Background High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction performance.Several dietary,managerial,and genetics strategies have been tested with some succes...Background High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction performance.Several dietary,managerial,and genetics strategies have been tested with some success in mitigating heat stress(HS)in broilers.Developing novel HS mitigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically needed.This study investigated the effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation(TM)and post-hatch baica-lein supplementation on growth performance and health parameters in heat-stressed broilers.Results Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 d.After candling on embryonic day(ED)10,238 eggs were thermally manipulated at 38.5℃ with 55%relative humidity(RH)from ED 12 to 18,then transferred to the hatcher(ED 19 to 21,standard temperature)and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled temperature(37.5℃)till hatch.After hatch,180-day-old chicks from both groups were raised in 36 pens(n=10 birds/pen,6 replicates per treatment).The treatments were:1)Control,2)TM,3)control heat stress(CHS),4)thermal manipulation heat stress(TMHS),5)control heat stress supplement(CHSS),and 6)thermal manipulation heat stress supplement(TMHSS).All birds were raised under the standard environment for 21 d,followed by chronic heat stress from d 22 to 35(32–33℃ for 8 h)in the CHS,TMHS,CHSS,and TMHSS groups.A thermoneutral(22–24℃)environment was maintained in the Control and TM groups.RH was constant(50%±5%)throughout the trial.All the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R and GraphPad software at P<0.05 and are presented as mean±SEM.Heat stress significantly decreased(P<0.05)the final body weight and ADG in CHS and TMHS groups compared to the other groups.Embryonic TM significantly increased(P<0.05)the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSP70,HSP90,and HSPH1)and antioxidant-related genes(GPX1 and TXN).TMHS birds showed a significant increment(P<0.05)in total cecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentration compared to the CHS birds.The cecal microbial analysis showed significant enrichment(P<0.05)in alpha and beta diversity and Coprococcus in the TMHSS group.Conclusions Pre-hatch TM and post-hatch baicalein supplementation in heat-stressed birds mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress on chickens’growth performance,upregulate favorable gene expression,increase VFA produc-tion,and promote gut health by increasing beneficial microbial communities.展开更多
A 1-bit electronically controlled metasurface reflectarray is presented to achieve beam steering with multiple polarization manipulations. A metsurface unit cell loaded by two PIN diodes is designed. By switching the ...A 1-bit electronically controlled metasurface reflectarray is presented to achieve beam steering with multiple polarization manipulations. A metsurface unit cell loaded by two PIN diodes is designed. By switching the two PIN diodes between ON and OFF states, the isotropic and anisotropic reflections can be flexibly achieved. For either the isotropic reflection or the anisotropic reflection, the two operation states achieve the reflection coefficients with approximately equal magnitude and 180°out of phase, thus giving rise to the isotropic/anisotropic 1-bit metasurface unit cells. With the 1-bit unit cells, a 12-by-12 metasurface reflectarray is optimally designed and fabricated. Under either y-or x-polarized incident wave illumination, the reflectarray can achieve the co-polarized and cross-polarized beam scanning, respectively, with the peak gains of 20.08 d Bi and 17.26 d Bi within the scan range of about ±50°. With the right-handed circular polarization(RHCP) excitation, the left-handed circular polarization(LHCP) radiation with the peak gain of 16.98 d Bic can be achieved within the scan range of ±50°. Good agreement between the experimental results and the simulation results are observed for 2D beam steering and polarization manipulation capabilities.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast abscess during lactation is a severe complication of acute mastitis,which can lead to discomfort,high fever,breast fistula,sepsis,septic shock,breast damage,disease persistence and frequent hospitali...BACKGROUND Breast abscess during lactation is a severe complication of acute mastitis,which can lead to discomfort,high fever,breast fistula,sepsis,septic shock,breast damage,disease persistence and frequent hospitalization.Breast abscesses may also lead the mother to discontinue breastfeeding,thereby harming the infant’s health.The predominant pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus.The incidence of breastfeeding abscesses in breastfeeding women ranges between 4.0%and 11.0%.In cases of breast abscess,the rate of cessation of lactation is 41.0%.In instances of breast fistula,the rate of cessation of lactation is very high(66.7%).Furthermore,50.0%of women with breast abscesses must be hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics.Treatment includes antibiotics,abscess puncture and surgical incision and drainage.The patients suffer from stress,pain and easily induced breast scarring;the disease’s progression is prolonged and recurrent,interfering with infant feeding.Consequently,it is crucial to discover an adequate cure.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old woman with a breast abscess was treated with Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless breast opening manipulation 24 d after cesarean delivery.On the 2nd d of treatment,the patient’s breast mass was significantly reduced,the pain was significantly reduced,and the general asthenia was improved.All conscious symptoms disappeared after 3 d,breast abscesses faded after 12 d of treatment,inflammation images disappeared after 27 d,and normal lactation images were restored.CONCLUSION In treating breast abscesses during breastfeeding,the combination of Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless lactation provides a positive therapeutic impact.This disease’s treatment offers the advantages of a short course of treatment,no need to discontinue breastfeeding and the ability to rapidly mitigate symptoms,which can be used as a reference in clinical practice.展开更多
The demand for image retrieval with text manipulation exists in many fields, such as e-commerce and Internet search. Deep metric learning methods are used by most researchers to calculate the similarity between the qu...The demand for image retrieval with text manipulation exists in many fields, such as e-commerce and Internet search. Deep metric learning methods are used by most researchers to calculate the similarity between the query and the candidate image by fusing the global feature of the query image and the text feature. However, the text usually corresponds to the local feature of the query image rather than the global feature. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework of image retrieval with text manipulation by local feature modification(LFM-IR) which can focus on the related image regions and attributes and perform modification. A spatial attention module and a channel attention module are designed to realize the semantic mapping between image and text. We achieve excellent performance on three benchmark datasets, namely Color-Shape-Size(CSS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) States and Fashion200K(+8.3%, +0.7% and +4.6% in R@1).展开更多
Rice is an important dietary source of the toxic mineral cadmium(Cd) for populations in which rice is the main staple food.When grown in agricultural soils that are contaminated with Cd,rice often accumulates excessiv...Rice is an important dietary source of the toxic mineral cadmium(Cd) for populations in which rice is the main staple food.When grown in agricultural soils that are contaminated with Cd,rice often accumulates excessive Cd into the grains,which is a serious threat to agricultural sustainability and human health.To limit Cd accumulation in rice grains,studies on the genetic basis of Cd accumulation in rice have been carried out extensively,and some low-Cd rice varieties have also been developed in recent years.However,the challenges in low-Cd rice breeding still exist because the outcomes of the current genetic improvements for low-Cd rice cannot fully meet the requirements for the development of Cd-safe rice at present.In this review,we outline the progress in understanding the physiological mechanisms and the genetic nature of Cd accumulation in rice and summarize the strategies and outcomes of low-Cd rice breeding over the past decade.By graphing the physiological mechanism of Cd transport in the rice plant,three key steps and some underlying genes are summarized and discussed.Also,two genetic features of the natural variation in rice grain-Cd accumulation,the phenotypic plasticity and subspecies divergence,and the potential genetic explanations for these features are also discussed.Finally,we summarize and discuss current progress and the potential issues in low-Cd rice breeding using different breeding strategies.We hope to propose strategies for future success in the breeding of low-Cd rice varieties over the next decade.展开更多
The discovery and manipulation of topological Hall effect(THE),an abnormal magnetoelectric response mostly related to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI),are promising for next-generation spintronic devices ba...The discovery and manipulation of topological Hall effect(THE),an abnormal magnetoelectric response mostly related to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI),are promising for next-generation spintronic devices based on topological spin textures such as magnetic skyrmions.However,most skyrmions and THE are stabilized in a narrow temperature window either below or over room temperature with high critical current manipulation.It is still elusive and challenging to achieve large THE with both wide temperature window till room temperature and low critical current manipulation.Here,using controllable,naturally oxidized sub-20 and sub-10 nm 2D van der Waals room-temperature ferromagnetic Fe_(3)GaTe_(2-x)crystals,we report robust 2D skyrmion THE with ultrawide temperature window ranging in three orders of magnitude from 2 to 300 K,in combination with giant THE of~5.4μΩ·cm at 10 K and~0.15μΩ·cm at 300 K,which is 1–3 orders of magnitude larger than that of all known room-temperature 2D skyrmion systems.Moreover,room-temperature current-controlled THE is also realized with a low critical current density of~6.2×10^(5)A·cm^(-2).First-principles calculations unveil natural oxidation-induced highly enhanced 2D interfacial DMI reasonable for robust giant THE.This work paves the way to room-temperature electrically controlled 2D THE-based practical spintronic devices.展开更多
The ability to manipulate microlaser is highly desirable towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.Here we demonstrate feasible mode manipulation of Fabry-Perot type microlasers of a perovskite nanowire via inco...The ability to manipulate microlaser is highly desirable towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.Here we demonstrate feasible mode manipulation of Fabry-Perot type microlasers of a perovskite nanowire via incorporation of single gold nanoparticles.The influences of resonant wavelength,quality factor and emission directions are successively investigated using a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.It is found that blueshift of resonant wavelength could be achieved together with either promoted or degraded quality factor of the microlaser via single Au NPs with varied sizes.Unidirectional emission could also be realized which is favorable for on-chip integration.Our results provide useful reference for feasible manipulation of light-matter interactions and mode selection.展开更多
The characteristics of traditional acoustic vortices(AVs) were verified by the cross-sectional axisymmetric pressure distributions with perfect phase spirals around the center pressure null. In order to generate a non...The characteristics of traditional acoustic vortices(AVs) were verified by the cross-sectional axisymmetric pressure distributions with perfect phase spirals around the center pressure null. In order to generate a non-axisymmetric pressure distribution, the concept of power-exponent-phase was first introduced into the formation of AV beams, named “powerexponent-phase acoustic vortices(PAVs)” in this paper. Based on a ring-array of sector transducers, the helical distribution of the low-pressure valley in cross-sections of PAVs, which enables particles to move from a distant position to the center low-potential well along a certain spiral passageway, was proved theoretically. The particle manipulation behavior for PAVs with a power order of 2 is numerically modeled and experimentally confirmed. The results show that PAVs with a nonaxisymmetric spiral pressure distribution can be used to realize the directional transport of particles in an enlarged scope,suggesting prospective application potential in biomedical engineering.展开更多
We report on a method to achieve multiple microscopic particles being trapped and manipulated transversely by using a size-tunable Bessel beam generated by cross-phase modulation(XPM)based on the thermal nonlinear opt...We report on a method to achieve multiple microscopic particles being trapped and manipulated transversely by using a size-tunable Bessel beam generated by cross-phase modulation(XPM)based on the thermal nonlinear optical effect.The results demonstrate that multiple polystyrene particles can be stably trapped simultaneously,and the number of the trapped particles can be controlled by varying the trapping beam power.In addition,the trapped particles can be manipulated laterally with micron-level precision by changing the size of J_(0)Bessel beam.This work provides a simple but efficient way to trap and manipulate multiple particles simultaneously,which would have potential applications in many fields such as cell sorting and transportation.展开更多
Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implement...Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implementation of multifunctional detectors is based on the physical combination of optical lenses, gratings, and multiple photodetectors, the large size and its complex structure hinder the miniaturization, lightweight, and integration of devices. In contrast, perovskite materials have achieved remarkable progress in the field of multifunctional photodetectors due to their diverse crystal structures, simple morphology manipulation, and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we first overview the crystal structures and morphology manipulation techniques of perovskite materials and then summarize the working mechanism and performance parameters of multifunctional photodetectors. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of multifunctional perovskite photodetectors and their advancements are highlighted, including polarized light detection, spectral detection, angle-sensing detection, and selfpowered detection. Finally, the existing problems of multifunctional detectors and the perspectives of their future development are presented.展开更多
A well-managed financial market of stocks,commodities,derivatives,and bonds is crucial to a country’s economic growth.It provides confidence to investors,which encourages the inflow of cash to ensure good market liqu...A well-managed financial market of stocks,commodities,derivatives,and bonds is crucial to a country’s economic growth.It provides confidence to investors,which encourages the inflow of cash to ensure good market liquidity.However,there will always be a group of traders that aims to manipulate market pricing to negatively influence stock values in their favor.These illegal trading activities are surely prohibited according to the rules and regulations of every country’s stockmarket.It is the role of regulators to detect and prevent any manipulation cases in order to provide a trading platform that is fair and efficient.However,the complexity of manipulation cases has increased significantly,coupled with high trading volumes,which makes the manual observations of such cases by human operators no longer feasible.As a result,many intelligent systems have been developed by researchers all over the world to automatically detect various types of manipulation cases.Therefore,this review paper aims to comprehensively discuss the state-of-theart methods that have been developed to detect and recognize stock market manipulation cases.It also provides a concise definition of manipulation taxonomy,including manipulation types and categories,as well as some of the output of early experimental research.In summary,this paper provides a thorough review of the automated methods for detecting stock market manipulation cases.展开更多
One of the main obstacles limiting the performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs) is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at reduced temperatures.Here,the surface manipulation of a triple...One of the main obstacles limiting the performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs) is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at reduced temperatures.Here,the surface manipulation of a triple-conducting cathode BaCe_(0.5)Pr_(0.3)Y_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BCPY) by an efficient catalyst coating PrNi_(0.5)Co_(0.5)O_(3-δ)(PNC) to enhance the ORR activity and CO_(2) tolerance is reported.The developed PNC-coated BCPY cathode achieves the polarization resistance of 0.25 and 1.00 Ω cm^(2) at 600 and 500 ℃,respectively,approximately 1/5 of that for the pristine BCPY cathode(0.99 and 4.79 Ω cm^(2)),while maintaining an excellent CO_(2) tolerance.The single cell on a BaZr_(0.8)Yb_(0.2)O_(3-δ) electrolyte also exhibits a high peak power density of 0.79 W cm^(-2)at 700 ℃ and a stable operation for 200 h at 600 ℃.Such high ORR activity is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of BCPY support and PNC nanoparticles.Namely,BCPY provides a tripleconducting path(mainly protons),and PNC nanoparticles facilitates surface oxygen exchange and steam adsorption/desorption processes due to the enriched surface oxygen vacancies.This study will provide a new design strategy for developing high-performance PCFCs cathode.展开更多
Holograms provide a characteristic manner to display and convey information, and have been improved to provide better user interactions Holographic interactions are important as they improve user interactions with vir...Holograms provide a characteristic manner to display and convey information, and have been improved to provide better user interactions Holographic interactions are important as they improve user interactions with virtual objects. Gesture interaction is a recent research topic, as it allows users to use their bare hands to directly interact with the hologram. However, it remains unclear whether real hand gestures are well suited for hologram applications. Therefore, we discuss the development process and implementation of three-dimensional object manipulation using natural hand gestures in a hologram. We describe the design and development process for hologram applications and its integration with real hand gesture interactions as initial findings. Experimental results from Nasa TLX form are discussed. Based on the findings, we actualize the user interactions in the hologram.展开更多
Photo-responsive slippery lubricant-infused porous surface(SLIPS) for droplet manipulation is flexible, noncontact and non-destructive in droplet manipulation, which has promising applications in flexible robotics, mi...Photo-responsive slippery lubricant-infused porous surface(SLIPS) for droplet manipulation is flexible, noncontact and non-destructive in droplet manipulation, which has promising applications in flexible robotics, microfluidics,biomedicine, and chemical analysis. However, the repeated manipulations for droplets of SLIPSs are quite limited in the works reported so far, the poor durability of droplet manipulation severely limits the practical application of the surfaces. In this paper, an Fe3O4-doped polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based SLIPS is proposed and implemented to achieve ultra-high repeated droplet manipulation numbers under near-infrared ray(NIR) laser irradiation. Firstly, a micron columnar array structure with micro-pits on the top side, as well as, a wall structure out of the array is designed on SLIPS to reserve the lubricant. Secondly, the prototype of the SLIPS is fabricated by a 3-step ultraviolet(UV) lithography, and subsequently immersed in silicone oil for more than 96 h to obtain the ultra-high durability slippery lubricant-infused porous surface(UD-SLIPS). With a power of 25 m W–85 m W NIR laser, the repeated manipulation of microdroplets(≤ 5 μL) in the scale of 1 cm can exceed more than 3000 times which is far beyond that in previous reports. Finally, the droplet manipulation performance of this photo-responsive UD-SLIPS and the influence of infusion time on durability are investigated. The mechanism of the PDMS swelling effect is found to be the key factor in improving the droplet manipulation durability of SLIPS. The findings of this work would be of great significance for the development of highly durable photo-responsive functional surfaces for droplet manipulation.展开更多
A concurrency control mechanism for collaborative work is akey element in a mixed reality environment. However, conventional lockingmechanisms restrict potential tasks or the support of non-owners, thusincreasing the ...A concurrency control mechanism for collaborative work is akey element in a mixed reality environment. However, conventional lockingmechanisms restrict potential tasks or the support of non-owners, thusincreasing the working time because of waiting to avoid conflicts. Herein, wepropose an adaptive concurrency control approach that can reduce conflictsand work time. We classify shared object manipulation in mixed reality intodetailed goals and tasks. Then, we model the relationships among goal,task, and ownership. As the collaborative work progresses, the proposedsystem adapts the different concurrency control mechanisms of shared objectmanipulation according to the modeling of goal–task–ownership. With theproposed concurrency control scheme, users can hold shared objects andmove and rotate together in a mixed reality environment similar to realindustrial sites. Additionally, this system provides MS Hololens and Myosensors to recognize inputs from a user and provides results in a mixed realityenvironment. The proposed method is applied to install an air conditioneras a case study. Experimental results and user studies show that, comparedwith the conventional approach, the proposed method reduced the number ofconflicts, waiting time, and total working time.展开更多
BACKGROUND Manipulation under anesthesia(MUA)of the shoulder joint is a commonly used method for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.Though it has been known to be associated with a variety of complications,there is ...BACKGROUND Manipulation under anesthesia(MUA)of the shoulder joint is a commonly used method for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.Though it has been known to be associated with a variety of complications,there is a paucity of studies describing the arthroscopic findings after MUA.AIM To describe the arthroscopic findings in patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder after MUA.METHODS We recruited 28 patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis who underwent arthroscopic capsular release.Manipulation of the shoulder was performed under anesthesia in all of these patients before capsular release.Intra-articular findings were recorded during arthroscopic capsular release in these patients.RESULTS All patients showed the presence of synovitis.Twenty-seven patients showed tears in the capsule on the anterior aspect.One patient had an avulsion of the anterior rim of the glenoid and labrum following the manipulation.Four patients had partial rotator cuff tears,and one patient showed a superior labrum anterior posterior lesion,which was not diagnosed preoperatively on magnetic resonance imaging.CONCLUSION MUA leads to rupture of the capsule,which is the desired outcome.However,the site of rupture of the capsule is dependent on the maneuvers of MUA.In addition,partial tears of the rotator cuff and osteochondral fractures of the glenoid can also occur.展开更多
As digital data circulation increases,information pollution and manipulation in journalism have become more prevalent.In this study,a new digital journalism model is designed to contribute to the solution of the main ...As digital data circulation increases,information pollution and manipulation in journalism have become more prevalent.In this study,a new digital journalism model is designed to contribute to the solution of the main current problems,such as information pollution,manipulation,and account-ability in digital journalism.The model uses blockchain technology due to its transparency,immutability,and traceability.However,it is tough to provide the mechanisms necessary for journalism,such as updating one piece of information,instantly updating all other information affected by the updated information,establishing logical relationships between news,making quick comparisons,sorting and indexing news,and keeping the changing informa-tion about the news in the system,with the blockchain data structure.For this reason,in our study,we have developed a new data structure that provides both the immutability,transparency and traceability properties of the blockchain and can support the communication mechanisms necessary for journalism.The functionality of our proposed data structure is demonstrated in terms of communication mechanisms such as mutability,context,consistency,and reliability through example scenarios.Additionally,our data structure is compared with the data structure of blockchain technology in terms of time,space,and maintenance costs.Accordingly,while the model size increases linearly in blockchain,the model’s size remains approximately constant since the structure we developed is data-independent.In this way,maintenance costs are reduced.Since our model also has an indexing mechanism,it reduces the linear time search complexity to logarithmic time.As a result,the data structure we developed is found to have higher performance than blockchain in the journalism concept.In future studies,it is planned to test all aspects of the model with a pilot application,eliminate its shortcomings,and develop a holistic approach to the root causes of the problems in the journalism focus.展开更多
[Objectives] To observe the effectiveness of four-step tendon manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis, under the guidance of "tendon first" theory. [Methods] 30 patients with stenotic t...[Objectives] To observe the effectiveness of four-step tendon manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis, under the guidance of "tendon first" theory. [Methods] 30 patients with stenotic tenosynovitis of thumb were treated with four-step tendon manipulation and traditional manipulation respectively, 3 times a week, a total of two weeks. The clinical efficacy, changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) and the recurrence rate after 15 d of follow-up treatment were observed before and after treatment. The differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). [Results] After treatment, the VAS and the recurrence rate after 15 d of treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate was 73.33% in the control group and 93.33% in the observation group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The effect of four-step tendon regulating manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis is ideal. The effect is significantly better than that of traditional Chinese medicine in improving thumb pain and function, which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
Satellites with altitudes below 400 km are called super low altitude satellites(SLAS),often used to achieve responsive imaging tasks.Therefore,it is important for the manipulation of its ground track.Aiming at the pro...Satellites with altitudes below 400 km are called super low altitude satellites(SLAS),often used to achieve responsive imaging tasks.Therefore,it is important for the manipulation of its ground track.Aiming at the problem of ground track manipulation of SLAS,a control method based on tangential impulse thrust is proposed.First,the equation of the longitude difference between SLAS and the target point on the target latitude is derived based on Gauss’s variational equations.On this basis,the influence of the tangential impulse thrust on the ground track’s longitude is derived.Finally,the method for ground track manipulation of SLAS under the tangential impulse thrust is proposed.The simulation results verify the effective-ness of the method,after manipulation,the satellite can visit the target point and revisit it for multiple days.展开更多
Magnetic skyrmions in multilayer structures are considered as a new direction for the next generation of storage due to their small size,strong anti-interference ability,high current-driven mobility,and compatibility ...Magnetic skyrmions in multilayer structures are considered as a new direction for the next generation of storage due to their small size,strong anti-interference ability,high current-driven mobility,and compatibility with existing spintronic technology.In this work,we present a tunable room temperature skyrmion platform based on multilayer stacks of MgO/FeNiB/Mo.We systematically studied the creation of magnetic skyrmions in MgO/FeNiB/Mo multilayer structures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA).In these structures,the magnetic anisotropy changes from PMA to in-plane magnetic anisotropy(IMA)as the thickness of FeNiB layer increases.By adjusting the applied magnetic field and electric current,stable and high-density skyrmions can be obtained in the material system.The discovery of this material broadens the exploration of new materials for skyrmion and promotes the development of spintronic devices based on skyrmions.展开更多
基金The research was funded by a USDA Multistate(2052R)grant from the CTAHR University of Hawaii at Manoa to B.M.
文摘Background High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction performance.Several dietary,managerial,and genetics strategies have been tested with some success in mitigating heat stress(HS)in broilers.Developing novel HS mitigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically needed.This study investigated the effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation(TM)and post-hatch baica-lein supplementation on growth performance and health parameters in heat-stressed broilers.Results Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 d.After candling on embryonic day(ED)10,238 eggs were thermally manipulated at 38.5℃ with 55%relative humidity(RH)from ED 12 to 18,then transferred to the hatcher(ED 19 to 21,standard temperature)and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled temperature(37.5℃)till hatch.After hatch,180-day-old chicks from both groups were raised in 36 pens(n=10 birds/pen,6 replicates per treatment).The treatments were:1)Control,2)TM,3)control heat stress(CHS),4)thermal manipulation heat stress(TMHS),5)control heat stress supplement(CHSS),and 6)thermal manipulation heat stress supplement(TMHSS).All birds were raised under the standard environment for 21 d,followed by chronic heat stress from d 22 to 35(32–33℃ for 8 h)in the CHS,TMHS,CHSS,and TMHSS groups.A thermoneutral(22–24℃)environment was maintained in the Control and TM groups.RH was constant(50%±5%)throughout the trial.All the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R and GraphPad software at P<0.05 and are presented as mean±SEM.Heat stress significantly decreased(P<0.05)the final body weight and ADG in CHS and TMHS groups compared to the other groups.Embryonic TM significantly increased(P<0.05)the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSP70,HSP90,and HSPH1)and antioxidant-related genes(GPX1 and TXN).TMHS birds showed a significant increment(P<0.05)in total cecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentration compared to the CHS birds.The cecal microbial analysis showed significant enrichment(P<0.05)in alpha and beta diversity and Coprococcus in the TMHSS group.Conclusions Pre-hatch TM and post-hatch baicalein supplementation in heat-stressed birds mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress on chickens’growth performance,upregulate favorable gene expression,increase VFA produc-tion,and promote gut health by increasing beneficial microbial communities.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFA1401001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62371355)。
文摘A 1-bit electronically controlled metasurface reflectarray is presented to achieve beam steering with multiple polarization manipulations. A metsurface unit cell loaded by two PIN diodes is designed. By switching the two PIN diodes between ON and OFF states, the isotropic and anisotropic reflections can be flexibly achieved. For either the isotropic reflection or the anisotropic reflection, the two operation states achieve the reflection coefficients with approximately equal magnitude and 180°out of phase, thus giving rise to the isotropic/anisotropic 1-bit metasurface unit cells. With the 1-bit unit cells, a 12-by-12 metasurface reflectarray is optimally designed and fabricated. Under either y-or x-polarized incident wave illumination, the reflectarray can achieve the co-polarized and cross-polarized beam scanning, respectively, with the peak gains of 20.08 d Bi and 17.26 d Bi within the scan range of about ±50°. With the right-handed circular polarization(RHCP) excitation, the left-handed circular polarization(LHCP) radiation with the peak gain of 16.98 d Bic can be achieved within the scan range of ±50°. Good agreement between the experimental results and the simulation results are observed for 2D beam steering and polarization manipulation capabilities.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan,No.2023ZL449.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast abscess during lactation is a severe complication of acute mastitis,which can lead to discomfort,high fever,breast fistula,sepsis,septic shock,breast damage,disease persistence and frequent hospitalization.Breast abscesses may also lead the mother to discontinue breastfeeding,thereby harming the infant’s health.The predominant pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus.The incidence of breastfeeding abscesses in breastfeeding women ranges between 4.0%and 11.0%.In cases of breast abscess,the rate of cessation of lactation is 41.0%.In instances of breast fistula,the rate of cessation of lactation is very high(66.7%).Furthermore,50.0%of women with breast abscesses must be hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics.Treatment includes antibiotics,abscess puncture and surgical incision and drainage.The patients suffer from stress,pain and easily induced breast scarring;the disease’s progression is prolonged and recurrent,interfering with infant feeding.Consequently,it is crucial to discover an adequate cure.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old woman with a breast abscess was treated with Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless breast opening manipulation 24 d after cesarean delivery.On the 2nd d of treatment,the patient’s breast mass was significantly reduced,the pain was significantly reduced,and the general asthenia was improved.All conscious symptoms disappeared after 3 d,breast abscesses faded after 12 d of treatment,inflammation images disappeared after 27 d,and normal lactation images were restored.CONCLUSION In treating breast abscesses during breastfeeding,the combination of Gualou Xiaoyong decoction and painless lactation provides a positive therapeutic impact.This disease’s treatment offers the advantages of a short course of treatment,no need to discontinue breastfeeding and the ability to rapidly mitigate symptoms,which can be used as a reference in clinical practice.
基金Foundation items:Shanghai Sailing Program,China (No. 21YF1401300)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan,China (No.19511101802)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (No.2232021D-25)。
文摘The demand for image retrieval with text manipulation exists in many fields, such as e-commerce and Internet search. Deep metric learning methods are used by most researchers to calculate the similarity between the query and the candidate image by fusing the global feature of the query image and the text feature. However, the text usually corresponds to the local feature of the query image rather than the global feature. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework of image retrieval with text manipulation by local feature modification(LFM-IR) which can focus on the related image regions and attributes and perform modification. A spatial attention module and a channel attention module are designed to realize the semantic mapping between image and text. We achieve excellent performance on three benchmark datasets, namely Color-Shape-Size(CSS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) States and Fashion200K(+8.3%, +0.7% and +4.6% in R@1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U19A2026 and 31972490)。
文摘Rice is an important dietary source of the toxic mineral cadmium(Cd) for populations in which rice is the main staple food.When grown in agricultural soils that are contaminated with Cd,rice often accumulates excessive Cd into the grains,which is a serious threat to agricultural sustainability and human health.To limit Cd accumulation in rice grains,studies on the genetic basis of Cd accumulation in rice have been carried out extensively,and some low-Cd rice varieties have also been developed in recent years.However,the challenges in low-Cd rice breeding still exist because the outcomes of the current genetic improvements for low-Cd rice cannot fully meet the requirements for the development of Cd-safe rice at present.In this review,we outline the progress in understanding the physiological mechanisms and the genetic nature of Cd accumulation in rice and summarize the strategies and outcomes of low-Cd rice breeding over the past decade.By graphing the physiological mechanism of Cd transport in the rice plant,three key steps and some underlying genes are summarized and discussed.Also,two genetic features of the natural variation in rice grain-Cd accumulation,the phenotypic plasticity and subspecies divergence,and the potential genetic explanations for these features are also discussed.Finally,we summarize and discuss current progress and the potential issues in low-Cd rice breeding using different breeding strategies.We hope to propose strategies for future success in the breeding of low-Cd rice varieties over the next decade.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0134600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52272152,61674063,and 62074061)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Grant No.JCYJ20210324142010030)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022CFA031)Interdisciplinary Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Grant No.5003110122)。
文摘The discovery and manipulation of topological Hall effect(THE),an abnormal magnetoelectric response mostly related to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI),are promising for next-generation spintronic devices based on topological spin textures such as magnetic skyrmions.However,most skyrmions and THE are stabilized in a narrow temperature window either below or over room temperature with high critical current manipulation.It is still elusive and challenging to achieve large THE with both wide temperature window till room temperature and low critical current manipulation.Here,using controllable,naturally oxidized sub-20 and sub-10 nm 2D van der Waals room-temperature ferromagnetic Fe_(3)GaTe_(2-x)crystals,we report robust 2D skyrmion THE with ultrawide temperature window ranging in three orders of magnitude from 2 to 300 K,in combination with giant THE of~5.4μΩ·cm at 10 K and~0.15μΩ·cm at 300 K,which is 1–3 orders of magnitude larger than that of all known room-temperature 2D skyrmion systems.Moreover,room-temperature current-controlled THE is also realized with a low critical current density of~6.2×10^(5)A·cm^(-2).First-principles calculations unveil natural oxidation-induced highly enhanced 2D interfacial DMI reasonable for robust giant THE.This work paves the way to room-temperature electrically controlled 2D THE-based practical spintronic devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174116 and 91850107)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0306200)+1 种基金Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(Grant No.2016ZT06C594)Science and Technology Project of Guangdong(Grant No.2020B010190001)。
文摘The ability to manipulate microlaser is highly desirable towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.Here we demonstrate feasible mode manipulation of Fabry-Perot type microlasers of a perovskite nanowire via incorporation of single gold nanoparticles.The influences of resonant wavelength,quality factor and emission directions are successively investigated using a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.It is found that blueshift of resonant wavelength could be achieved together with either promoted or degraded quality factor of the microlaser via single Au NPs with varied sizes.Unidirectional emission could also be realized which is favorable for on-chip integration.Our results provide useful reference for feasible manipulation of light-matter interactions and mode selection.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant Nos. ZR2022MF336 and ZR2022MD036)。
文摘The characteristics of traditional acoustic vortices(AVs) were verified by the cross-sectional axisymmetric pressure distributions with perfect phase spirals around the center pressure null. In order to generate a non-axisymmetric pressure distribution, the concept of power-exponent-phase was first introduced into the formation of AV beams, named “powerexponent-phase acoustic vortices(PAVs)” in this paper. Based on a ring-array of sector transducers, the helical distribution of the low-pressure valley in cross-sections of PAVs, which enables particles to move from a distant position to the center low-potential well along a certain spiral passageway, was proved theoretically. The particle manipulation behavior for PAVs with a power order of 2 is numerically modeled and experimentally confirmed. The results show that PAVs with a nonaxisymmetric spiral pressure distribution can be used to realize the directional transport of particles in an enlarged scope,suggesting prospective application potential in biomedical engineering.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61805200,51927804,and12104365)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2020JM-432)+1 种基金the Fund for Young Star in Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2021KJXX-27)the Fund from the Education Department of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.21JK0915)。
文摘We report on a method to achieve multiple microscopic particles being trapped and manipulated transversely by using a size-tunable Bessel beam generated by cross-phase modulation(XPM)based on the thermal nonlinear optical effect.The results demonstrate that multiple polystyrene particles can be stably trapped simultaneously,and the number of the trapped particles can be controlled by varying the trapping beam power.In addition,the trapped particles can be manipulated laterally with micron-level precision by changing the size of J_(0)Bessel beam.This work provides a simple but efficient way to trap and manipulate multiple particles simultaneously,which would have potential applications in many fields such as cell sorting and transportation.
基金supported financially by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2018YFA0208501 and 2018YFA0703200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Nos. 52103236, 91963212, 21875260)Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (No. BNLMSCXXM-202005)。
文摘Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implementation of multifunctional detectors is based on the physical combination of optical lenses, gratings, and multiple photodetectors, the large size and its complex structure hinder the miniaturization, lightweight, and integration of devices. In contrast, perovskite materials have achieved remarkable progress in the field of multifunctional photodetectors due to their diverse crystal structures, simple morphology manipulation, and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we first overview the crystal structures and morphology manipulation techniques of perovskite materials and then summarize the working mechanism and performance parameters of multifunctional photodetectors. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of multifunctional perovskite photodetectors and their advancements are highlighted, including polarized light detection, spectral detection, angle-sensing detection, and selfpowered detection. Finally, the existing problems of multifunctional detectors and the perspectives of their future development are presented.
基金This work was supported in part by the RHB-UKM Endowment Fund through Dana Endowmen RHB-UKM under Grant RHB-UKM-2021-001in part by the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia through the Dana Padanan Kolaborasi under Grant DPK-2021-012.
文摘A well-managed financial market of stocks,commodities,derivatives,and bonds is crucial to a country’s economic growth.It provides confidence to investors,which encourages the inflow of cash to ensure good market liquidity.However,there will always be a group of traders that aims to manipulate market pricing to negatively influence stock values in their favor.These illegal trading activities are surely prohibited according to the rules and regulations of every country’s stockmarket.It is the role of regulators to detect and prevent any manipulation cases in order to provide a trading platform that is fair and efficient.However,the complexity of manipulation cases has increased significantly,coupled with high trading volumes,which makes the manual observations of such cases by human operators no longer feasible.As a result,many intelligent systems have been developed by researchers all over the world to automatically detect various types of manipulation cases.Therefore,this review paper aims to comprehensively discuss the state-of-theart methods that have been developed to detect and recognize stock market manipulation cases.It also provides a concise definition of manipulation taxonomy,including manipulation types and categories,as well as some of the output of early experimental research.In summary,this paper provides a thorough review of the automated methods for detecting stock market manipulation cases.
基金partially based on results obtained from projects, Development of Ultra-High Efficiency Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell Devices, WP1 Development of Innovative High-Performance Electrodes, JPNP20003, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)supported by Grant-in-Aid for Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan (JP21F20736)。
文摘One of the main obstacles limiting the performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs) is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at reduced temperatures.Here,the surface manipulation of a triple-conducting cathode BaCe_(0.5)Pr_(0.3)Y_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BCPY) by an efficient catalyst coating PrNi_(0.5)Co_(0.5)O_(3-δ)(PNC) to enhance the ORR activity and CO_(2) tolerance is reported.The developed PNC-coated BCPY cathode achieves the polarization resistance of 0.25 and 1.00 Ω cm^(2) at 600 and 500 ℃,respectively,approximately 1/5 of that for the pristine BCPY cathode(0.99 and 4.79 Ω cm^(2)),while maintaining an excellent CO_(2) tolerance.The single cell on a BaZr_(0.8)Yb_(0.2)O_(3-δ) electrolyte also exhibits a high peak power density of 0.79 W cm^(-2)at 700 ℃ and a stable operation for 200 h at 600 ℃.Such high ORR activity is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of BCPY support and PNC nanoparticles.Namely,BCPY provides a tripleconducting path(mainly protons),and PNC nanoparticles facilitates surface oxygen exchange and steam adsorption/desorption processes due to the enriched surface oxygen vacancies.This study will provide a new design strategy for developing high-performance PCFCs cathode.
文摘Holograms provide a characteristic manner to display and convey information, and have been improved to provide better user interactions Holographic interactions are important as they improve user interactions with virtual objects. Gesture interaction is a recent research topic, as it allows users to use their bare hands to directly interact with the hologram. However, it remains unclear whether real hand gestures are well suited for hologram applications. Therefore, we discuss the development process and implementation of three-dimensional object manipulation using natural hand gestures in a hologram. We describe the design and development process for hologram applications and its integration with real hand gesture interactions as initial findings. Experimental results from Nasa TLX form are discussed. Based on the findings, we actualize the user interactions in the hologram.
基金Project supported by the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project of China (Grant No. 51927804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62275216)the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province (Grant Nos. S2018-ZC-TD-0061 and 2023-CX-TD-06)。
文摘Photo-responsive slippery lubricant-infused porous surface(SLIPS) for droplet manipulation is flexible, noncontact and non-destructive in droplet manipulation, which has promising applications in flexible robotics, microfluidics,biomedicine, and chemical analysis. However, the repeated manipulations for droplets of SLIPSs are quite limited in the works reported so far, the poor durability of droplet manipulation severely limits the practical application of the surfaces. In this paper, an Fe3O4-doped polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based SLIPS is proposed and implemented to achieve ultra-high repeated droplet manipulation numbers under near-infrared ray(NIR) laser irradiation. Firstly, a micron columnar array structure with micro-pits on the top side, as well as, a wall structure out of the array is designed on SLIPS to reserve the lubricant. Secondly, the prototype of the SLIPS is fabricated by a 3-step ultraviolet(UV) lithography, and subsequently immersed in silicone oil for more than 96 h to obtain the ultra-high durability slippery lubricant-infused porous surface(UD-SLIPS). With a power of 25 m W–85 m W NIR laser, the repeated manipulation of microdroplets(≤ 5 μL) in the scale of 1 cm can exceed more than 3000 times which is far beyond that in previous reports. Finally, the droplet manipulation performance of this photo-responsive UD-SLIPS and the influence of infusion time on durability are investigated. The mechanism of the PDMS swelling effect is found to be the key factor in improving the droplet manipulation durability of SLIPS. The findings of this work would be of great significance for the development of highly durable photo-responsive functional surfaces for droplet manipulation.
基金supported by“Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)”through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) (2021RIS-004).
文摘A concurrency control mechanism for collaborative work is akey element in a mixed reality environment. However, conventional lockingmechanisms restrict potential tasks or the support of non-owners, thusincreasing the working time because of waiting to avoid conflicts. Herein, wepropose an adaptive concurrency control approach that can reduce conflictsand work time. We classify shared object manipulation in mixed reality intodetailed goals and tasks. Then, we model the relationships among goal,task, and ownership. As the collaborative work progresses, the proposedsystem adapts the different concurrency control mechanisms of shared objectmanipulation according to the modeling of goal–task–ownership. With theproposed concurrency control scheme, users can hold shared objects andmove and rotate together in a mixed reality environment similar to realindustrial sites. Additionally, this system provides MS Hololens and Myosensors to recognize inputs from a user and provides results in a mixed realityenvironment. The proposed method is applied to install an air conditioneras a case study. Experimental results and user studies show that, comparedwith the conventional approach, the proposed method reduced the number ofconflicts, waiting time, and total working time.
基金The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee(IESC/T-300/02.08.2013).
文摘BACKGROUND Manipulation under anesthesia(MUA)of the shoulder joint is a commonly used method for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.Though it has been known to be associated with a variety of complications,there is a paucity of studies describing the arthroscopic findings after MUA.AIM To describe the arthroscopic findings in patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder after MUA.METHODS We recruited 28 patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis who underwent arthroscopic capsular release.Manipulation of the shoulder was performed under anesthesia in all of these patients before capsular release.Intra-articular findings were recorded during arthroscopic capsular release in these patients.RESULTS All patients showed the presence of synovitis.Twenty-seven patients showed tears in the capsule on the anterior aspect.One patient had an avulsion of the anterior rim of the glenoid and labrum following the manipulation.Four patients had partial rotator cuff tears,and one patient showed a superior labrum anterior posterior lesion,which was not diagnosed preoperatively on magnetic resonance imaging.CONCLUSION MUA leads to rupture of the capsule,which is the desired outcome.However,the site of rupture of the capsule is dependent on the maneuvers of MUA.In addition,partial tears of the rotator cuff and osteochondral fractures of the glenoid can also occur.
文摘As digital data circulation increases,information pollution and manipulation in journalism have become more prevalent.In this study,a new digital journalism model is designed to contribute to the solution of the main current problems,such as information pollution,manipulation,and account-ability in digital journalism.The model uses blockchain technology due to its transparency,immutability,and traceability.However,it is tough to provide the mechanisms necessary for journalism,such as updating one piece of information,instantly updating all other information affected by the updated information,establishing logical relationships between news,making quick comparisons,sorting and indexing news,and keeping the changing informa-tion about the news in the system,with the blockchain data structure.For this reason,in our study,we have developed a new data structure that provides both the immutability,transparency and traceability properties of the blockchain and can support the communication mechanisms necessary for journalism.The functionality of our proposed data structure is demonstrated in terms of communication mechanisms such as mutability,context,consistency,and reliability through example scenarios.Additionally,our data structure is compared with the data structure of blockchain technology in terms of time,space,and maintenance costs.Accordingly,while the model size increases linearly in blockchain,the model’s size remains approximately constant since the structure we developed is data-independent.In this way,maintenance costs are reduced.Since our model also has an indexing mechanism,it reduces the linear time search complexity to logarithmic time.As a result,the data structure we developed is found to have higher performance than blockchain in the journalism concept.In future studies,it is planned to test all aspects of the model with a pilot application,eliminate its shortcomings,and develop a holistic approach to the root causes of the problems in the journalism focus.
文摘[Objectives] To observe the effectiveness of four-step tendon manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis, under the guidance of "tendon first" theory. [Methods] 30 patients with stenotic tenosynovitis of thumb were treated with four-step tendon manipulation and traditional manipulation respectively, 3 times a week, a total of two weeks. The clinical efficacy, changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) and the recurrence rate after 15 d of follow-up treatment were observed before and after treatment. The differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). [Results] After treatment, the VAS and the recurrence rate after 15 d of treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate was 73.33% in the control group and 93.33% in the observation group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The effect of four-step tendon regulating manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis is ideal. The effect is significantly better than that of traditional Chinese medicine in improving thumb pain and function, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11972130)the Heilongjiang Touyan Team Program(11972130).
文摘Satellites with altitudes below 400 km are called super low altitude satellites(SLAS),often used to achieve responsive imaging tasks.Therefore,it is important for the manipulation of its ground track.Aiming at the problem of ground track manipulation of SLAS,a control method based on tangential impulse thrust is proposed.First,the equation of the longitude difference between SLAS and the target point on the target latitude is derived based on Gauss’s variational equations.On this basis,the influence of the tangential impulse thrust on the ground track’s longitude is derived.Finally,the method for ground track manipulation of SLAS under the tangential impulse thrust is proposed.The simulation results verify the effective-ness of the method,after manipulation,the satellite can visit the target point and revisit it for multiple days.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2015CB921403)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2016YFA0300804)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51871236,11874408,51431009,92263202,and 51971240)the Science Center of the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52088101)the Strategic Priority Research Program (B,Grant No.XDB33030200)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)。
文摘Magnetic skyrmions in multilayer structures are considered as a new direction for the next generation of storage due to their small size,strong anti-interference ability,high current-driven mobility,and compatibility with existing spintronic technology.In this work,we present a tunable room temperature skyrmion platform based on multilayer stacks of MgO/FeNiB/Mo.We systematically studied the creation of magnetic skyrmions in MgO/FeNiB/Mo multilayer structures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA).In these structures,the magnetic anisotropy changes from PMA to in-plane magnetic anisotropy(IMA)as the thickness of FeNiB layer increases.By adjusting the applied magnetic field and electric current,stable and high-density skyrmions can be obtained in the material system.The discovery of this material broadens the exploration of new materials for skyrmion and promotes the development of spintronic devices based on skyrmions.