Transmittance investigation on capacitive mesh on thick dielectric substrates as output windows for optically pumped terahertz lasers

This paper reports that an output window for optically pumped terahertz （THz） laser has been fabricated by depositing a capacitive nickel-mesh on a thick high-resistivity silicon substrate （approximating to 5 mm thick）. Unlike the conventional process of depositing a gold film approximating to 100 nm on negative photoresist using electron-beam evaporation, a nickel film approximating to 1.5 μm thick is directly deposited on the clean surface of dielectric substrate using magnetron sputtering and then a positive photoresist is spun onto the nickel metal surface at 6000 r for 60 s. A transmittance spectrum of the output window in a certain frequency range （say, from zero to 1 THz） has been obtained by using THz time domain spectroscopy. Moreover a transmittance spectrum simulated numerically has also been estimated with respect to the output window using the transmission-line model （TLM） containing attenuation component from dielectric substrate. The simulation results show that the TLM can explain well the experimental curve in a certain frequency range from zero to 1 THz. Thus it is demonstrated that the improved optical component can be efficiently used as both output coupler and output window for optically pumped THz lasers.

Design and performance of a composite Tm:YAG laser pumped by VBG-stabilized narrow-band laser diode

A 2-μm composite Tm：YAG laser pumped with a narrow-band laser diode was presented. The temperature distribution and thermal lens in the Tm：YAG were numerically simulated by a finite element method and the results were used to design the special cavity, in order to achieve a high efficiency and stable output. With a 25-W incident pump power, we obtained a maximum output power of 11 W at 2018.5 nm, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 51.3% and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 44.5%, respectively. The beam quality was measured to be M_x^2= 1.8 and M_y^2= 1.6.

Simultaneous all-solid-state multi-wavelength lasers——a promising pump source for generating highly coherent terahertz waves

A diode-end-pumped Nd：YAG dual-wavelength laser operating at 1319 and 1338 nm is demonstrated. The maximum average output power of the quasi-continuous wave linearly polarized dual-wavelength laser is obtained to be 2.1 W at a repetition rate of 50 kHz with an output power instability of less than 0.38% and beam quality factor M^2 of 1.45. Using the two lines, the highly coherent and narrow linewidth terahertz radiation of 3.23 THz can be generated in an organic 4-N, N-dimethylamino-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate （DAST） crystal. Meanwhile, the multi-wavelength red laser at 659.5, 664 and 669 nm is generated by frequency doubling and sum frequency processes in a lithium triborate （LBO） crystal. The average red laser output power is enhanced up to 1.625 W at a repetition rate of 15 kHz with an output power instability of better than 0.53% and beam quality factor M^2 of 6.05. Using the three lines, it is possible to generate the multi-wavelength THz radiation of 3.3, 3.43 and 6.73 THz in an appropriate difference frequency crystal.

Diode-End-Pumped Tm:Ho:GdVO_(4) Microchip Laser at Room Temperature

Room-temperature Tm:Ho:GdVO4 microchip laser operated around 2μm is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge.At a heat sink temperature of 283K,maximum output power of 29.7m W is obtained by using a 0.25-mm-long crystal at an absorbed pump power of 912mW,corresponding to a slope efficiency of 5.0%.At the temperature to 283K,a single-longitudinal-mode laser as much as 8mW at 2048.5 nm is achieved.The M^(2)factor is measured to be 1.4.

Physics of Power Semiconductor Streamer Laser

It is considered the mechanism of streamer discharge in the wide-gap semiconductors as a highly effective method of the laser excitation on the basis of representation about the phenomenon of light self-trapping of the discharge, providing their high propagation velocity down to v- 5 ×10^9 sm/s, the crystallographic orientation, filamentary character at thickness of the channel about 1 μm and absence of destructions of a crystal.

Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on ZnGeP_2 pumped by 2-μm laser

We present a 3 5 μ m optical parametric oscillator （OPO） based on ZGP pumped by KTP OPO 2.1-μ m laser. The tuning curves of ZGP OPO are calculated. The 8 ×6 ×18 （mm） ZGP crystal, whose end faces are antireflection coated at 2.1 and 3.7 4.6 μ m, is cut as θ =53.5°, φ =0°. When the pump power of 2.1-μ m polarized laser is 15 W at 8 kHz, 5.7-W output power and 46.6% slope efficiency are obtained with a ZGP type I phase match. Central wavelengths of the signal and idler lasers are 4.10 and 4.32 μ m, respectively. Pulse duration is about 27 ns. Beam quality factor M 2 is better than 1.8. The tunability of 3 5 μ m can be achieved by changing the angle of the ZGP crystal.

超大幅面全固态Nd:YAG激光标刻机的研制

研制了一台超大幅面全固态激光标刻机,该系统主要由光纤耦合输出的全固态激光器、两轴联动工作台和控制系统等组成,详细介绍了两轴联动工作台的设计及其控制系统。通过高精度机械传动部件实现激光束与工件的相对运动,由传能光纤输出的高能量激光对工件进行标刻,不仅可以实现大范围、高精度标刻,而且输出激光稳定、能量转换效率较高,能够实现高质量的标刻。

1.3414μm Nd∶YAlO_3激光泵浦的室温中红外Co∶MgF_2激光器

报道了１３４１４μｍＮｄ∶ＹＡｌＯ３激光端面泵浦的室温２１０００μｍＣｏ∶ＭｇＦ２脉冲激光的实验结果，得到了２７９４ｍＪ能量输出，器件斜率效率达２３％，阈值能量为１２５ｍＪ。

LD泵浦的1.3at.%Er^(3+):CaF_(2)中红外高功率固体激光器(特邀)

3μm波段激光是高精度外科手术的理想光源,也可作为长波中红外光参量振荡器的有效泵浦源。LD直接泵浦Er^(3+)掺杂晶体是获得2.7~3μm波段中红外激光的有效技术途径,具有成本低、结构紧凑简单等优点。由于Er^(3+)2.8μm激光下能级阻塞问题,一般需要高浓度掺杂,但高浓度掺杂易引起强烈的光吸收,增强了激光晶体的热效应,从而阻碍了激光功率的提升。低声子能量的氟化钙晶体特有的萤石型结构使得三价稀土离子极易形成"团簇",将低浓度Er^(3+)掺杂到氟化钙晶体中即可获得高效率的中红外激光增益介质。笔者课题组使用温度梯度法成功生长了低浓度掺杂1.3at.%Er^(3+):CaF_(2)激光晶体,利用LD直接泵浦获得了2.2 W的中红外激光输出,这是目前利用LD端面泵浦同类晶体中的最高中红外激光输出功率。同时,文中还对上转换泵浦方式下该晶体的2.8μm激光特性进行了研究。实验结果表明,低浓度掺杂的1.3at.%Er^(3+):CaF_(2)晶体是一类具有产业化前景的中红外激光材料,有望推动长波中红外激光器向着结构紧凑、成本低的方向发展。

NH_(3)laser THz emission under optical pumping by“long”(~100μs)CO_(2)laser pulses

Terahertz(THz)NH_(3) lasing with optical pumping by electron-beam-sustained discharge“long”(~100μs)CO_(2) laser pulses was obtained.The NH3laser emission pulses and the“long”pulses of the CO_(2) pump laser were simultaneously measured with nanosecond response time.The NH3 lasing duration and its delay with respect to the pump pulse were measured for various CO_(2) laser pulse energies.For the CO_(2) laser pump line 9R(30),three wavelengths of 67.2,83.8,and 88.9μm were recorded.For the CO_(2) laser pump line 9R(16),only a single NH3 laser line with a wavelength of 90.4μm was detected.

Frequency spectrum characterization of terahertz emission from laser-induced air plasma

Terahertz （THz） emission from laser-induced air-plasma is presented. The frequency spectra of THz wave are investigated using an air-biased-coherent-detection method. The frequency spectra are measured under different pump-pulse and probe-pulse energies. The frequency pump power and we speculate it caused by collision behavior spectra become narrow with the increasing Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the frequency spectra is broadened by the increasing probe power, which can be explained by pulse compression. Based on this finding, the optimal frequency spectrum of THz can be achieved by regulating the probe and pump beam.

LD pumped 2-μm CW laser from Tm,Ho:GdVO_4

A set of fiber-coupled continuous wave (CW) diode lasers has been used to pump Tm, Ho:GdVO_4 and generate 2.048-μm laser radiation at liquid nitrogen temperature. The optical-optical efficiencies of 25%, output power of 3.5 W, and pumping threshold of 838 mW have been obtained and compared with those from Tm, Ho:YLF under identical experimental conditions.

LD端面泵浦Tm:SrF_(2)电光调Q激光器

高掺杂浓度的Tm^(3+)增益介质能通过交叉弛豫过程提高激光器的量子效率,但同时也会增加能量上转换带来的损耗,从而限制激光器效率的进一步提升。对Tm:SrF_(2)晶体的荧光特性以及激光性能展开研究。在激光二极管(LD)端面泵浦下,实现最大功率2.99 W的自由运转输出,激光器的泵浦阈值为0.89 W,中心波长1851 nm,斜效率高达82.1%。采用KTP电光调Q开关演示了Tm:SrF_(2)激光器的电光调Q输出特性。在500 Hz重复频率下,获得了1.02 mJ的最大单脉冲能量,泵浦阈值为2.01 W,最短脉冲宽度为45 ns,对应峰值功率为22.67 kW。实验结果表明,基于LD泵浦的Tm:SrF_(2)激光器具有非常高的效率,有望成为中红外光学参量振荡器(OPO)和光学参量放大器(OPA)的理想泵浦源。

LD脉冲泵浦Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+):Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)晶体百kHz激光器

目前1.5μm激光二极管(Laser Diode,LD)泵浦的铒镱共掺玻璃/晶体被动调Q微型激光器广泛应用于激光测距、激光雷达等领域。随着激光器输出重频的增加,玻璃面临突出的热效应问题,晶体的热导率是玻璃的10倍以上,有望能够实现比玻璃基质更高重频的激光输出。报道了一种通过LD脉冲端面泵浦Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+):Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)晶体的百kHz人眼安全激光器。通过实验优化增益介质掺杂浓度和长度、泵浦光斑尺寸和调Q晶体初始透过率等实验参数,同时适当缩短脉宽,优化泵浦占空比,提高了输出重频的稳定性。最终获得了重频为100 kHz、单脉冲能量0.7μJ、脉冲宽度240 ns、光束质量M^(2)=1.61的1537 nm脉冲激光输出。实现了输出脉冲频率与泵浦的一致,保证了输出重频的稳定性,有效解决了输出重频具有随机性、不稳定、不可控等问题。

二极管泵浦腔内OPO高重复频率2μm激光器

概述了2μm激光器的发展状况及应用背景, 通过对2μm激光两种实现方式的比较,最终采用了可调谐方式间接获得2μm激光的方案。以1.06μm激光为泵浦源,采用二极管泵浦腔内OPO的方案能有效提高泵浦峰值功率密度,有利于实现高重复频率2μm激光输出。利用KTP晶体在特定切割角度下实现波长简并输出,合理设计OPO腔,可以有效提高2μm激光的输出效率。同时进行了激光输出实验,实现了功率11.2 W的2 m波长激光输出。

LD端面泵浦Nd:LiGd(MoO_4)_2晶体的主动调Q脉冲激光特性

加工了不同切向的Nd∶LiGd(MoO4)2晶体,测量并分析了它们的连续和主动调制激光特性。实验采用激光二极管(LD)端面泵浦的两镜直腔,其输出镜的耦合透过率为2%。在连续运转条件下,a切和c切晶体的最大输出功率分别为733,550mW,对应的光光转换效率分别为11.3%和6.7%。在声光调Q脉冲运转条件下,a切和c切晶体的最大平均输出功率分别为180,135mW,对应的光光转换效率分别为2.8%和1.7%。当重复频率为10kHz时,获得了最佳的脉冲实验结果,即:最大单脉冲能量和最高峰值功率来自a切晶体,分别为15.8J和85 W;最小的脉冲宽度来自c切晶体,为153ns。实验结果还显示,不同切向的Nd∶LiGd(MoO4)2晶体具有不同的输出波长,a切晶体为1 061nm,c切晶体为1 068nm,这种多波长发射特性有助于该类晶体在THz波领域的应用。

实时连续波太赫兹成像在邮件检测中的应用

采用光泵太赫兹激光器和124×124热释电列阵相机,对邮件包装材料中的样品进行太赫兹实时成像研究,获得普通包装材料在太赫兹波段的透射特性,以及样品在各种材料中1.63THz实时图像,该研究为THz成像技术在邮件检测方面的应用奠定了基础.

聚乙烯材料的THz吸收特性实验

THz辐射能够穿透很多对可见光不透明的非金属、非极性材料,而用X辐射对这些材料成像的对比度又相对低,因此,THz成像在军事和安全领域日益受到重视。对成像材料的THz特性的实际测量是THz成像技术的重要组成部分。文中利用CO2泵浦THz激光对聚乙烯材料的THz吸收特性进行了实验研究。根据实验数据拟合得出所用聚乙烯材料在70.51、96.5、118.83、122.4、158.51、184.31、214.58μm波长的吸收系数。

室温脉冲Fe^(2+):ZnSe中红外激光特性研究

处于3~5μm波段的激光源在遥感、环境保护、医疗、通信和红外对抗等民用和军用领域都有广阔的应用前景。Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体由于在材料特性和光学特性等方面都具有明显优势,是3~5μm波段极具潜力的激光介质之一。在室温条件下利用自制非链式脉冲HF激光器作为泵浦光源,对晶体直径为10 mm,厚度1 mm,Fe^(2+)离子掺杂浓度为3×1019/cm3的Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体进行了研究,获得了中心波长4 295 nm、最大输出能量78.8 mJ的中红外激光输出。输出激光能量相对于晶体吸收泵浦能量的转换效率为27.7%,斜率效率达28.8%。采用小角度(3°)斜入射的方案很好地解决了Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器谐振腔镜镀膜问题。

连续激光泵浦重水气体分子产生THz激光辐射的阈值分析

利用连续运转二氧化碳激光器的9R(22)输出谱线泵浦重水气体(D_2O)分子可以产生波长为385μm,频率为0.78 THz的连续激光辐射输出,采用半经典理论分析方法并结合三能级系统模型可以对此激光过程进行有效的分析,通过合理近似简化了求解过程,得到了光场中太赫兹激光信号增益系数G_s和泵浦光信号吸收系数G_p的解析表达式,通过对求解结果的分析,计算出产生THz激光振荡的泵浦阈值条件为6.24×10^(-3) W/mm^2。一般情况下,在泵浦激光输出光斑面积为0.25 mm^2时,要求泵浦激光谱线的输出功率达到1.6 mW以上才能形成THz激光辐射。