Multi-omics analysis of human tendon adhesion reveals that ACKR1-regulated macrophage migration is involved in regeneration

Tendon adhesion is a common complication after tendon injury with the development of accumulated fibrotic tissues without effective anti-fibrotic therapies,resulting in severe disability.Macrophages are widely recognized as a fibrotic trigger during peritendinous adhesion formation.However,different clusters of macrophages have various functions and receive multiple regulation,which are both still unknown.In our current study,multi-omics analysis including single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics was performed on both human and mouse tendon adhesion tissue at different stages after tendon injury.The transcriptomes of over 74000 human single cells were profiled.As results,we found that SPP1^(+)macrophages,RGCC^(+)endothelial cells,ACKR1^(+)endothelial cells and ADAM12^(+)fibroblasts participated in tendon adhesion formation.Interestingly,despite specific fibrotic clusters in tendon adhesion,FOLR2^(+)macrophages were identified as an antifibrotic cluster by in vitro experiments using human cells.Furthermore,ACKR1 was verified to regulate FOLR2^(+)macrophages migration at the injured peritendinous site by transplantation of bone marrow from Lysm-Cre;R26R^(tdTomato) mice to lethally irradiated Ackr1^(-/-)mice(Ackr1^(-/-)chimeras;deficient in ACKR1)and control mice(WT chimeras).Compared with WT chimeras,the decline of FOLR2^(+)macrophages was also observed,indicating that ACKR1 was specifically involved in FOLR2^(+)macrophages migration.Taken together,our study not only characterized the fibrosis microenvironment landscape of tendon adhesion by multi-omics analysis,but also uncovered a novel antifibrotic cluster of macrophages and their origin.These results provide potential therapeutic targets against human tendon adhesion.

An integrated spatial planning of the mountainous landscapes for ski sports in a case area at the eastern Türkiye

Mountainous regions have disadvantages in economic development because of harsh physical and climatic conditions.However,winter tourism activities are one of the key components for supporting economic development in the highlands.Establishing a ski resort area supports direct and indirect employment in a region,and it stops immigration from mountainous regions to other places.This research aimed to assess the potential ski areas using a multi criteria evaluation technique in the Van region which is located in the eastern part of Türkiye.In this context,snow cover duration,sun effect,slope,slope length,elevation,population density,distance from main roads and lake visibility were used as input factors in the decision making process.Each factor was standardized using a fuzzy technique based on existing well-known ski centers in Türkiye.The weight of inputs was defined by applying a survey to the professional skiers.The most important factors were detected as transportation opportunities and snow covers whereas,the least important factors were elevation and population density.Additionally,lake visibility was very important to make a difference from other existing facilities in the region.Therefore,it was included as constraints and lake visible areas were extracted at the final stage of the research.Potential ski areas were mapped in three levels as professional,intermediate and beginner skiers.One of the suitable areas was selected as a sample projection and for the 3D simulation of the ski investment area.Potential costs and benefits were discussed.It was found that a ski tourism area investment can be amortized in 3 years in the region.

Visual Quality Analysis of Urban Park Landscapes Based on Eye Tracking: A Case Study of Nanjing Xiaohong Stone Carving Park

The landscape quality of urban parks is an important aspect of tourists'landscape experience.A full understanding of their relationship is beneficial to the park design,construction and management.In this paper,Xiaohong Stone Carving Park in Nanjing was selected as a case study.Firstly,the subjective landscape visual quality evaluation of tourists was obtained through the scenic beauty evaluation,and the objective landscape visual preference of users was obtained through eye movement experiment and analysis.Secondly,the values of various park landscape elements were measured respectively.And then the correlation between the subjective and objective evaluation and the values of park landscape elements was analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The visual preference of plant cluster landscape with beautiful shape,distinct layers and significant color contrast is high;(2)The preference for waterfront scenes with significant terrain differences,rich background vegetation levels,and clear and vivid water side reflections is high;(3)The designed artificial structures often become the focus of attention in the whole scene,which can improve the beauty of the scene;(4)The overall landscape composition is very important for the beauty of the scene.Finally,through the comprehensive analysis with the design expectation,the optimization strategy was proposed.

Spatial Analysis of Structural Changes and Floristic Distribution of Forest Landscapes in the Centre-West Region of Burkina Faso

Land use and occupation dynamics impact landscape structure, diversity, richness and balance of vegetation cover. The aim of this study is to describe the process of fragmentation of the forest landscape from 1990 to 2020 and its effects on the degradation of the floristic characteristics of the vegetation in the Central West region of Burkina Faso. To achieve this, satellite data were collected and processed as part of a mapping approach to describing the landscape and the different types of landscape fragmentation. Mapping indices of landscape fragmentation (relative richness, change process, patch zones, Shannon diversity index) were also calculated. These indices were programmed in Idrisi Selva’s Landscape Pattern and change process analysis module. Spatio-temporal analysis revealed that in 1990, the landscape was dominated by natural vegetation formations, covering 66.33% of the territory. By 2020, these had been degraded to 44.80% by farmlands. The mapping analysis of indices also showed that the study area is characterized by four types of landscape fragmentation, including attrition, aggregation, creation and dissection. We also observed an abundant homogeneity, diversity and richness of conservation areas with legal and land tenure status. However, the structure is heterogeneous in landscapes outside protected areas and in areas under human occupation. This shows the crucial role played by conservation areas in preserving and balancing the diversity of vegetative cover in the study area.

Path-dependent speciation in dynamic fitness landscapes

Species is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology and biodiversity.However,existing species definitions are often influenced by artificial factors or are challenging in practical application,leading to confusion in species classification.Due to uncertain environmental changes and random genetic drift,the fitness expectations of a population may shift,causing species to evolve to a new evolutionary state based on their current instantaneous fitness within a dynamic fitness landscape.This contrasts with the classic static fitness landscape,where fitness expectations are constant.In a dynamic fitness landscape,speciation may exhibit path dependence,where the evolution of traits follows a probabilistic path,creating feedback that shapes evolutionary trajectories.The path-dependent evolutionary mechanism suggests that species survival within an ecosystem is not directly determined by their fitness but by the probability of their evolutionary pathways.This model also indicates that species can coexist with varying probabilities under limited environmental pressures.Consequently,new species,cryptic species,or sympatric species may emerge via path-dependent evolutionary processes.Within this framework,we developed a mathematical species concept,which may guide future species classification methodologies.

融合Mind Map优势助力完善线上线下教学衔接--以园林树木学树种识别教学为例

疫情当前,线上线下混合式教学已经成为课程教学新模式。树种识别是园林树木学教学的重点和难点,也是教学目的之一。由于课程涉及的树种种类繁多,知识点琐碎,专业术语抽象,再加上课时少任务重,使得教师在教学过程中无法将所有树种的特征逐一讲解到,学生在学习过程中也容易混淆,无法有效吸收知识点。因此,在课程的教学改革中,通过引入Mind Map帮助厘清知识框架,优化知识结构,搭建知识关联,不仅使教师授课过程更顺畅,而且能够激发学生在线学习的兴趣,促使学生养成“整理知识点”的良好习惯,使学习效率大幅度提高,从而创建高效的线上课堂,有效巩固混合式教学的教学效果。

SPEAKING模型下北京地铁双语站名语言景观考察与研究

基于SPEAKING模型,选取模型中SPN三个要素,对比2022版及2023版北京城市轨道交通线网图,深入分析北京地铁双语站名语言景观。研究发现,北京地铁双语站名语言景观表达与语言服务质量、语言权势、身份认同及意识形态相关,但存在不统一、不规范等实际问题。文章从语言服务质量的提升和象征功能的体现两个方面对该问题提出针对性修改建议,以规范北京地铁双语站名语言景观表达,进而强化“风向标”引领,彰显“头雁效应”。

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022) intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China. This section dissects cardiovascular risk factors in China which including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and air pollution. Hypertension prevalence has steadily increased in China,with efforts to control it facing challenges in achieving optimal rates, especially in rural areas. Interventions like salt substitutes and intensive blood pressure control show promise but need improvement. Abnormal lipid levels, indicative of dyslipidemia,have risen significantly, posing a risk for cardiovascular diseases. Despite efforts, many patients struggle to achieve target lipid levels, necessitating improved treatment strategies. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus affect millions of adults in China,with long-term complications adding to the disease burden. Early intervention and effective management are crucial to mitigate its impact. Prevalent among older adults, chronic kidney disease is associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, necessitating comprehensive management approaches. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of risk factors, has increased in both adults and adolescents, calling for lifestyle modifications and public health interventions. Ambient and household air pollution remain significant environmental risk factors, despite some improvements in air quality. Continued efforts to reduce emissions are essential for mitigating associated health risks. Addressing these risk factors requires a multifaceted approach, including public health initiatives, policy interventions, and individual-level strategies to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce environmental exposures. Surveillance and research efforts are crucial for monitoring trends and developing effective strategies to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases in China.

Variations in Surface Urban Heat Island and Urban Cool Island Intensity:A Review Across Major Climate Zones

The climate has an impact on the urban thermal environment,and the magnitude of the surface urban heat island(SUHI)and urban cool island(UCI)vary across the world’s climatic zones.This literature review investigated:1)the variations in the SUHI and UCI intensity under different climatic backgrounds,and 2)the effect of vegetation types,landscape composition,urban configuration,and water bodies on the SUHI.The SUHI had a higher intensity in tropical(Af(tropical rainy climate,Köppen climate classification),Am(tropical monsoon climate),subtropical(Cfa,subtropical humid climate),and humid continental(Dwa,semi-humid and semi-arid monsoon climate)climate zones.The magnitude of the UCI was low compared to the SUHI across the climate zones.The cool and dry Mediterranean(Cfb,temperate marine climate;Csb,temperate mediterranean climate;Cfa)and tropical climate(Af)areas had a higher cooling intensity.For cities with a desert climate(BWh,tropical desert climate),a reverse pattern was found.The difference in the SUHI in the night-time was greater than in the daytime for most cities across the climate zones.The extent of green space cooling was related to city size,the adjacent impervious surface,and the local climate.Additionally,the composition of urban landscape elements was more significant than their configuration for sustaining the urban thermal environment.Finally,we identified future research gaps for possible solutions in the context of sustainable urbanization in different climate zones.

The effects of climate and land use change on the potential distribution and nesting habitat of the Lesser Adjutant in Nepal

Climate change and land use change pose a threat to the world’s biodiversity and have significant impacts on the geographic distribution and composition of many bird species,but little is known about how they affect threatened large-sized waterbird species that rely on agricultural landscapes.To address this gap,we investigated how climate and land use changes influence the distribution and nesting habitats of the globally vulnerable Lesser Adjutant(Leptoptilos javanicus) in Nepal.Between 2012 and 2023,we collected distribution data from 24 districts and nesting site information from 18 districts.In a nation-wide breeding survey conducted in 2020,we documented a total of 581 fledglings from 346 nests in 109 colonies.The ensemble model predicted a current potential distribution of 15%(21,637 km2) and a potential nesting habitat of 13%(19,651 km2) for the species in Nepal.The highest predicted current suitable distribution and nesting habitat was in Madhesh Province,while none was predicted in Karnali Province.The majority of this predicted distributional and nesting habitat falls on agricultural landscapes(>70%).Our model showed a likely range expansion of up to 15%(21,573 km2) for the distribution and up to 12%(17,482 km2) for the nesting habitat under SSP5-8.5 scenarios for the 2070s.The range expansion is expected to occur mainly within the current distribution and breeding range(Tarai and some regions of Siwalk),particularly in Lumbini and Sudurpashchim provinces,and extend to the northern portions(Siwalik and Mid-hill regions) in other provinces.However,the current Protected Areas and Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas are inadequate for providing optimal habitats for the species.Although the model suggests range expansion,the use of such novel habitats is primarily contingent on the availability and protection of large-sized trees(particularly Bombax ceiba,observed in 65% of colonies) in agricultural regions where nesting occurs.Therefore,our research suggests that agricultural landscapes should be prioritized in management plans for the conservation of the Lesser Adjutant in Nepal.

Remote Sensing for Analyzing Forested Landscape Structure and Land-Use Histories in Guyana’s Bauxite Mining Landscapes

Monitoring secondary forest regrowth is a priority in forest restoration strategies. A site history helps in understanding the present status of natural regeneration in the three landscapes impacted by bauxite mining. Nonetheless, high rainfall in bauxite residue storage areas can facilitate natural regeneration of forest. This research analyzed the natural regeneration of forest after thirty years of different land use histories at three bauxite mining areas of the Upper Demerara—Berbice region of Guyana. There are no man made forest plantations in the three landscapes being reviewed. The methodology included: 1) the selection of three sampling landscapes with different land use histories 2) the generation Land Use/Land Cover maps using KMeans unsupervised classification of satellite images in each landscape and 3) the assessment of landscape structure of the land cover classes for year 2020 at class and landscape level using landscape metrics. The assessment of landscape structure of the land cover classes was carried-out with landscape metrics for the comparisons at class and landscape level. Principal component analysis enables the identification of main patterns among landscape-level metrics and land cover classes. Discriminant classification of the landscape classes was analyzed with the different metrics. The results suggest that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and KMeans unsupervised classification can be used to evaluate the difference in natural forest regeneration among landscapes with differing land use histories. The landscape metrics revealed secondary stages of forest succession. The Landscape Shape Index and Edge Density were the most significant for landscape differentiation. The result of the various land uses reveals a mosaic of early, intermediate, and late successional sequences.

基于InVEST模型的蒲河流域景观格局及生境质量时空演变分析

[目的]通过对景观生态格局和生境质量的时空动态分析,深入研究沈阳市蒲河流域实施水土保持措施前后的生境质量响应情况,旨在为小型流域的水土保持策略提供科学依据,以促进生态经济的协同增长和区域生态的持续健康发展。[方法]基于蒲河流域2000年、2010年、2020年的土地利用数据和数字高程模型(DEM)等数据,结合FRAGSTATS和InVEST模型,运用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数、生境质量及生境退化度对土地利用变化进行分析,探究响应机理。[结果](1)在2000-2010年期间,蒲河流域的耕地开发活动频繁,导致森林、草地等土地类型的比例显著下降;在2010-2020年期间,蒲河生态廊道的建设推动土地利用的变化,耕地面积流向人造地表、森林和草地。(2)在2000-2020年期间,蒲河流域的整体景观格局经历先趋于完整后破碎化的演变过程,蒲河两岸景观形成多种要素集合的密集格局,城市中心北部边缘地区生境持续破碎化。(3)从流域整体分析,2000年、2010年、2020年的生境平均质量分别为0.349,0.329,0.354,呈现出先降后升的趋势。生境退化平均值分别为0.098,0.112,0.086,与生境质量变化趋势一致。随着蒲河生态廊道建设,2020年生境质量明显改善,生态系统受到的威胁减少。从空间格局分析,东北部与西南部呈现出明显的空间分布特征;东北山区、西南湿地等区域生境质量总体较好,但有着生境退化的威胁。[结论]在水土保持措施的影响下,蒲河流域的景观生态格局得以改善,有效抑制了生境的退化现象。

Exploration of Graduate Student Cultivation Mode of Landscape Architecture under the Background of“Artificial Intelligence+X”

Under the background of“artificial intelligence+X”,the development of landscape architecture industry ushers in new opportunities,and professional talents need to be updated to meet the social demand.This paper analyzes the cultivation demand of landscape architecture graduate students in the context of the new era,and identifies the problems by comparing the original professional graduate training mode.The new cultivation mode of graduate students in landscape architecture is proposed,including updating the target orientation of the discipline,optimizing the teaching system,building a“dualteacher”tutor team,and improving the“industry-university-research-utilization”integrated cultivation,so as to cultivate high-quality compound talents with disciplinary characteristics.

A Platform for Global Trade Cooperation --CIIE has tapped considerable potential for developing countries to export value-added products to China

“In a changing trade landscape,the CIIE testifies to the fact that China continues to be open to importing products,services,and investment from around the world—including from small businesses in developing countries,”said Pamela Coke-Hamilton,executive director of the International Trade Center(ITC),in an exclusive interview with China Report ASEAN at the opening ceremony of the sixth CIIE in Shanghai.

Application of Regional Characteristic Elements in Designing of Kindergarten Environmental Landscapes

Presently, there are many problems on kindergarten designing. For example, visual perception is always the priority for outdoor landscapes, and sandpit and children＇s slide are always devices for attracting children. The research analyzed the role of regional characteristics in designing kindergarten landscapes and proposed that the regional elements should be taken into consideration, providing references for characteristic designs of kindergarten landscape.

基于InVEST和PLUS模型下的土地利用变化及生境质量演变分析:以汉中盆地为例

汉中盆地是中国南水北调工程中的重要源头区,分析区内土地利用及生境质量,能提高对该地区演变规律的认识,进一步保护下游研究区的自然资源和生态环境安全。笔者基于2000~2020年20年内共3期土地利用数据,建立了研究区多类型土地利用数据库和生境质量评估体系,从土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数、生境质量等多个方面对研究区内的土地利用的时空变化进行研究,并利用PLUS模型进行土地利用扩张和预测分析。结果表明:2000~2020年,土地利用类型变化较大,变化转移主要发生在水田和农村居民点用地、城镇用地之间;蔓延度指数逐年减少,景观破碎化程度较高;生境质量结果呈逐年下降趋势,高值面积减少并向南部扩展,低值面积增多并以城镇为中心向外辐射扩散,高等级的生态质量景观由水域和林草为主,主要沿汉江流域分布。

A structural relationship between place attachment and intention to conserve landscapes–a case study of Harz National Park in Germany

Place attachment is an important motivation for people to spend more time outdoors and to protect landscapes.This study explores visitors' intention to conserve natural landscapes based on the relationship with their place attachment to National Park landscape. Structural equation modelling(SEM) was used to determine the relationship between landscape conservation and place attachment. A survey with a structured questionnaire was administered to visitors to the seven designated hiking courses of Harz National Park in Germany. The path coefficient of 0.77 revealed that place dependence positively and significantly affected place attachment, whereas place identity did not. Place attachment had a significant effect on both affective appraisals and visiting satisfaction. Higher place attachment led to higher emotional reaction to landscapes on site and higher satisfaction of visiting the park. Among the variables, visiting satisfaction, but not affective appraisals, played a statistically significant mediating role between place attachment and conservation intention. With a path coefficient of 0.86, conservation intention was highly affected by visiting satisfaction. These results suggest that the managers of National Parks should focus on increasing visiting satisfaction based on how visitors are emotionally bonded with their visiting places, in order to enhance the intentions to conserve the landscape of the visitors to National Parks.

基于InVEST模型的矿业城市景观格局与生境质量分析——以淮南市为例

研究不同时期土地利用方式对生境质量的影响,对于矿业城市健康可持续发展具有重要意义。选择安徽省淮南市为研究对象,利用2000-2020年的三期土地利用数据作为基础数据,采用InVEST模型,分析了2000-2020年研究区生境质量的分布规律与变化特征。结果表明:(1)近20年来,研究区主要以水田和旱地2种土地利用类型为主,在研究期间占研究区总面积均超过70%。2000-2020年的用地类型变化剧烈,综合土地利用动态度为4.63%,研究区内的水田和旱地面积逐年递减,占比减少了4.3%,坑塘和建设用地的面积呈逐年增长趋势,坑塘和建设用地的面积占比分别增加0.4%、4.21%;(2)2000-2020年的生境质量平均值分别为:0.37、0.36、0.35,表明研究区生境质量呈持续下降趋势。研究结果可为研究区域生境土地综合整治及生态规划提供参考。

Editorial for the Special Issue on Natural Medicine

As the world continues to search for innovative therapeutic solutions,the field of natural medicines has emerged as a vibrant area of research.The potential of natural products to treat a wide range of diseases,coupled with the relatively low sideeffects of such products,has captured the attention of scientists,clinicians,and the general public alike.This Special Issue on Natural Medicine aims to present the latest advancements in this exciting field,highlighting both fundamental research and clinical applications.The collection of articles in this Special Issue covers a broad spectrum of topics,ranging from medicinal chemistry to biological mechanisms,and from the study of single botanic compounds to complex plant formulas.We are particularly pleased to include a comprehensive review by Yi Wang et al.on the bioactivities,mechanisms,production,and potential application of bile acids in preventing and treating infectious diseases.This review not only summarizes the current landscape of bile acids research but also highlights several promising compounds for future investigations,such as the recent interest in ursodeoxycholic acid.In a related topic,Shishan Yu’s team has developed artificial bear bile using synthetic chemistry and enzyme engineering,providing a sustainable substitute for natural bear bile.This innovation meets medical needs while addressing animal welfare issues,representing a notable progression in the field.

Roles of cancer-associated fibroblast functional heterogeneity in shaping the lymphatic metastatic landscape:new insights and therapeutic strategies

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is a process in which cancer cells travel from primary tumors to LNs via the lymphatic system,then proliferate and spread within the LNs. In most cancers,LN metastasis is a major mode of cancer dissemination,and a critical indicator of cancer progression and worsening prognosis1. The occurrence of LN metastasis indicates that the tumor has invaded the lymphatic system.