Land property in the post socialist countries was rebuilt in the beginning of the 1990s. The process went in different way in all of the post-socialist countries. The result of the privatization of agricultural land w...Land property in the post socialist countries was rebuilt in the beginning of the 1990s. The process went in different way in all of the post-socialist countries. The result of the privatization of agricultural land was a fragmented, direct or indirect smallholder ownership structure in most of the new member states of the EU. The land, partly or totally was given back to the owners and inheritors of land reforms following the war. It means that considerable proportion of the land is cultivated by tenants, the fragmented estate structure decreases the efficiency and the increasing rental fees further destroy the profitability and competitiveness of farming. Regarding to the competitiveness of agriculture, Poland showed a developing tendency after the accession, but Hungary suffers from serious problems. Applying descriptive statistics between the changes of land use and land ownership during the research relation analysis, emphasizing the effect in competitiveness of the land price and a land rent, the paper tries to identify the main differences and similarities in land use and property structure, and their effects on the agricultural competitiveness based on the FADN data base, since 2004-2007.展开更多
The kinetics of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of three types of single-chain carbo- xylic acids, namely, saturated, olefinic and acetylenic, was investigated in two aquiorgano binary sol- vent systems, DMSO-H...The kinetics of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of three types of single-chain carbo- xylic acids, namely, saturated, olefinic and acetylenic, was investigated in two aquiorgano binary sol- vent systems, DMSO-H_2O and dioxane (DX)-H_2O. The ester probes used are: octanoie (C8), do- decanoic (C12), stearic (C18), oleic (C18-ol), elaidic (C18-el) and stearolic (C18-st). The order of measured CAgC values is: C18-ol>C18-el>C18>C18-st, whereas the order of decreasing magnitude of the observed hydrolytic rate constants of the monomeric species (km) is: C18 >C18-el>C18-ol> C18-st. These rather unanticipated results are discussed.展开更多
文摘Land property in the post socialist countries was rebuilt in the beginning of the 1990s. The process went in different way in all of the post-socialist countries. The result of the privatization of agricultural land was a fragmented, direct or indirect smallholder ownership structure in most of the new member states of the EU. The land, partly or totally was given back to the owners and inheritors of land reforms following the war. It means that considerable proportion of the land is cultivated by tenants, the fragmented estate structure decreases the efficiency and the increasing rental fees further destroy the profitability and competitiveness of farming. Regarding to the competitiveness of agriculture, Poland showed a developing tendency after the accession, but Hungary suffers from serious problems. Applying descriptive statistics between the changes of land use and land ownership during the research relation analysis, emphasizing the effect in competitiveness of the land price and a land rent, the paper tries to identify the main differences and similarities in land use and property structure, and their effects on the agricultural competitiveness based on the FADN data base, since 2004-2007.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The kinetics of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of three types of single-chain carbo- xylic acids, namely, saturated, olefinic and acetylenic, was investigated in two aquiorgano binary sol- vent systems, DMSO-H_2O and dioxane (DX)-H_2O. The ester probes used are: octanoie (C8), do- decanoic (C12), stearic (C18), oleic (C18-ol), elaidic (C18-el) and stearolic (C18-st). The order of measured CAgC values is: C18-ol>C18-el>C18>C18-st, whereas the order of decreasing magnitude of the observed hydrolytic rate constants of the monomeric species (km) is: C18 >C18-el>C18-ol> C18-st. These rather unanticipated results are discussed.
