable and the overshoot is small.

Numerical Analysis on Ventilating and Air Conditioning Scheme of Shenyang Subway Station

Different cities have different climate conditions and outdoor temperature and humidity, so the scheme of an environment control in subway should be analyzed by considering objective conditions, project cost and operating status. In this paper, a physical and mathematical model is built according to the design of Shenyang subway (line 1), the boundary conditions of the model are defined by the design and experiments, the numerical analysis of ventilating scheme and air conditioning scheme is introduced individually, and the temperature field and air flow field of the two schemes are compared, so that the feasibility of using a ventilating scheme in subway of northeast cities is discussed. Considering comfort and economy, it can be concluded that mechanical ventilation is feasible in subway of northeast cities because the air temperature there is not very high in summer.

STUDY OF THE HEAT AND HUMIDITY TRANSFER PROCESSES BETWEEN AIR AND WATER IN THE AIR WASHER

The processes of heat and humidity transfer between air and water are what to be studied mainly in the paper, we put forward some main factors which influence the processes of heat and humidity transfer in the air washer. We come to the conclusion that we can change these main factors to achieve different heat and humidity transfer processes and decide processes of heat and humidity transfer of air and water with the initial temperature of spraying water in the air washer. All these results can make things convenient for the air conditioning management.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INDOOR FEATURES OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FOR ROOMS FACING NORTH-SOUTH IN WINTER IN A LOW-LATITUDE PLATEAU CITY

Analyzing observations of wintertime air temperature in both indoor and outdoor surroundings in Kunming, a city lying in low latitudes, characteristics of temperature and humidity have been studied for the interior of rooms facing north-south under different weather conditions. Significant warming effect has been identified in terms of lowest and daily-mean indoor temperature in the area of Kunming. The heating amplitude ranges from 7.7C to 10.0C and from 4.6C to 5.8C for the interior part of rooms facing the south and from 4.6C to 7.0C and from 1.3C to 4.4C for the interior part of rooms facing the north, respectively for the two elements. The highest air temperature is higher indoor than outdoor for rooms facing the south, but otherwise is usually true for rooms facing the north. Additional findings point out that buildings not only help maintain relatively warm indoor temperature but delay its variation. The diurnal cycle of temperature indoor is smaller and ranges by 40% ~ 48% for south-facing rooms, and by 20% ~ 30% for north-facing rooms, than outdoor, and the highest temperature is about 2 hours late inside the room than outside. It shows how inertly indoor temperature varies. The work also finds that relative humidity is less indoor in southward rooms than in northward ones and difference is the largest on fine days but the smallest when it is overcast. For the diurnal variation, the indoor relative humidity is large at nighttime with small amplitude but small during daytime with large amplitude. The above-presented results can be served as scientific foundation for more research on climate in low-latitude cities and rational design of urban architectures.

Model predictive control of indoor thermal environment conditioned by a direct expansion air conditioning system

Temperature and humidity are two important factors that influence both indoor thermal comfort and air quality.Through varying compressor and supply fan speeds of a direct expansion(DX)air conditioning(A/C)unit,the air temperature and humidity in the conditioned space can be regulated simultaneously.However,most existing controllers are designed to minimize the tracking errors between the system outputs with their corresponding settings as quickly as possible.The energy consumption,which is directly influenced by the compressor and supply fan speeds,is not considered in the relevant controller formulations,and thus the system may not operate with the highest possible energy efficiency.To effectively control temperature and humidity while minimizing the system energy consumption,a model predictive control(MPC)strategy was developed for a DX A/C system,and the development results are presented in this paper.A physically-based dynamic model for the DX A/C system with both sensible and latent heat transfers being considered was established and validated by experiments.To facilitate the design of MPC,the physical model was further linearized.The MPC scheme was then developed by formulating the objective function which sought to minimize the tracking errors of temperature and moisture content while saving energy consumption.Based on the results of command following and disturbance rejection tests,the proposed MPC scheme was capable of controlling temperature and humidity with adequate control accuracy and sensitivity.In comparison to linear-quadratic-Gaussian(LQG)controller,better control accuracy and lower energy consumption could be realized when using the proposed MPC strategy to simultaneously control temperature and humidity.

Design of Fuzzy Controller for Central Air Conditioner

A structure of central air conditioning system in building and its running pattern are proposed in order to perform optimum energy saving strategy. The design of room temperature controller is taken as an example to discuss the design of fuzzy controller using common microprogrammed control unit (MCU) in detail. Based on fuzzy theory the query control tables fixed in read only memory (ROM) of MCU are established to realize the energy saving in the room temperature controller and the reasoning procedure is analyzed. The diagram of hardware design and the flow chart of software of room temperature controller are presented. The results show that the proposed method is practical and effective to achieve the energy saving goal.

换热器面积对双蒸发温度空调系统性能影响的模拟研究

建立了双蒸发温度空调系统仿真模型来研究改变换热器面积对系统性能的影响。搭建了双蒸发温度空调系统实验台,在实验工况下改变压缩机频率(30~120 Hz)和送风量(400~1 000 m^(3)/h),得到空调机组总制冷量Q_(c)、总显热制冷量Q_(s)和显热比SHR,验证了所建模型精度。在模型中改变换热器面积(48盘管、60盘管、72盘管)进行系统运行调节范围的研究。结果表明:随着换热器面积的增加,系统Q_(c)、Q_(s)和SHR的调节范围在整体扩大,最大增幅分别为5.0%、13.8%、11.8%。当送风量为1 000 m^(3)/h,压缩机频率为30 Hz,换热器面积从48盘管增至60盘管、72盘管时,Q_(s)的增幅分别为9.8%和13.8%,表明换热器面积增至60盘管时Q_(s)增长效果显著,再增加换热器面积,Q_(s)虽有所增大但增幅放缓。最后提出一种以所需制冷量为目标,依据环境温湿度调节范围设计换热器面积的方法。

基于迭代学习的楼宇空调湿度控制研究

传统楼宇变风量空调控制方法,存在对被控系统数学模型的精度要求较高以及抗干扰能力弱的不足,因此限制了变风量空调系统的应用。针对变风量楼宇空调系统运行时存在的重复干扰与系统模型精度问题,采用迭代学习控制方法对变风量空调空气湿度进行控制。将变风量空调空气调节过程看成间歇过程,并且将室内空间湿度控制过程当作间歇过程对目标轨迹的跟踪问题,设计迭代学习控制器,使被控系统能够获得更好的精度和鲁棒性,实现变风量空调的高精度湿度轨迹跟踪。

某纯电车型空调PTC不制热故障分析与改进

为分析电动汽车空调系统不制热故障原因,以某车企收到的4S店空调故障案例为例,使用质量管理工程师常用的检测方法和仪器对加热零部件进行分析与诊断,结果表明是由于软件问题导致熔断器开路,造成空调故障,提出对软件控制的临界值进行改进的故障排除建议。

基于主元分析的温室物联网空气温湿度传感器故障诊断

针对温室物联网测控系统中空气温湿度传感器受恶劣环境影响易发生故障的问题,研究温室物联网测控系统中空气温湿度传感器的故障诊断,保障温室物联网测控系统整体工作的稳定可靠性,提出一种基于主元分析的空气温湿度传感器故障诊断方法。首先对空气温湿度传感器数据进行主元分析,通过监控平方预测误差统计量的变化实现传感器的故障检测;再针对检测出的空气温湿度传感器故障数据,利用加权后的平方预测误差统计量来计算传感器的累积贡献率,并将其作为传感器故障识别的指标,识别出现故障的空气温湿度传感器。利用空气温湿度传感器数据在不同故障条件下进行传感器故障诊断方法验证,验证结果表明:所提方法可用于温室物联网测控系统中空气温湿度传感器偏差故障和漂移故障的检测,偏差故障的检测效果要好于漂移故障,偏差故障综合检测率为100%,漂移故障综合检测率为51.25%;同时所提方法能够正确识别出故障传感器,有效提高温室物联网测控系统中空气温湿度传感器故障诊断结果的准确性。

新型智能化纺纱车间环境的优化措施

针对智能化纺纱车间规模大、自动化程度高、生产集约化、发热强度高的特点,提出了优化新型智能化纺纱车间环境的系列策略和措施。分析了影响车间温湿度、气流组织、空气清洁度的因素。通过采取稳定各工序半成品回潮率,提高空调除尘设备能效,强化均匀送吸风等,采用细纱车间热分流、热转移、除尘空调系统低能耗联动等方法,实现了对纺纱车间环境的优化,并配备完善的火灾自动报警和自动灭火系统,保持了车间环境的安全。认为:纺纱车间环境优化的实施可以满足新型智能化纺纱生产线的高效、绿色生产。

杭州国家版本馆恒温恒湿空调系统设计

介绍了恒温恒湿库房空调系统的设计,提出了可在库房建成初期、运行稳定期、战时等灵活切换的3种运行模式,分析了其各自的处理过程与节能性;给出了平、战时空调系统选择方案,提出了平时回收空气源热泵机组和冷水机组的冷凝热作为再热热源,战时利用新风预冷实现温湿度独立控制的方法;利用CFD模拟对室内气流组织进行了优化设计;提出了采用含湿量控制代替定露点法进行湿度控制和风机变频等控制策略。通过调试与运行,证明了各项设计措施在项目中应用的有效性。

城市轨道交通车站空调冷冻水系统定温差变供水温度和大温差控制策略转换条件研究

[目的]为实现城市轨道交通车站空调冷冻水系统在定温差变供水温度和大温差两种工况下的整体能耗最低,需对这两种控制策略的转换条件进行研究。[方法]以郑州某城市轨道交通车站为例,基于TRNSYS(瞬时系统模拟程序)建立定温差变供水温度和大温差两种工况下的空调冷冻水系统模型,在满足空调冷冻水系统末端制冷量需求的前提下,分别研究冷冻水温差不变、供水温度为7~12℃,以及供水温度不变、供回水温差为5~10℃时对空调冷冻水系统能耗的影响。[结果及结论]两种控制策略的转换条件为:负荷率小于等于40%时,使用定温差变供水温度控制策略更节能;负荷率大于50%时,更适合采用大温差控制策略。该转换条件不仅能满足车站人员舒适度的要求,还实现了两种控制策略联合调控的目标,最终达到降低空调冷冻水系统整体能耗的目的。

光伏离网供电空调控温储粮技术应用

光伏离网供电空调控温储粮系统由光伏发电板、智能控制器、光伏空调和能源管理系统组成。智能控制器通过智能补偿、智能控制算法,实现光伏和市电双电源无缝切换,优先使用光伏,实现光伏零浪费,光伏直驱空调直接利用光伏板发的直流电来驱动机组,达到节能降耗的目的。解决了制冷空调用电费用高、光伏发电投资成本高和投资回收期长的问题。显著降低了空调控温的运行成本,实现了储粮空调控温的“零”碳或低碳的绿色储粮技术。

基于规模化保育猪舍的全新风通风负荷计算模型及测试分析

猪舍的全新风通风不仅能提升猪舍环境质量,还能降低规模化养殖中的交叉感染问题。以保育猪为研究对象,建立了全新风通风负荷计算模型,应用该模型与传统逐时逐项冷负荷方法计算的负荷结果差异小于5%,可应用于工程简化计算。在该模型基础上,提出耦合不同室外气象参数下的猪舍环控参数动态调控方法。通过试验验证,该调控策略下舍内温度测试值与理论值平均相对误差为3.4%,且能够满足夏季猪舍温度、风速控制值及均匀性要求。在冬季运行工况下应用该调控方法,每栏仅需150 m^(3)/h风量即可满足舍内空气质量要求;理论送风参数下,测得舍内空气平均温度约26℃,日平均温差5℃,CO_(2)、NH_(3)、PM_(2.5)等污染物浓度均远低于国家标准指标。该负荷计算模型及动态调控方法可为规模化保育猪舍的热环境与卫生环境研究提供参考。

某安保中心数据机房空调系统设计

基于北京市某安保中心数据机房空调系统设计,介绍了数据机房室内温湿度的设计要求及空调负荷计算方法。分析了水冷冷水系统及自然冷却风冷冷水系统两种空调冷源形式的特点及优缺点并对A级机房应急冷源的设计进行了介绍。分析对比了数据机房封闭冷通道及封闭热通道的优缺点及适用性,通过气流组织分析模拟验证了封闭冷通道送风可使冷、热通道内的温度达到设计要求。针对空调冷冻水系统,提出了确定空调冷冻水供回水温度的方法,介绍了能够保证空调水系统安全运行的管路设计方法。总结了数据中心空调节能设计措施,指出了设计时应注意的事项。

纺纱空调系统运行仿真及机器学习辅助调控

针对纺纱车间采用传统的PID控制车间温湿度不稳定问题,采用机器学习的BP神经网络对后台历史数据进行监督学习,并建立空调设备自控参数的专家库。当PID调控产生温湿度较大波动时采用信息库建立好的空调控制参数直接介入辅助控制。基于热量平衡、湿量平衡以及风量平衡开发了纺纱空调仿真系统,并分析了风机、水泵、二回风窗、新风窗对于车间温湿度控制的影响。为验证辅助调控的效果,将BP神经网络预测的空调控制参数介入车间温湿度控制,并与传统PID控制车间的温湿度进行了对比。结果表明:采用BP神经网络辅助调控空调系统的参数,车间温湿度稳定性优于传统PID控制。认为:机器学习辅助调控纺纱空调系统可达到稳定控制温湿度的目的。