为提升油炒数值模拟的可靠性及准确度,揭示可控操作对烹饪过程参数的影响及关键过程参数对烹饪的影响。通过无量纲水分含量分析解法,测定了中式油炒猪里脊肉过程中的表面传质系数(surface mass transfer coefficient,h_(m))和有效水分...为提升油炒数值模拟的可靠性及准确度,揭示可控操作对烹饪过程参数的影响及关键过程参数对烹饪的影响。通过无量纲水分含量分析解法,测定了中式油炒猪里脊肉过程中的表面传质系数(surface mass transfer coefficient,h_(m))和有效水分扩散系数(effective moisture diffusion coefficient,D_(eff)),分析了预热油温及样品比表面积Ω对h_(m)及D_(eff)的影响;基于已构建的油炒热质传递数学模型、成熟值理论,对比了h_(m)和流体-颗粒表面传热系数(fluid-to-particle surface heat transfer coefficient,hfp)对烹饪成熟控制的影响。结果表明:与油炸过程类似研究的文献数据相比,该研究中hm值偏大在5.927×10^(−6)~2.481×10^(−5) m/s之间,D_(eff)在6.281×10^(−9)~4.148×10^(−8) m^(2)/s之间,D_(eff)活化能(Ea)在24.2~30.6 kJ/mol范围内;预热油温、比表面积Ω对h_(m)及D_(eff)有显著影响(P<0.05),预热油温越高h_(m)和D_(eff)越大,比表面积Ω和h_(m)越大,D_(eff)越小;h_(m)对烹饪成熟控制影响较小,而h_(fp)是烹饪成熟控制的关键过程参数。研究结果为油炒过程模拟提供了重要参数,为烹饪过程控制提供依据。展开更多
本文以鸡胸肉、猪里脊肉为原料,在基础配方实验中对比研究焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸钾、三聚磷酸钠等几种常用磷酸盐对肉的持水性影响。结果表明,鸡胸肉中即时保水效果,焦磷酸钠≥焦磷酸钾>三聚磷酸钠>六偏磷酸钠。混合肉中焦磷酸钾与焦...本文以鸡胸肉、猪里脊肉为原料,在基础配方实验中对比研究焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸钾、三聚磷酸钠等几种常用磷酸盐对肉的持水性影响。结果表明,鸡胸肉中即时保水效果,焦磷酸钠≥焦磷酸钾>三聚磷酸钠>六偏磷酸钠。混合肉中焦磷酸钾与焦磷酸钠差异变大。斩拌、灌肠后延长静腌时间并不能提升持水效果。肉的保水性受磷酸盐p H的影响大,在p H 7~10,保水能力随着体系p H的升高而增高。展开更多
Beef loins, were de-boned and left unpackaged (n = 12) or packaged using dry-ageing bags (n = 12). A third batch (n = 12) were not boned out and unpackaged. Loins were aged in a chill at 2°C, with steaks (2.54 cm...Beef loins, were de-boned and left unpackaged (n = 12) or packaged using dry-ageing bags (n = 12). A third batch (n = 12) were not boned out and unpackaged. Loins were aged in a chill at 2°C, with steaks (2.54 cm) tested on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 for % yield, colour, texture, pH, cooking losses and microbiological status. Sensory affective analysis and a novel descriptive method (Ranking Descriptive Analysis) were also performed. The dry aged samples had significantly (P < 0.05) higher moisture losses followed by dry-ageing bag samples and bone-in samples. The bone-in samples scored lower for appearance at 21 days, were juicier, but had more off-flavour. Dry aged beef scored significantly higher than the bone-in samples for overall acceptability, but were not significantly better than the dry-ageing bag samples which had reduced moisture losses and greater tenderness. Microbiologically all treatments performed similarly. There were no significant differences in trim losses between dry-aged samples with or without the use of ageing bags. The sensory methods utilised allowed samples to be assessed hedonically and descriptively in real time without the necessity to freeze samples and without reverse storage design.展开更多
文摘为提升油炒数值模拟的可靠性及准确度,揭示可控操作对烹饪过程参数的影响及关键过程参数对烹饪的影响。通过无量纲水分含量分析解法,测定了中式油炒猪里脊肉过程中的表面传质系数(surface mass transfer coefficient,h_(m))和有效水分扩散系数(effective moisture diffusion coefficient,D_(eff)),分析了预热油温及样品比表面积Ω对h_(m)及D_(eff)的影响;基于已构建的油炒热质传递数学模型、成熟值理论,对比了h_(m)和流体-颗粒表面传热系数(fluid-to-particle surface heat transfer coefficient,hfp)对烹饪成熟控制的影响。结果表明:与油炸过程类似研究的文献数据相比,该研究中hm值偏大在5.927×10^(−6)~2.481×10^(−5) m/s之间,D_(eff)在6.281×10^(−9)~4.148×10^(−8) m^(2)/s之间,D_(eff)活化能(Ea)在24.2~30.6 kJ/mol范围内;预热油温、比表面积Ω对h_(m)及D_(eff)有显著影响(P<0.05),预热油温越高h_(m)和D_(eff)越大,比表面积Ω和h_(m)越大,D_(eff)越小;h_(m)对烹饪成熟控制影响较小,而h_(fp)是烹饪成熟控制的关键过程参数。研究结果为油炒过程模拟提供了重要参数,为烹饪过程控制提供依据。
文摘本文以鸡胸肉、猪里脊肉为原料,在基础配方实验中对比研究焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸钾、三聚磷酸钠等几种常用磷酸盐对肉的持水性影响。结果表明,鸡胸肉中即时保水效果,焦磷酸钠≥焦磷酸钾>三聚磷酸钠>六偏磷酸钠。混合肉中焦磷酸钾与焦磷酸钠差异变大。斩拌、灌肠后延长静腌时间并不能提升持水效果。肉的保水性受磷酸盐p H的影响大,在p H 7~10,保水能力随着体系p H的升高而增高。
文摘Beef loins, were de-boned and left unpackaged (n = 12) or packaged using dry-ageing bags (n = 12). A third batch (n = 12) were not boned out and unpackaged. Loins were aged in a chill at 2°C, with steaks (2.54 cm) tested on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 for % yield, colour, texture, pH, cooking losses and microbiological status. Sensory affective analysis and a novel descriptive method (Ranking Descriptive Analysis) were also performed. The dry aged samples had significantly (P < 0.05) higher moisture losses followed by dry-ageing bag samples and bone-in samples. The bone-in samples scored lower for appearance at 21 days, were juicier, but had more off-flavour. Dry aged beef scored significantly higher than the bone-in samples for overall acceptability, but were not significantly better than the dry-ageing bag samples which had reduced moisture losses and greater tenderness. Microbiologically all treatments performed similarly. There were no significant differences in trim losses between dry-aged samples with or without the use of ageing bags. The sensory methods utilised allowed samples to be assessed hedonically and descriptively in real time without the necessity to freeze samples and without reverse storage design.