Prevention and Control Measures of Environmental Pollution Problem Caused by Dairy Farming in Inner Mongolia

Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental pollution problem generated by dairy farming in Inner Mongolia and its cause were analyzed,and prevention and control measures were put forward. The research result showed that weak technology support of environmental treatment and environmental-protection awareness of dairy farmer and bad application effect of pollution control technology caused by lower education degree of dairy farmer were main reasons for environmental pollution problem. We should develop dairy circular economy,advocate a moderate scale,scientifically breed,and enhance training of pollution control technology and propaganda to protect environment.

Research on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution in Building Construction

The quality of human life has been greatly improved with the rapid development of the market economy.However,at the same time,people are paying more attention to the problems caused by environmental pollution.As a result,there is an increase in environmental awareness.At the present stage,people are concerned about the negative impact that building construction has on the environment.Building construction enterprises must have preventive measures and deal with environmental pollution during construction.This is to minimize pollution caused by construction and to satisfy the implementation of green civilization construction.This is important as it can enhance the development of socialist spiritual civilization and thus promote the expansion of enterprises in the long run.The author explores and analyzes the main types of environmental pollution generated in building construction.Besides,the author provides effective measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by building construction to reduce its adverse impact on the environment.

Research Progress on the Relationship between Air Pollution and Socio-economic Growth in China

Air pollution is a hot issue studied by scholars all over the world.Academic circles generally believe that socio-economic factors such as extensive economic growth,unbalanced proportion of industrial structure and unreasonable energy consumption structure are the main"culprits"of serious air pollution in China.Therefore,the relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth has very important theoretical and practical significance for air pollution prevention and control and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of cities.Through literature research and summary methods,this paper studies the severity and harmfulness of air pollution in China,and deeply studies the research progress of socio-economic influencing factors of air pollution,environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis of air pollution,decoupling relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth,so as to provide useful reference for the prevention and control of air pollution.

Thoughts on Energy Solutions to Alleviation of Air Pollution during the Heating Period in Key Areas

Since the implementation of the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control , all regions of China have steadily promoted the prevention and control of air pollution and achieved results continuously. However, the atmospheric environment in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and Fenwei Plain is still severe, and especially during the heating period heavy pollution occurs frequently, which has become the focus and difficulty of improving the quality of the atmospheric environment and is also the weakest link of China s air pollution control at present. How to alleviate air pollution, how to win the battle of pollution prevention and control, how to hold the fruits of the blue sky defense war, energy consumption is key.

Impact of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China

China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(the Action Plan)in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter(PM2.5) pollution.Here,we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013-2017 using satellite-based PM2.5 chemical composition data derived using CMAQ simulations and satellite inputs.The PM2.5 concentrations decreased considerably during this time as a result of the reductions in all chemical species in PM2.5.The population-weighted mean concentrations over eastern China decreased from 11.1 to 6.7μgm-3 for SO42-,13.8-13.1μgm-3 for NO3-,7.4-5.8μgm-3 for NH4+,9.9-8.4μgm-3 for OM,4.6-3.8μg m-3 for BC and 12.9-9.6μg m-3 for other species in PM2.5.SO42-had the largest reduction of 40%,while NO3-had the lowest reduction of 5%,resulting in a greater fraction of NO3-and a smaller fraction of SO42-in PM2.5.Among the three key regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei had the largest reduction in PM2.5 and its chemical compositions.The decrease in SO42-concentrations was in line with the reduction of SO2 emissions,and the major driver of the SO2 emission reductions was the industrial sector.The decrease in NO3 concentrations was limited because the decrease in SO2 emissions and the stable NH3 emissions facilitated the formation of NO3-from HNO3,which partially offset the reduction in NOx emissions driven by the power sector.To mitigate PM2.5 pollution more effectively,future efforts are needed to reduce NH3 emissions.

A Study of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Policy Framework from a Policy Instrument Perspective

Environmental pollution caused by rapid economic development like that seen in China over the past twenty years poses various threats to human health. People have started to place much more of an emphasis on environmental security, working to find a balance between sustainability and economic growth. In recent years, air pollution has emerged as a highly discussed topic of social and environmental relevance in China, due in part to persistent smog that affects everyday life and causes serious harm to human health. Although air pollution is normally associated with human activity, is can be caused by natural processes such as eruptions and forest fires, but is always characterized by the release of certain substances into the atmosphere which, when present in certain concentrations or for given durations, can harm human health, daily life, productivity, and other aspects. In humans, it mainly affects the respiratory system, notably the lungs, as well as the immune system. A series of studies both in China and overseas have shown, in certain cases, even low concentrations of air pollution can pose a great threat to human health. In this study, we conducted an analysis of air quality policies, focusing on the 2018 revision of the People’s Republic of China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution(LPCAP). We utilized the content analysis method and Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory to construct a policy framework, demarcate analysis units, code and classify policy texts, determine descriptive statistics, and analyze dimensional interactions. We used two dimensions(basic policy instruments classified as demand-, supply-, and environment-side;and air carrying capacity) to quantify and analyze the LPCAP, which enabled us to analyze the deficiencies and conflicts within policy instruments. The results show a higher utilization frequency of environment-side policy instruments, particularly regulation management and strategic measures. This reflects efforts by the government to create a favorable environment for improving air quality. Additionally, supply-side policy instruments are used far less frequently than environment-side policy instruments. Air quality legal policies and pollution control measures mainly consist of environment-side policy instruments;ecological thinking and air quality policies that are based mainly on supply-side and environment-side policy instruments;and social coordination policies that mainly use environment-side policy instruments. Based on the results of this study, we recommend an increase in the number of supply-and demand-side policy instruments, particularly the latter which includes promoting ecological thinking amongst citizens, to optimize and improve air pollution prevention and control policies.

Particulate matter trends and quantification of the spring sand-dust contribution in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,from 2013 to 2017

On 10 September 2013,the State Council promulgated the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution(hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan).To study the variations in the air pollutant concentrations in Hohhot during the implementation of the Action Plan and the effects of various measures,the daily concentrations of air pollutants(fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),inhalable PM(PM 10),SO_(2),and NO_(2))in Hohhot published by the China Environmental Monitoring Station were obtained to analyze the general meteorological conditions in Inner Mongolia from 2013 to 2017.The variations and causes of the ambient PM concentration in Hohhot were examined,and the quantitative influence of sandstorms on the ambient PM concentration in Hohhot was analyzed by selecting the spring season with frequent sandstorms as an example.The results showed the following.(1)The air quality in Hohhot continuously improved,and compared with those in 2013,the PM_(2.5)and PM 10 concentrations decreased by 24.6%and 48.2%,respectively,in 2017.However,the air pollutant concentrations remained high,with the average PM_(2.5)and PM 10 concentrations exceeding the national secondary standards by 22.9%and 35.7%,respectively.(2)The reductions in the spring PM_(2.5)and PM 10 concentrations were 5.6%and 8.9%,respectively,and the annual decreases in the PM_(2.5)and PM 10 concentrations were 3.6 and 15.1μg m^(−3)yr−1,respectively,from 2013 to 2017.(3)The absolute contribution ranges of dust weather to the concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM 10,and TSP during 2013–17 were 0.6–5.2μg m^(−3),9.0–16.9μg m^(−3),and 14.7–30.0μg m^(−3),respectively,in Hohhot during the spring.

An assessment of China's joint prevention and control policy on sulfur dioxide emissions reduction:A spatial econometric analysis

Sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))is a typical pollutant that affects human health,climate,and environmental and ecological conditions.China has been experiencing high concentrations of SO_(2),particularly in urban areas,since the 1990s.In 2010,a"joint prevention and control"(JPC)policy was issued to address air pollution problems and strengthen the regulation of SO_(2)emissions.This study aimed to describe the mitigation effects of this policy on SO_(2)emissions in 116 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2017.We applied global and local Moran's I indices to confirm the presence of significant spatial autocorrelation in SO_(2)emissions and constructed four spatial models to assess the effect of the JPC policy in reducing SO_(2)emissions and its transmission mechanism.We found that the policy decreased SO_(2)emissions by 1.89×10^(4)tons,S0_(2)intensity by 1.70 tons per km^(2),and S0_(2)per capita of 158.49 tons per 10,000 people in each city,on average,all of which are significant changes.The empirical results also show that population growth,economic structure,and environmental protection significantly decrease SO_(2)emissions.Finally,we recommended policies to encourage regional cooperation under the JPC policy,with the aim of promoting furtherreductions in SO_(2)emissions.

中国大气污染防治政策与空气污染治理——基于城市级面板数据的实证研究

2013年颁布实施的《大气污染防治行动计划》是我国首个针对环境突出问题开展综合治理的行动计划;为巩固治理效果,应对动态变化的环境问题,2018年国务院进一步发布了《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》。研究利用中国258个城市2013年1月至2020年9月日度空气污染数据,实证检验了上述两阶段政策对空气质量的影响,并从不同污染物治理效果、时间和区域异质性等角度分析了政策效应的差异。结果指出:第一,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”均显著降低了AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO;第二,相比“大气十条”,“蓝天保卫战”对NO_(2)的减排效应更高,且实现对O_(3)的协同治理;第三,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”对各污染物的减排效应因供暖时期、地区能源资源禀赋呈现出较强的异质性特征。

“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策的实施效果研究

推动减污降碳协同增效是深入打好污染防治攻坚战,实现碳达峰的必然要求。将《大气污染防治行动计划》和《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》视为一个连贯政策,运用渐进双重差分法探究了于2015和2018年提出的“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策实施效果。研究表明:“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策显著提高了“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放强度协同度和“PM-CO_(2)”排放量(强度)协同度,但该政策对“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放量协同度无显著影响。机制分析表明,提升政府监管水平、弱化政企关系以及增强企业绿色创新是政策的主要传导机制。异质性分析表明,政策效果在不同能耗水平的城市中具有显著差异,比起高污染上市公司,高耗能中小企业在污染物和CO_(2)的协同减排措施上仍存在较大改善空间。研究结论对我国优化“持续深入打好蓝天保卫战”相关政策提供启示。

内蒙古河套灌区农田排水污染特征及防控措施

内蒙古河套灌区农田排水引起的面源污染是乌梁素海的首要污染源,具有独特的污染特征及产排路径。通过文献查阅和现场调查,总结了河套灌区灌排系统和制度现状,分析了农田排水污染特征,明确了农田排水污染物的产排路径,并基于农田排水污染的影响因素提出了具体的防控措施。结果显示:1)河套灌区排水系统在农田排水污染物输送方面发挥着至关重要的作用,但近年来排水功能逐渐减弱;2)河套灌区非生长期灌溉用水量占全年用水量的55%~60%,其中每年秋浇洗盐用水量占全年灌溉用水量的1/3,灌溉水资源利用率较低;3)农田排水中化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮等污染物来自河套灌区内部,秋浇期面源污染风险最高;4)河套灌区农业生产活动主要以氮素污染为主,氮素通过土壤下渗并随浅层地下水迁移排放;5)河套灌区灌溉制度、农田内排水过程、排水沟外排水过程是农田排水污染的主要影响因素。针对河套灌区农田排水污染特征、产排路径以及主要影响因素,建议因地制宜采取措施构建综合治理模式,如源头水分调控、排水沟优化以及生态系统过程拦截,以改善乌梁素海流域的水环境。

浅析施工现场扬尘治理现状

建筑业迅猛发展,而施工现场管理人员扬尘环保思想意识薄弱、管控不成体系,最终导致城市大气污染愈发严重,城市笼罩于黑暗之中。政府部门颁布一系列文件及管控措施,但实际管控效果较为不明显。基于此,对扬尘治理治理现状进行总结、对研究现状进行分析,提出一些相关管控措施,对今后的施工现场管理提供参考。

农业面源污染治理问题及对策建议

农业污染是环境污染的重要来源,农业生产中农药、化肥等过量施用,秸秆乱烧,地膜乱弃,禽畜粪便乱堆等对环境造成了严重污染。该文对农业污染来源及防控过程中存在的问题进行解析,并结合问题提出对策和建议。

土壤环境安全及其污染防治措施

土壤环境是影响农业生产的第一要素,保护土壤安全,防治土壤污染是我国农业发展的首要工作,也是促进社会经济发展的重要内容。当前,我国土壤环境保护面临较多挑战,土壤污染现状也不容乐观,需要多措并举进行深度治理。本文基于我国土壤环境安全现状,重点探讨了土壤污染的类型、监测技术和防治措施,旨在保障土壤环境安全,维护国民身体健康,提升土壤污染监控能力和防治水平,促进我国农业生产和生态保护的良性发展。

室内粉尘污染对人体健康的影响及防治策略研究

本研究旨在深入探讨室内粉尘污染对人体健康的影响,并提出了一系列有效的防治策略。通过文献综述和数据分析,发现室内粉尘污染与多种健康问题密切相关,强调了改善室内空气质量的紧迫性。为了降低室内粉尘污染的危害,建议采取综合性的控制措施,包括通风改善、定期清洁、过滤器使用等,以保护人体健康。此外,还将通过案例研究深入探讨不同环境下的室内粉尘污染问题和解决方法。

大气污染治理中环境监测技术的应用价值研究

在大气污染治理中,通过环境监测技术能够改善生态环境,同时对促进生态经济的发展有重要意义。环境保护部门需要对大气污染形成的原因及影响因素进行分析,制定完善的环境监测以及治理制度,通过不同的监测技术对大气污染环境中的各种污染物成分进行分析,从而解决大气环境污染问题。人们的生产和生活、经济的发展,都会对大气环境造成危害,导致有害气体释放,威胁着人们赖以生存的自然环境,并对空气造成严重的污染。在生产和生活中,如果排放的有害气体超出了环境所能承受的极限,就会出现严重的生态环境问题,对人们的生产、生活造成不良影响。要想使人民生活得到更好的保障,就必须找到造成空气污染的原因,并采用有效的环境监控手段来治理空气污染。

COVID-19疫情期间呼和浩特市大气污染特征及其影响因素

为阻止新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情迅速蔓延,我国采取了严格的管控措施,在全国大部分城市PM_(2.5)浓度显著下降的背景下,呼和浩特市PM_(2.5)浓度不降反升,仍出现多次重污染过程,其成因尚不明确.基于环境空气质量自动监测数据(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO和O_(3)),结合风速、风向、温度、相对湿度等气象数据,研究疫情期间大气污染特征及其影响因素,利用潜在源区贡献函数(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析(CWT)识别污染物潜在源区,为呼和浩特市大气污染治理提供理论依据.研究结果表明:疫情期间呼和浩特市发生重度以上污染天6 d,占监测总天数的19.3%.与历史同期比较,疫情期间呼和浩特市PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO和O_(3)浓度均有不同程度上升,SO_(2)和NO_(2)呈降低趋势.与疫情前相比,疫情期间PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)和CO分别下降38.6%、31.7%、46.1%、35.8%和37.0%,O_(3)上升109.4%.高相对湿度和低风速是呼和浩特市“疫情霾”形成的主要原因.疫情期间呼和浩特市大气PM_(2.5)主要受本地源或近距离传输的影响.

空气污染物暴露对儿童呼吸系统疾病发生的影响及防治措施分析

目的分析儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物暴露的影响及防治措施。方法回顾性选取2022年6月至2023年5月就诊闽清县总医院的儿童呼吸系统疾病患儿300例,分析基本资料,并分析儿童呼吸系统疾病和空气污染物的相关性、儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物的影响达到高峰的时间。结果闽清县空气污染物NO、SO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)年均浓度分别为(29.30±4.10)μg/m^(3)、(38.10±6.56)μg/m^(3)、(61.01±12.80)μg/m^(3)、(61.32±14.85)μg/m^(3),PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)占主要地位。儿童支气管肺炎、支气管炎、急性扁桃体炎与空气污染物均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。住院患儿每日呼吸系统疾病受到NO的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前1 d,SO_(2)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前1 d,PM_(2.5)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院当天,PM_(10)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前3 d。结论儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物暴露的直接影响,其中对支气管肺炎具有最大的影响,PM_(10)是最常见污染物,住院前3 d其有最大影响效应,临床可以据此采取有针对性的防治措施。

变电站电磁污染分布特性及防控措施研究

变电站产生的电磁辐射强度越来越大,威胁着环境与居民的安全,故提出变电站电磁污染分布特性及防控措施研究。选取某500 kV变电站作为研究对象,EFA-300型号电磁场强分析仪器作为测试仪器,依据制定变电站电磁辐射强度检测流程与电磁辐射强度测量点布置结果,获取电磁辐射强度测量结果。通过分析可知:变电站配电区域电磁污染中心强、周围弱;电气设备区域一次设备辐射高、二次设备低;空地、建筑、植被区域距离增加,辐射逐渐减小。制定措施包括完善法律体系、合理技术应用与有效屏蔽电磁场,助力电磁污染治理。