Chemical Constituents from Ampelopsis grossedentata

Aim To study chemical constituents from Ampelopsis grossedentata. Methods Separation and purification were performed by using silica gel, polyamide, reverse-phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic techniques and silica gel PTLC. Structures were determined by means of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results Four flavonoids were separated and identified from Ampelopsis grossedentata including dihydromyricetin (1), myricetin (2), myricitrin (3), and myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy...

Systems pharmacology approach reveals the antiinflammatory effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis

AIM To investigate the protective effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata(AMP) on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice based on systems pharmacology approach.METHODS Systems pharmacology approach was used to predict the active ingredients, candidate targets and the efficacy of AMP on ulcerative colitis(UC) using a holistic process of active compound screening, target fishing, network construction and analysis. A DSSinduced colitis model in C57 BL/6 mice(n = 10/group) was constructed and treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid(100 mg/kg/d) and AMP(400 mg/kg/d) to confirm the underlying mechanisms and effects of AMP on UC with western blot analyses, polymerase chain reaction, histological staining and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The therapeutic effects of AMP against DSS-induced colitis were determined in the beginning, and the results showed that AMP significantly improved the disease in general observations and histopathology analysis. Subsequent systems pharmacology predicted 89 corresponding targets for the four candidate compounds of AMP, as well as 123 candidate targets of UC, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed for the interaction of putative targets of AMP against UC. Enrichment analyses on TNF-α and RANKL/RANK, a receptor activator of NF-κB signaling pathways, were then carried out. Experimental validation revealed that inflammation-related signaling pathways were activated in the DSS group, and AMP significantly suppressed DSS-induced high expression of IRAK1, TRAF6, IκB and NF-κB, and inhibited the elevated expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8.CONCLUSION AMP could exert protective effects on UC via suppressing the IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways.

Investigation of in vitro antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin and flavonoids rich extract from vine tea(Ampelopsis grossedentata)

Background:Vine tea from fermented Ampelopsis grossedentata leaves has been used as a herbal tea and folk medicine in the southern region of China for hundreds of years.The aim of this investigation was to analyze the total flavonoids found in vine tea,including three bioactive flavonoids,and the total phenolic contents in the aqueous methanol extracts of 10 vine tea samples.In addition,this study also aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin and vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract.Methods:The total flavonoids and total phenolic content assay of extracts from vine tea were performed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and epoch microplate spectrophotometer,respectively.Three bioactive flavonoids were quantified simultaneously using high performance liquid chromatography.The antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin and vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract was evaluated in vitro using six different methods.Results:Vine tea contained a large number of flavonoids,with dihydromyricetin as its main constituent.The flavonoid-rich extract exhibited a significant scavenging effect on superoxide anion radicals,and on 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals.It also possessed definite activity in lipid peroxidation inhibition,ferric reduction,and the moderation of Fe2+ion chelation ability.There was a significant negative correlation between dihydromyricetin content and antioxidant activity in the vine tea samples,including superoxide anion radical scavenging activity(P=−0.754,P<0.05),lipid peroxidation inhibition activity(P=−0.759,P<0.05),ferric-reducing antioxidant power(P=−0.843,P<0.01),respectively.Dihydromyricetin played a dominant role in the antioxidant activities of the flavonoid-rich extract.Conclusion:Vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract could be used as a new antioxidant source to safeguard against oxidative stress.

Establishment of in vitro Rapid Propagation System for Ampelopsis grossedentata

[Objective] The research aimed to establish the fast and efficient rapid propagation system for Ampelopsis grossedentata by using the tissue culture method. [Method] Ampelopsis grossedentata stem with the bud was the material,and the influences of different sterilization methods,media and hormone combinations on the in vitro rapid propagation of Ampelopsis grossedentata were studied. [Result] The explant sterilization effect of 75% ethanol dipping 20 s ＋ 0.1% HgCl2 treating 8 min ＋ Tween-80 1-2 drops was better. The optimal medium for the axillary bud induction was B5 ＋ 1.00 mg/L BA ＋ 0.05 mg/L NAA. The optimal multiplication medium was MS/B5 ＋ 1.50 mg/L BA ＋ 0.05 mg/L NAA. 1/2MS ＋ 0.50 mg/L IBA was the best medium for the rooting. [Conclusion] The high frequency occurrence system of Ampelopsis grossedentata in vitro rapid propagation was established. It laid the technology basis for the callus regeneration system,genetic transformation and clonal mutation screening.

Study on Extraction and Separation of Dihydromyricetin from Vine Tea [Ampelopsis grossedentata(Hand-Mazz) W. T. wang]

Ampelopsis grossedentata(Hand-Mazz) W. T. wang is a typical edible plant with important physiological health functions. Dihydromyricetin is the main active ingredient of A. grossedentata, which has good pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and liver protecting effects. This paper summarized the research progress on the extraction materials, extraction methods and separation and purification processes of dihydromyricetin in A. grossedentata to understand the best experimental method of dihydromyricetin, aiming to provide an important theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of dihydromyricetin.

Study on the Effects of Reducing Blood Lipid by Flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata on Hyperlipidemia Rats

In order to study the effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata on endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis and the effects of reducing blood lipid in hyperlipidemia rats,extraction of flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata by using ethanol(TFAG),and the effects of TFAG on intracellular cholesterol synthesis were detected by amphotericin B-cell model;SD hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding high fat diet.A formulated medicine called Xuezhikang was used as a positive control,and TFAG of different doses were administered to the stomach for 30 d continuously to measure the indexes of heart,liver tissue homogenate and serum;part of the liver was taken for pathological observation.The results showed that TFAG could significantly inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol in cells.TFAG of different doses could significantly reduce the content of TC and TG in serum of hyperlipidemia rats,and increase the content of HDL;TC and TG in heart and liver were also decreased;besides,it could increase the content of SOD,CAT and GSH in the liver of hyperlipidemia rats,and reduce the content of MDA.The results of pathological section showed that TFAG could improve the damage degree of hepatocytes in hyperlipidemia rats,and the effect of high dose group was similar to that of Xuezhikang group.In general,TFAG has good antioxidant and reducing blood lipid effects,and can effectively inhibit liver steatosis.

Effects of Dihydromyricetin Extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata on Visceral Organ Indexes and Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities of Chickens

To provide a reference basis for reasonable development and utilization of Ampelopsis grossedentata resource and its application in production,we added 0.025%,0.05% and 0.1% dihydromyricetin（DMY）extracted from A.grossedentata into the basal diets of Yaoshan chickens,and studied the effects of DMY on visceral organ indexes and digestive enzyme activities of 40-day-old healthy Yaoshan chickens.Supplementation of DMY in basal diets influenced visceral organ weight,organ index,length and digestive enzyme activity of small intestine of chickens.Among them,0.05% DMY was the most appropriate volume for supplementation.Compared with control group（without DMY）,0.05% DMY reduced lung weight and index（P〉0.05）,significantly reduced liver weight（P〈0.05）,extremely reduced stomach weight and stomach index（P〈0.01）,increased activity of amylase in small intestine（P〉0.05）,significantly increased length of small intestine and activity of protease（P〈0.05）.Supplementation of 0.05% DMY reduced the visceral organ weight and organ index,enhanced digestion and absorption ability of gastrointestinal tract,thereby improving feed utilization rate and promoting the growth of chickens.

基于文献计量学的显齿蛇葡萄研究进展

为客观了解显齿蛇葡萄研究动态和研究热点,以中国知网(CNKI)信息资源总库中有关显齿蛇葡萄1995—2021年在中国期刊上公开发表的学术论文为样本数据,利用文献计量学方法和CiteSpace5.8.R3软件对发文量、载文期刊、研究机构、关键词、发文作者等进行统计分析和可视化展示。结果表明显齿蛇葡萄的发文量目前正处于快速上升阶段,高等院校是重要的研究机构,目前已拥有相当数量的资深科研人员,并得到各级政府部门的大力支持。当前有关显齿蛇葡萄的研究主要在其药用、食用和培育种植方面,分子生物学方面的研究将成为今后研究的重点。

莓茶叶黄酮的抗氧化活性及其稳定性

该研究采用超声辅助水提法提取莓茶叶中黄酮类化合物,通过DPPH、ABTS^(+)自由基清除实验探究莓茶叶水提液中黄酮的抗氧化活性,并利用紫外分光光度法探究不同光照、pH值、金属离子、氧化剂还原剂、水溶性高分子物质等因素对莓茶叶水提液中黄酮稳定性的影响。结果表明,莓茶叶中黄酮具备很好的抗氧化性能,对DPPH、ABTS^(+)自由基均能起到很好的清除效果,其IC50分别为3.09、1.43μg/mL。同时,莓茶叶中黄酮在长时间保存时存在自氧化现象且光照在一定程度上能够促进莓茶叶黄酮的氧化。碱性条件和还原剂会破坏莓茶叶黄酮分子结构从而影响其稳定性。莓茶叶黄酮与Cu^(2+)、Fe^(3+)等金属离子易形成不溶性络合物,影响其稳定性。水溶性高分子物质能对莓茶叶黄酮起到一定保护作用,避免其与氧气接触发生氧化。

藤茶多酚对小鼠衰老过程中骨质代谢及肠道菌群的影响

肠道菌群对于宿主健康起着至关重要的作用,与衰老过程中骨质代谢紊乱息息相关。作者旨在研究以长寿特性而闻名的巴马藤茶对小鼠衰老进程中骨质代谢的影响,以评估藤茶多酚改善衰老小鼠肠道菌群结构的潜力。结果表明,藤茶多酚可以上调小鼠肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽和总抗氧化力水平,下调丙二醛水平。同时,藤茶多酚能够通过改善小鼠衰老过程中的骨质代谢,上调Osterix基因的表达,降低Acp5的表达,从而促进骨形成、减少骨吸收。此外,藤茶多酚可以调节衰老小鼠的肠道菌群组成,促进粪便中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的产生。总之,藤茶多酚可以作为一种益生元,减少衰老过程中的骨质流失并调节肠道菌群,从而达到延缓衰老的目的。

显齿蛇葡萄资源及藤茶品质评价研究进展

藤茶是一种具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性的代用茶,由显齿蛇葡萄嫩茎叶制成,主要活性成分为黄酮、多酚、多糖类物质。藤茶产业已成为武陵山少数民族地区的特色农业产业。目前,由于原料植物显齿蛇葡萄种质资源、产地及生产加工过程存在差异,藤茶产业的质量控制标准缺乏,制约了藤茶产业健康有序发展。研究综述了有关藤茶品质的研究进展,包括藤茶的原料植物(显齿蛇葡萄)资源、活性化学成分分析及藤茶品质评价等内容,以期规范藤茶的生产加工,为完善质量标准提供参考。

藤茶的食用历史及安全性

藤茶是近几年我国南部省份兴起的一种特色茶饮植物。现代科学研究证明藤茶中含有丰富的黄酮类和多糖类活性成分,具有消炎抗菌、提高免疫力、保肝护肝、降血糖降血脂等功能,是预防、防治慢性代谢性疾患非常有前景的一种特色植物。该文就藤茶的食用历史与安全性进行了文献综述,同时就其产业化开发利用提供了系列思路,拟为其植物资源的合理利用及产品开发提供依据。

藤茶提取液对电离辐射损伤造血系统的防护作用研究

采用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH)和总抗氧化能力检测(ABTS)两种方法体外检测藤茶提取液的抗氧化能力;然后进行生存率实验,将40只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为照射组、照射+藤茶提取液低、中、高剂量组(0.8 g/kg、1.6 g/kg、2.4 g/kg),所有小鼠均进行致死剂量7.2 Gy照射,检测藤茶提取液对照射后小鼠的生存影响;随后在电离辐射损伤造血系统实验中将50只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组、照射组、照射+藤茶提取液低、中、高剂量组,经4 Gy全身照射后,观察藤茶提取液对电离辐射后小鼠脏器指数、造血指标等的影响,并测定肝脏中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的变化。实验结果表明,藤茶提取液对DPPH自由基清除率为74.35%,对ABTS自由基清除率为93.14%,能够提高7.2 Gy照射下小鼠的生存率(照射组生存率为30%,低剂量组生存率为100%,中剂量组生存率为90%,高剂量组生存率为90%),并改善4 Gy全身照射所导致造血系统损伤小鼠的脏器指数和造血指标,还能升高照射小鼠肝脏中T-SOD活力以及GSH的含量。藤茶提取液具有较强的抗氧化能力,能提高电离辐射后小鼠的生存率,并改善其引起的造血系统损伤,有望成为电离辐射导致造血系统损伤的中药防护剂。

藤茶提取物对卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒裂解复制及相关淋巴肿瘤细胞生长活性的影响

目的:观察藤茶水提取物(AGE)对卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)裂解复制的影响,检测AGE抗KSHV相关淋巴瘤的安全性和细胞特异性,探索其可能的细胞通路机制。方法:采用组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(TPA)诱导人卡波式肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染细胞系(BCBL-1)中的KSHV裂解复制,用AGE制备的低、中、高浓度溶液处理48~72 h,随后收集细胞样品,逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测KSHV潜伏基因LANA、即时早期基因RTA和ORF45以及晚期基因K8.1的转录水平;实时荧光定量PCR检测KSHV子代病毒含量;蛋白质免疫印迹法(WB)检测KSHV潜伏蛋白LANA、裂解蛋白RTA、ORF45和K8.1的表达及KSHV裂解复制中相关信号通路蛋白激酶B(Akt)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38抗体(p38 MAPK)和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)的活化水平;噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)检测AGE对BCBL-1和正常外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的细胞毒性。结果:与对照组比较,低浓度AGE对潜伏基因LANA、即时早期基因RTA和ORF45的转录无明显抑制作用,对晚期基因K8.1的转录具有轻微的抑制作用(P<0.05);中浓度AGE对LANA、RTA和ORF45的转录具有轻微的抑制作用,并显著抑制K8.1的转录(P<0.05,P<0.01);高浓度AGE对LANA、RTA的转录无明显抑制作用,但显著抑制即时早期基因ORF45和晚期基因K8.1的转录(P<0.01)。20μg/mL浓度AGE能抑制73%子代KSHV颗粒的产生。与对照组比较,低、中、高浓度AGE对潜伏蛋白LANA的表达抑制均不明显,但对裂解蛋白RTA、ORF45和K8.1的表达均有不同程度的抑制作用(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),且呈剂量依赖性抑制。低、中、高浓度的AGE对Akt的磷酸化均没有明显的抑制作用,但对mTOR(2448)、ERK1/2和p38 MAPK(180/182)的磷酸化均有明显抑制作用(P<0.01,P<0.001)。100μg/mL的AGE显著抑制BCBL-1细胞的生长,最大细胞抑制率为67.7%,AGE对PBMC最大细胞抑制率为37.0%。BCBL-1细胞在潜伏期和裂解期的半数毒性浓度(CC50)分别为(25.7±0.5)μg/mL和(31.8±8.6)μg/mL,AGE对KSHV子代产生的半数抑制浓度(IC50)抑制作用小于10μg/mL,PBMC的CC50为49.54μg/mL。结论:高效低毒的天然植物药藤茶是潜在的治疗KSHV感染和相关淋巴瘤的有效药物来源,其抗KSHV作用可能与抑制ERK/MAPK/mTOR通路活化有关。

显齿蛇葡萄叶提取物体外抗氧化效果研究

为研究显齿蛇葡萄叶提取物的体外抗氧化效果,以维C和茶多酚为对照,分别测定了3种抗氧化物对ABTS自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基、羟基等的清除率。结果表明,3种抗氧化物的清除率均随其质量浓度的增加而增大,抗氧化效果随其质量浓度的增加而增强。当质量浓度为150μg/mL时,3种抗氧化物对ABTS自由基清除率均为99%,三者抗氧化效果相同;显齿蛇葡萄叶提取物抗超氧阴离子氧化效果远超维C和茶多酚,最高清除率为86.31%;不同质量浓度的显齿蛇葡萄叶提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率均高于90%;低质量浓度时,显齿蛇葡萄叶提取物的抗羟基自由基氧化效果最好,当质量浓度超过250μg/mL时,其与茶多酚具有相同的抗氧化效果。研究结果可为显齿蛇葡萄叶提取物在食品抗氧化剂研究与开发方面提供参考。

显齿蛇葡萄醇提物含药血清对脂多糖诱导巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症模型的抗炎作用

目的:采用血清药物化学的研究方法,分析显齿蛇葡萄醇提物(AGEE)大鼠口服后的入血成分,基于入血成分研究AGEE含药血清对脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症的抗炎作用。方法:12只SD大鼠随机分为AGEE组和空白组,分别给予AGEE(5.4 g/kg)和纯净水灌胃,以制备含药血清和空白血清,采用HPLC-DAD分析其含药血清色谱图,通过与空白血清色谱图对比分析,探讨AGEE的体内移行成分。以RAW264.7细胞为研究对象,将细胞分为5%或15%空白血清组,5%或15%空白血清+LPS组,以及5%或15%含药血清+LPS组,按相应条件培养24 h后,采用细胞增殖-毒性检测试剂盒(CCK-8)法检测每组细胞存活率;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组细胞中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平。结果:AGEE含药血清与空白血清比较,发现16个色谱峰,其中9种为原型成分入血,7种可能是AGEE在大鼠体内产生的代谢物。CCK-8检测结果表明,各组细胞按上述条件培养24 h后均未发现毒性。5%或15%空白血清+LPS组细胞中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平高于5%或15%空白血清组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。15%含药血清+LPS组细胞中TNF-α水平低于5%空白血清+LPS组(P<0.05);5%或15%含药血清+LPS组细胞IL-6水平低于5%或15%空白血清+LPS组(P<0.01);5%或15%含药血清+LPS组细胞IL-10水平高于5%或15%空白血清+LPS组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:建立了AGEE含药血清HPLC-DAD分析方法,明确了其活性物质基础。AGEE含药血清可降低LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症反应。

肝纯片对实验性肥胖高脂血症大鼠生理生化指标的影响

目的:以实验性肥胖高脂血症大鼠为模型,探索肝纯片对实验性肥胖高血脂大鼠血脂四项和肝功能相关指标的影响。方法:通过对实验大鼠进行喂食高脂饲料8周后,建立肥胖高脂血症大鼠模型。再喂食含不同浓度的肝纯片,持续喂肝纯片8周后解剖实验大鼠并测定甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TCH)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)以及肝功能指标、炎症因子、肝脏指数、Lee’s指数,对肝脏进行病理切片,表征肝纯片对肥胖高脂血症大鼠的影响情况和程度及肝脏的保护情况。结果:肝纯片各剂量组降低了血脂水平,以高剂量差异显著,但减肥效果尚未见显著差异。结论:结合相关指标及病理切片,比较肝纯片各剂量组、空白组与模型组,肝纯片能降低高脂血症大鼠血液中血脂水平,提示进食肝纯片有助于降低高脂血症的血脂指标,并改善由高脂血症导致的肝功能紊乱,值得进一开发利用。

不同产地藤茶二氢杨梅素含量检测与分析

二氢杨梅素(Dihydromyricetin,DMY)是藤茶的关键活性成分,具有多种生理功效。为了分析不同产地藤茶中DMY的含量,本研究以a、b、c及d省4个区域所产藤茶为原料,提取DMY后采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其含量。结果表明,4个区域藤茶的DMY干重含量为21.2~36.2g/100g;在同等级藤茶中,a区域产藤茶DMY含量最高(30.9~36.2g/100g);相同产地不同等级藤茶之间,特级藤茶DMY含量高于一级、二级藤茶;相同产地同等级藤茶之间,不同采摘时间的藤茶DMY含量没有显著差异。即产地及等级对藤茶DMY含量影响较明显,而采摘时间的影响较小。在实际种植及生产时可根据需求选择相应的产地或品种,为提高藤茶的经济价值提供参考。

藤茶复合饮料贮藏稳定性影响因素分析及控制

为提高藤茶复合饮料在贮藏期间色泽、组织状态的稳定性及黄酮保留率,考察贮藏条件(温度、时间、山梨酸钾添加量)、微波杀菌时间、护色剂及稳定剂对藤茶复合饮料色差、浊度、沉淀率及黄酮保留率的影响。结果表明,藤茶复合饮料的色差、浊度及沉淀率在28℃下贮藏约42 d可达到恒定;微波杀菌(3~4 min)、山梨酸钾添加量(0.05 mg/mL)及在30~36℃贮藏有利于提高藤茶复合饮料的稳定性。此外,贮藏温度为28℃时,维生素C与Na_(2)SO_(3)以质量比1∶1复配(添加总量0.3~0.4 mg/mL)可有效抑制饮料褐变;黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠与CaCl_(2)以质量比1∶1∶1复配(添加总量0.3~0.4 mg/mL)可明显降低复合饮料的浊度、沉淀率,也能显著提高黄酮保留率。因此,添加适量复配护色剂及稳定剂并结合山梨酸钾可有效增强藤茶复合饮料的贮藏稳定性。

张家界莓茶产业发展现状与路径

张家界莓茶是地方特色产业,受益于多要素支撑,产业发展迅速并已初具规模。为充分了解莓茶产业发展情况,分享先进经验,文章以“张家界莓茶之乡”永定区实地调研为基础,通过经验总结法对当地莓茶产业的生态资源基础、发展历史、优势做法与路径进行了分析,指出了当前产业发展存在的突出问题,并提出了推动产业发展的相关建议,以期为我国特色产业高质量发展提供路径参考和思路借鉴。