The Mongolian Plateau is one of the regions most sensitive to climate change,the more obvious increase of temperature in 21 st century here has been considered as one of the important causes of drought and desertifica...The Mongolian Plateau is one of the regions most sensitive to climate change,the more obvious increase of temperature in 21 st century here has been considered as one of the important causes of drought and desertification.It is very important to understand the multi-year variation and occurrence characteristics of drought in the Mongolian Plateau to explore the ecological environment and the response mechanism of surface materials to climate change.This study examines the spatio-temporal variations in drought and its frequency of occurrence in the Mongolian Plateau based on the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)(1982–1999)and the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)(2000–2018)datasets;the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI)was used as a drought evaluation index.The results indicate that drought was widespread across the Mongolian Plateau between1982 and 2018,and aridification incremented in the 21 st century.Between 1982 and 2018,an area of 164.38×10^4 km^2/yr suffered from drought,accounting for approximately 55.28%of the total study area.An area of approximately 150.06×10^4 km^2(51.43%)was subject to more than 160 droughts during 259 months of the growing seasons between 1982 and 2018.We observed variable frequencies of drought occurrence depending on land cover/land use types.Drought predominantly occurred in bare land and grassland,both of which accounting for approximately 79.47%of the total study area.These terrains were characterized by low vegetation and scarce precipitation,which led to frequent and extreme drought events.We also noted significant differences between the areal distribution of drought,drought frequency,and degree of drought depending on the seasons.In spring,droughts were widespread,occurred with a high frequency,and were severe;in autumn,they were localized,frequent,and severe;whereas,in summer,droughts were the most widespread and frequent,but less severe.The increase in temperature,decrease in precipitation,continuous depletion of snow cover,and intensification of human activities have resulted in a water deficit.More severe droughts and aridification have affected the distribution and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems,causing changes in the composition and distribution of plants,animals,microorganisms,conversion between carbon sinks and carbon sources,and biodiversity.We conclude that regional drought events have to be accurately monitored,whereas their occurrence mechanisms need further exploration,taking into account nature,climate,society and other influencing factors.展开更多
Development of drought monitoring techniques is important for understanding and mitigating droughts and for rational agricultural management. This study used data from multiple sources, including MOD13 A3, TRMM 3 B43,...Development of drought monitoring techniques is important for understanding and mitigating droughts and for rational agricultural management. This study used data from multiple sources, including MOD13 A3, TRMM 3 B43, and SRTMDEM, for Yunnan Province, China from 2009 to 2018 to calculate the tropical rainfall condition index(TRCI), vegetation condition index(VCI), temperature condition index(TCI), and elevation factors. Principal component analysis(PCA) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) were used to construct comprehensive drought monitoring models for Yunnan Province. The reliability of the models was verified, following which the drought situation in Yunnan Province for the past ten years was analysed. The results showed that:(1) The comprehensive drought index(CDI) had a high correlation with the standardized precipitation index, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, temperature vegetation dryness index, and CLDAS(China Meteorological Administration land data assimilation system), indicating that the CDI was a strong indicator of drought through meteorological, remote sensing and soil moisture monitoring.(2) The droughts from 2009 to 2018 showed generally consistent spatiotemporal changes. Droughts occurred in most parts of the province, with an average drought frequency of 29% and four droughtprone centres.(3) Monthly drought coverage during 2009 to 2014 exceeded that over 2015 to 2018. January had the largest average drought coverage over the study period(61.92%). Droughts at most stations during the remaining months except for October exhibited a weakening trend(slope > 0). The CDI provides a novel approach for drought monitoring in areas with complex terrain such as Yunnan Province.展开更多
Drought monitoring is the base for drought coping and adaptation. Xingtai is located in North China＇s key winter wheat production areas where drought is severe and frequent. The rainfall during winter wheat growing s...Drought monitoring is the base for drought coping and adaptation. Xingtai is located in North China＇s key winter wheat production areas where drought is severe and frequent. The rainfall during winter wheat growing season is just about 1/3 of total demand. Xingtai has typical mountainous, hilly and plain agricultural zones, compound rain-fed and irrigated farming patterns. The winter wheat irrigation has heavily depended on overdraw of groundwater in recent decades. In the study, the MODIS （Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） images taken at the key winter wheat growing season （Mar. to May） in normal rainfall year （2006） were selected, extracted NDVI （Normalized Difference Vegetation Index） and LST （Land Surface Temperature） data, calculated TVDI （Temperature and Vegetation Drought Index）, classified and mapped winter wheat drought intensity. Further, based on TVDI, a CDRA （Comprehensive Drought Risk Assessment） model for winter wheat drought disaster risk assessment was constructed and zoning was made. Verified by winter wheat yield, the risk zoning by CDRA is consistent with actual crop failure space. This method can be used in drought risk management.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Special Project on Basic Resources of Science and Technology(No.2017FY101301)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971398,31770764)Natural Science Foundation Balance Project(No.IDS2019JY-2)。
文摘The Mongolian Plateau is one of the regions most sensitive to climate change,the more obvious increase of temperature in 21 st century here has been considered as one of the important causes of drought and desertification.It is very important to understand the multi-year variation and occurrence characteristics of drought in the Mongolian Plateau to explore the ecological environment and the response mechanism of surface materials to climate change.This study examines the spatio-temporal variations in drought and its frequency of occurrence in the Mongolian Plateau based on the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)(1982–1999)and the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)(2000–2018)datasets;the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI)was used as a drought evaluation index.The results indicate that drought was widespread across the Mongolian Plateau between1982 and 2018,and aridification incremented in the 21 st century.Between 1982 and 2018,an area of 164.38×10^4 km^2/yr suffered from drought,accounting for approximately 55.28%of the total study area.An area of approximately 150.06×10^4 km^2(51.43%)was subject to more than 160 droughts during 259 months of the growing seasons between 1982 and 2018.We observed variable frequencies of drought occurrence depending on land cover/land use types.Drought predominantly occurred in bare land and grassland,both of which accounting for approximately 79.47%of the total study area.These terrains were characterized by low vegetation and scarce precipitation,which led to frequent and extreme drought events.We also noted significant differences between the areal distribution of drought,drought frequency,and degree of drought depending on the seasons.In spring,droughts were widespread,occurred with a high frequency,and were severe;in autumn,they were localized,frequent,and severe;whereas,in summer,droughts were the most widespread and frequent,but less severe.The increase in temperature,decrease in precipitation,continuous depletion of snow cover,and intensification of human activities have resulted in a water deficit.More severe droughts and aridification have affected the distribution and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems,causing changes in the composition and distribution of plants,animals,microorganisms,conversion between carbon sinks and carbon sources,and biodiversity.We conclude that regional drought events have to be accurately monitored,whereas their occurrence mechanisms need further exploration,taking into account nature,climate,society and other influencing factors.
基金This research was funded by the Multigovernment International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Key Project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0184300)Erasmus+Capacity Building in Higher Education of the Education,Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency(EACEA)(Grant No.586037-EPP-1-2017-1-HU-EPPKA2CBHE-JP)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41561048)the Technical Methods and Empirical Study on Ecological Assets Measurement in County Level of Yunnan Province(Grant No.ZDZZD201506)the Young and Middleaged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talents Training Program of Yunnan Province(Grant No.2008PY056)the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)at the University of Yunnan Province,IRTSTYN。
文摘Development of drought monitoring techniques is important for understanding and mitigating droughts and for rational agricultural management. This study used data from multiple sources, including MOD13 A3, TRMM 3 B43, and SRTMDEM, for Yunnan Province, China from 2009 to 2018 to calculate the tropical rainfall condition index(TRCI), vegetation condition index(VCI), temperature condition index(TCI), and elevation factors. Principal component analysis(PCA) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) were used to construct comprehensive drought monitoring models for Yunnan Province. The reliability of the models was verified, following which the drought situation in Yunnan Province for the past ten years was analysed. The results showed that:(1) The comprehensive drought index(CDI) had a high correlation with the standardized precipitation index, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, temperature vegetation dryness index, and CLDAS(China Meteorological Administration land data assimilation system), indicating that the CDI was a strong indicator of drought through meteorological, remote sensing and soil moisture monitoring.(2) The droughts from 2009 to 2018 showed generally consistent spatiotemporal changes. Droughts occurred in most parts of the province, with an average drought frequency of 29% and four droughtprone centres.(3) Monthly drought coverage during 2009 to 2014 exceeded that over 2015 to 2018. January had the largest average drought coverage over the study period(61.92%). Droughts at most stations during the remaining months except for October exhibited a weakening trend(slope > 0). The CDI provides a novel approach for drought monitoring in areas with complex terrain such as Yunnan Province.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No.46171501 ].
文摘Drought monitoring is the base for drought coping and adaptation. Xingtai is located in North China＇s key winter wheat production areas where drought is severe and frequent. The rainfall during winter wheat growing season is just about 1/3 of total demand. Xingtai has typical mountainous, hilly and plain agricultural zones, compound rain-fed and irrigated farming patterns. The winter wheat irrigation has heavily depended on overdraw of groundwater in recent decades. In the study, the MODIS （Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） images taken at the key winter wheat growing season （Mar. to May） in normal rainfall year （2006） were selected, extracted NDVI （Normalized Difference Vegetation Index） and LST （Land Surface Temperature） data, calculated TVDI （Temperature and Vegetation Drought Index）, classified and mapped winter wheat drought intensity. Further, based on TVDI, a CDRA （Comprehensive Drought Risk Assessment） model for winter wheat drought disaster risk assessment was constructed and zoning was made. Verified by winter wheat yield, the risk zoning by CDRA is consistent with actual crop failure space. This method can be used in drought risk management.
