African trypanosomosis had caused lots of havocs to both humans and animals over a century with successes and failure in curtailing it. This study was aimed at screening medicinal plant, Terminalia chebula dried fruit...African trypanosomosis had caused lots of havocs to both humans and animals over a century with successes and failure in curtailing it. This study was aimed at screening medicinal plant, Terminalia chebula dried fruits against Trypanosoma evansi for trypanocidal activity. Twenty grams of powdered Terminalia chebula dried fruits was cold extracted with methanol. Obtained MPE （methanolic plant extract） was in vitro tested against Trypanosoma brucei （1 × 10^6 trypanosomes/mL of the medium in each ELISA plate wells） at concentrations （250～1,000 μg/mL） on Vero cells grown in DMEM （Debecco＇s Modified Eagle Medium） in appropriate conditions for trypanocidal activity. In-vitro cytotoxicity test of MPE of Terminalia chebula was conducted on Vero cells grown in DMEM. In-vivo assay for trypanocidal activity, each mouse was inoculated with 1 × 10^4/mL of trypanosomes and treated （48 h post inoculation） with MPE of Terminalia chebula at concentrations （12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight） were administered at dose rate of 100 BL per mouse via intraperitoneal route to different groups of mice, 6 mice per concentration. In-vitro cytotoxicity test was done on Veto cells at concentrations （1.58～100 μg/mL） of MPE of Terminalia chebula. Results of in-vitro trypanocidal activity varied from immobilization, reduction and to the killing of the trypanosomes. At 250 μg/mL ofMPE ofTerminalia chebula dried fruits, there was significant trypanocidal activity at 4 h of incubation and trypanosomes were not detected in corresponding ELISA plate wells at 5 h of incubation, which was statistically equivalent to reference drug, diminazine aceturate （50 μL/mL） at 4 h of incubation. Results of in-vivo trypanocidal activity revealed that at concentrations （l 2.5～25 mg/kg body weight） of MPE of Terrninalia chebula, mice in these groups survived for 6 days. While at 50 and 100 to 200 mg/kg body weight, mice in these groups survived up to 7 and 8 days, respectively. In-vitro cytotoxicity test showed that all concentrations of MPE of Terminalia chenula and diminazine aceturate were cytotoxic to cells except at 1.56 μL/mL and 6.25 μL/mL. In conclusion, MPE of Terminalia chebula dried fruits possessed trypanocidal compounds. Further study （bioassay-guided purification） is required to know the full potential of Terrninalia chebula as future trypanocide candidate.展开更多
Background:Based on modern pharmacological studies,Terminalia chebula Retz.exhibits antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria.Previously,we found Terminalia chebula Retz.exhibited excellent antibacterial ac...Background:Based on modern pharmacological studies,Terminalia chebula Retz.exhibits antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria.Previously,we found Terminalia chebula Retz.exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Malassezia restricta.Methods:We determined the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration of Terminalia chebula Retz.extraction with water(TRW)against Staphylococcus epidermidis(including Staphylococcus epidermidis 1-15)using the microdilution method.Staphylococcus epidermidis 1(SE11),which was the most sensitive to TRW,was selected as the test bacterium for subsequent experiments.The time-kill curve of TRW on SE11 was generated using the viable count method.Further,an in vitro biofilm model of SE11 was constructed using the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide test,semi-quantitative crystal violet experiment,and scanning electron microscopy.The effects of TRW on the total amount of biofilm formation,the number of viable biofilm bacteria,and biofilm microstructure of SE11 were also determined using a semi-quantitative crystal violet experiment,viable count method,and scanning electron microscopy.Finally,the electrical conductivity and soluble protein content of the SE11 suspensions were determined.Results:The average MIC of TRW against SE11 was 0.75±1.09 mg/mL.TRW(1/2MIC and 2MIC)and zinc pyrithione(1/2MIC and 2MIC)had no significant effect on total biofilm inhibition in the adhesion stage(P>0.05)and the aggregation stage(P>0.05).Further,TRW(1/2MIC and MIC)and zinc pyrithione(1/2MIC and MIC)had no significant effect on viable biofilm bacteria in the adhesion stage(P>0.05)and aggregation stage(P>0.05).TRW destroyed the integrity of the SE11 cell membrane,resulting in leakage of intracellular substances.Conclusion:TRW inhibits SE11 biofilm formation and is similar to zinc pyrithione in the adhesion and aggregation stages,which provides a theoretical basis for its application in the field of antimicrobial additives.展开更多
对诃子抗氧化活性物质提取工艺、抗氧化活性及其初步物质基础进行了研究。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数50%、液料比20、提取温度60℃、提取次数4次、提取时间7 m in;总还原力、FRAP法抗氧化能力和DPPH自由基清除能力的结果均...对诃子抗氧化活性物质提取工艺、抗氧化活性及其初步物质基础进行了研究。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数50%、液料比20、提取温度60℃、提取次数4次、提取时间7 m in;总还原力、FRAP法抗氧化能力和DPPH自由基清除能力的结果均显示诃子粗提物具有很强的抗氧化活性。生物活性追踪结果发现,诃子抗氧化活性物质主要由存在于乙酸乙酯相的弱极性化合物组成,该相质量浓度为25、50μg/mL样品的总还原力OD700值分别为0.197±0.002和0.380±0.006,FRAP法抗氧化能力OD593分别为0.272±0.023和0.631±0.002,DPPH自由基清除率分别为(86.838±0.600)%和(90.318±0.917)%。相关关系表明,诃子抗氧化活性的主要物质基础为总黄酮和总多酚。展开更多
将120只小鼠随机分为空白组、四氯化碳(CCl_4)组、联苯双酯(DDB)组及低、中、高3个剂量(1.0、2.0、4.0 g/kg)的原药诃子、白狼毒制诃子和茜草制诃子组,共12个组,每组10只。给药7 d后,腹腔注射10 m L/kgCCl_4油溶液,建立小鼠肝损伤模型,...将120只小鼠随机分为空白组、四氯化碳(CCl_4)组、联苯双酯(DDB)组及低、中、高3个剂量(1.0、2.0、4.0 g/kg)的原药诃子、白狼毒制诃子和茜草制诃子组,共12个组,每组10只。给药7 d后,腹腔注射10 m L/kgCCl_4油溶液,建立小鼠肝损伤模型,检测各组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH–Px)活力,观察肝脏组织学结构变化。研究结果显示,诃子不同炮制品可减少CCl_4所引起的小鼠肝损伤,显著降低血清ALT、AST活力,提高肝脏SOD、GSH–Px活力,并对肝细胞有一定保护作用;药效表现由强到弱依次为茜草制诃子、白狼毒制诃子、生药诃子,且高剂量的效果优于低剂量。以茜草制诃子高剂量组4.0 g/kg效果最为理想,其作用机制可能与抗氧化性有关。展开更多
采用三频恒温数控超声辅助提取技术优化了诃子总多酚提取工艺;通过比较试验和扫描电镜分析了该技术高效提取的原因;从Fick第一定律出发建立了诃子总多酚扩散动力学方程,并进行了验证。结果表明,恒温超声提取诃子总多酚最佳工艺条件为:...采用三频恒温数控超声辅助提取技术优化了诃子总多酚提取工艺;通过比较试验和扫描电镜分析了该技术高效提取的原因;从Fick第一定律出发建立了诃子总多酚扩散动力学方程,并进行了验证。结果表明,恒温超声提取诃子总多酚最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数60%、超声频率80 k Hz、超声功率180 W、提取温度70℃;该工艺提取效率显著高于水浴振荡提取工艺(P<0.001);扫描电镜观察发现,恒温超声提取技术对原料粉末微观结构破坏更严重。结合Fick第一定律及超声提取动力学推导了恒温超声辅助提取诃子总多酚动力学方程;验证试验表明,在相应的范围内,提取时间对数和提取功率对数均与诃子总多酚浓度对数呈正比关系。结果表明:恒温超声辅助技术可用于诃子总多酚高效提取。展开更多
为了探索恒温超声辅助提取诃子FRAP类抗氧化活性物质提取效果,本文采用该技术首先对提取工艺进行优化,进而通过比较实验和扫描电镜分析该技术提取高效的原因。结果表明,诃子FRAP类抗氧化活性物质恒温超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:采用60...为了探索恒温超声辅助提取诃子FRAP类抗氧化活性物质提取效果,本文采用该技术首先对提取工艺进行优化,进而通过比较实验和扫描电镜分析该技术提取高效的原因。结果表明,诃子FRAP类抗氧化活性物质恒温超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:采用60%乙醇、超声功率180 W、超声频率80 k Hz、超声温度70℃;比较分析发现,该工艺提取效率显著高于水浴振荡提取工艺(p<0.001);扫描电镜分析发现,恒温超声辅助提取对诃子原料细胞结构破坏更严重,从而增强了提取效率。恒温超声辅助提取技术对诃子抗氧化活性物质提取效率高,本文可为诃子产业化开发提供依据。展开更多
文摘African trypanosomosis had caused lots of havocs to both humans and animals over a century with successes and failure in curtailing it. This study was aimed at screening medicinal plant, Terminalia chebula dried fruits against Trypanosoma evansi for trypanocidal activity. Twenty grams of powdered Terminalia chebula dried fruits was cold extracted with methanol. Obtained MPE （methanolic plant extract） was in vitro tested against Trypanosoma brucei （1 × 10^6 trypanosomes/mL of the medium in each ELISA plate wells） at concentrations （250～1,000 μg/mL） on Vero cells grown in DMEM （Debecco＇s Modified Eagle Medium） in appropriate conditions for trypanocidal activity. In-vitro cytotoxicity test of MPE of Terminalia chebula was conducted on Vero cells grown in DMEM. In-vivo assay for trypanocidal activity, each mouse was inoculated with 1 × 10^4/mL of trypanosomes and treated （48 h post inoculation） with MPE of Terminalia chebula at concentrations （12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight） were administered at dose rate of 100 BL per mouse via intraperitoneal route to different groups of mice, 6 mice per concentration. In-vitro cytotoxicity test was done on Veto cells at concentrations （1.58～100 μg/mL） of MPE of Terminalia chebula. Results of in-vitro trypanocidal activity varied from immobilization, reduction and to the killing of the trypanosomes. At 250 μg/mL ofMPE ofTerminalia chebula dried fruits, there was significant trypanocidal activity at 4 h of incubation and trypanosomes were not detected in corresponding ELISA plate wells at 5 h of incubation, which was statistically equivalent to reference drug, diminazine aceturate （50 μL/mL） at 4 h of incubation. Results of in-vivo trypanocidal activity revealed that at concentrations （l 2.5～25 mg/kg body weight） of MPE of Terrninalia chebula, mice in these groups survived for 6 days. While at 50 and 100 to 200 mg/kg body weight, mice in these groups survived up to 7 and 8 days, respectively. In-vitro cytotoxicity test showed that all concentrations of MPE of Terminalia chenula and diminazine aceturate were cytotoxic to cells except at 1.56 μL/mL and 6.25 μL/mL. In conclusion, MPE of Terminalia chebula dried fruits possessed trypanocidal compounds. Further study （bioassay-guided purification） is required to know the full potential of Terrninalia chebula as future trypanocide candidate.
文摘Background:Based on modern pharmacological studies,Terminalia chebula Retz.exhibits antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria.Previously,we found Terminalia chebula Retz.exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Malassezia restricta.Methods:We determined the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration of Terminalia chebula Retz.extraction with water(TRW)against Staphylococcus epidermidis(including Staphylococcus epidermidis 1-15)using the microdilution method.Staphylococcus epidermidis 1(SE11),which was the most sensitive to TRW,was selected as the test bacterium for subsequent experiments.The time-kill curve of TRW on SE11 was generated using the viable count method.Further,an in vitro biofilm model of SE11 was constructed using the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide test,semi-quantitative crystal violet experiment,and scanning electron microscopy.The effects of TRW on the total amount of biofilm formation,the number of viable biofilm bacteria,and biofilm microstructure of SE11 were also determined using a semi-quantitative crystal violet experiment,viable count method,and scanning electron microscopy.Finally,the electrical conductivity and soluble protein content of the SE11 suspensions were determined.Results:The average MIC of TRW against SE11 was 0.75±1.09 mg/mL.TRW(1/2MIC and 2MIC)and zinc pyrithione(1/2MIC and 2MIC)had no significant effect on total biofilm inhibition in the adhesion stage(P>0.05)and the aggregation stage(P>0.05).Further,TRW(1/2MIC and MIC)and zinc pyrithione(1/2MIC and MIC)had no significant effect on viable biofilm bacteria in the adhesion stage(P>0.05)and aggregation stage(P>0.05).TRW destroyed the integrity of the SE11 cell membrane,resulting in leakage of intracellular substances.Conclusion:TRW inhibits SE11 biofilm formation and is similar to zinc pyrithione in the adhesion and aggregation stages,which provides a theoretical basis for its application in the field of antimicrobial additives.
文摘对诃子抗氧化活性物质提取工艺、抗氧化活性及其初步物质基础进行了研究。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数50%、液料比20、提取温度60℃、提取次数4次、提取时间7 m in;总还原力、FRAP法抗氧化能力和DPPH自由基清除能力的结果均显示诃子粗提物具有很强的抗氧化活性。生物活性追踪结果发现,诃子抗氧化活性物质主要由存在于乙酸乙酯相的弱极性化合物组成,该相质量浓度为25、50μg/mL样品的总还原力OD700值分别为0.197±0.002和0.380±0.006,FRAP法抗氧化能力OD593分别为0.272±0.023和0.631±0.002,DPPH自由基清除率分别为(86.838±0.600)%和(90.318±0.917)%。相关关系表明,诃子抗氧化活性的主要物质基础为总黄酮和总多酚。
文摘采用三频恒温数控超声辅助提取技术优化了诃子总多酚提取工艺;通过比较试验和扫描电镜分析了该技术高效提取的原因;从Fick第一定律出发建立了诃子总多酚扩散动力学方程,并进行了验证。结果表明,恒温超声提取诃子总多酚最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数60%、超声频率80 k Hz、超声功率180 W、提取温度70℃;该工艺提取效率显著高于水浴振荡提取工艺(P<0.001);扫描电镜观察发现,恒温超声提取技术对原料粉末微观结构破坏更严重。结合Fick第一定律及超声提取动力学推导了恒温超声辅助提取诃子总多酚动力学方程;验证试验表明,在相应的范围内,提取时间对数和提取功率对数均与诃子总多酚浓度对数呈正比关系。结果表明:恒温超声辅助技术可用于诃子总多酚高效提取。
文摘为了探索恒温超声辅助提取诃子FRAP类抗氧化活性物质提取效果,本文采用该技术首先对提取工艺进行优化,进而通过比较实验和扫描电镜分析该技术提取高效的原因。结果表明,诃子FRAP类抗氧化活性物质恒温超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:采用60%乙醇、超声功率180 W、超声频率80 k Hz、超声温度70℃;比较分析发现,该工艺提取效率显著高于水浴振荡提取工艺(p<0.001);扫描电镜分析发现,恒温超声辅助提取对诃子原料细胞结构破坏更严重,从而增强了提取效率。恒温超声辅助提取技术对诃子抗氧化活性物质提取效率高,本文可为诃子产业化开发提供依据。
