An Entropy Approach to Tesla’s Discovery of Wireless Power Transmission

Following an entropy approach, the electric current can be postulated as a flow of electromagnetic waves that has an electric potential. Such postulate is verified in this article by results of experimental measurement then it is applied to review Tesla’s discovery of wireless power transmission. Tesla discovered the wireless transmission of electric power during his operation in an entirely new domain of physics based on abrupt discharging of electrostatic charges. He realized that electrons were not responsible for such discovered phenomena. So, he called the new energy as “Radiant Electricity”. He didn’t identify that the true nature of electric current was a flow of electromagnetic waves that can be normally radiated through air. So, he proposed the term “Aether gas” to describe the discovered transfer of the electric charges by radiation from his designed tower, though air, to specified receivers. Following an entropy approach, the nature of the discovered radiated energy can be identified as electromagnetic waves that have an electric potential. So, the followed approach succeeds in eliminating the confusing observations of Tesla’s measurements in his famous experiment and the confusions found in modern literature that deals with such energy as an “Ambiguous Radiant Energy”.

Function S-rough sets and mining-discovery of rough law in systems

Function S-rough sets （function singular rough sets） is defined on a -function equivalence class [u]. Function S-rough sets is the extension form of S-rough sets. By using the function S-rough sets, this paper gives rough law generation model of a-function equivalence class, discussion on law mining and law discovery in systems, and application of law mining and law discovery in communication system. Function S-rough sets is a new theory and method in law mining research.

Treatment repurposing for inflammatory bowel disease using literature-related discovery and innovation

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)incidence has been increasing steadily,most dramatically in the Western developed countries.Treatment often includes lifelong immunosuppressive therapy and surgery.There is a critical need to reduce the burden of IBD and to discover medical therapies with better efficacy and fewer potential side-effects.Repurposing of treatments originally studied in other diseases with similar pathogenesis is less costly and time intensive than de novo drug discovery.This study used a treatment repurposing methodology,the literature-related discovery and innovation(LRDI)text mining system,to identify potential treatments(developed for non-IBD diseases)with sufficient promise for extrapolation to treatment of IBD.By searching for desirable patterns of twenty key biomarkers relevant to IBD(e.g.,inflammation,reactive oxygen species,autophagy,barrier function),the LRDI-based query retrieved approximately 9500 records from Medline.The most recent 350 records were further analyzed for proof-of-concept.Approximately 18%(64/350)met the criteria for discovery(not previously studied in IBD human or animal models)and relevance for application to IBD treatment.Many of the treatments were compounds derived from herbal remedies,and the majority of treatments were being studied in cancer,diabetes,and central nervous system disease,such as depression and dementia.As further validation of the search strategy,the query identified ten treatments that have just recently begun testing in IBD models in the last three years.Literature-related discovery and innovation text mining contains a unique search strategy with tremendous potential to identify treatments for repurposing.A more comprehensive query with additional key biomarkers would have retrieved many thousands more records,further increasing the yield of IBD treatment repurposing discovery.

Neural stem cells isolated from amyloid precursor proteinmutated mice for drug discovery

AIM: To develop an in vitro model based on neural stem cells derived from transgenic animals, to be used in the study of pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and for testing new molecules.METHODS: Neural stem cells(NSCs) were isolated from the subventricular zone of Wild type(Wt) and Tg2576 mice. Primary and secondary neurosphere generation was studied, analysing population doubling and the cell yield per animal. Secondary neurospheres were dissociated and plated on MCM Gel Cultrex 2D and after 6 d in vitro(DIVs) in mitogen withdrawal conditions,spontaneous differentiation was studied using specific neural markers(MAP2 and TuJ-1 for neurons, GFAP forastroglial cells and CNPase for oligodendrocytes). Gene expression pathways were analysed in secondary neurospheres, using the QIAGEN PCR array for neurogenesis, comparing the Tg2576 derived cell expression with the Wt cells. Proteins encoded by the altered genes were clustered using STRING web software.RESULTS: As revealed by 6E10 positive staining, all Tg2576 derived cells retain the expression of the human transgenic Amyloid Precursor Protein. Tg2576 derived primary neurospheres show a decrease in population doubling. Morphological analysis of differentiated NSCs reveals a decrease in MAP2- and an increase in GFAP-positive cells in Tg2576 derived cells. Analysing the branching of TuJ-1 positive cells, a clear decrease in neurite number and length is observed in Tg2576 cells.The gene expression neurogenesis pathway revealed11 altered genes in Tg2576 NSCs compared to Wt.CONCLUSION: Tg2576 NSCs represent an appropriate AD in vitro model resembling some cellular alterations observed in vivo, both as stem and differentiated cells.

F-rough law and the discovery of rough law

By using function one direction S-rough sets （function one direction singular rough sets）, this article presents the concepts of F-law, F-rough law, and the relation metric of rough law; by using these concepts, this article puts forward the theorem of F-law relation metric, two orders theorem of F-rough law relation metric, the attribute theorem of F-rough law band, the extremum theorem of F-rough law relation metric, the discovery principle of F-rough law and the application of F-rough law.

Discovery of the World's Second Largest Molybdenum Deposit in the Shapinggou Area,Jinzhai County,Anhui Province

In the year of 2011, a superlarge molybdenum deposit was discovered in the Shapinggou area, Jinzhai county, Anhui Province by the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Anhui Province, with its reserve more than 2.2 million ton, just next to the Klimax molybdenum deposit （〉3.3 million ton） in Colorado. It has ranged the world＇s second largest molybdenum deposit, with potential economic value up to 100 billion dollars.

Imaging for deep brain stimulation:The zona incerta at 7 Tesla

AIM:To evaluate different promising magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) methods at 7.0 Tesla(T) for the pre-stereotactic visualization of the zona incerta(ZI).METHODS:Two neuroradiologists qualitatively and quantitatively examined T2-turbo spin-echo(T2-TSE),T1-weighted gradient-echo,as well as FLASH2D-T2Star and susceptibility-weighted imaging(SWI) for the visualization of the ZI at 7.0 T MRI.Delineation and image quality for the ZI were independently examined using a 6-scale grading system.Inter-rater reliability using Cohen's kappa coefficient(κ) were assessed.Contrast-tonoise ratios(CNR),and signal-to-noise ratios(SNR) for the ZI were calculated for all sequences.Differences in delineation,SNR,and CNR between the sequences were statistically assessed using a paired t-test.For the anatomic validation the coronal FLASH2D-T2Star images were co-registered with a stereotactic atlas(Schaltenbrand-Wahren).RESULTS:The rostral part of the ZI(rZI) could easily be identified and was best and reliably visualized in the coronal FLASH2D-T2Star images.The caudal part was not definable in any of the sequences.No major artifacts in the rZI were observed in any of the scans.FLASH2D-T2Star and SWI imaging offered significant higher CNR values for the rZI compared to T2-TSE images(P > 0.05).The co-registration of the coronal FLASH2D-T2Star images with the stereotactic atlas schema(Schaltenbrand-Wahren) confirmed the correct localization of the ZI in all cases.CONCLUSION:FLASH2D-T2Star imaging(particularly coronal view) provides the reliable and currently optimal visualization of the rZI at 7.0 T.These results can facilitate a better and more precise targeting of the caudal part of the ZI than ever before.

China’s National Image in Western Travel Writings in the Age of Discovery

Western travel writings about China provided material driving and theoretical guidance for the Age of Discovery, and became the main spiritual motive of the Westerners voyage to the East. In the Age of Discovery, the image of China in the eyes of Western envoys, merchants and missionaries begun to fade away from traditional mythological and psychedelic colors, and the image of cultural elements such as material, spirit and history become clear. These Western travelers tried to shape the image of China as a state of civilization and wisdom, a state of moral order, and a state of wealth and power. On the basis of the continued description of the kingship and wealth of the Middle Ages, they constructed an overall image of China as a powerful state of civilization and wealth, thus forming a new frame of reference for cognition of China.

China’s Ten Major Archaeological Discoveries in 1993

Excavated in Pan County in Guizhou Province,south-west China,this site is well preserved and contains middle and late Pleistocene-epoch dwellings,work places,primitive eating utensils,stone implements and special areas set aside for slaughtering animals.

基于OWL-S的服务发现语义匹配机制

本文提出一种基于OWL-S的语义web服务匹配系统的机制,将语义元素引入UDDI系统中,从而在UD-DI中保存语义信息.系统通过语义服务匹配算法提高web服务匹配的准确度和召回率,并通过数据映射机制保证模型对于当前的服务发现标准UDDI基础架构的兼容以及UDDI标准操作接口的透明性.系统使用本体概念的索引机制提高服务发现的效率.而且,系统在建立和维护索引的过程、或服务的匹配过程中使用近似概念搜寻算法进一步提高本体概念搜寻和服务匹配的效率.

基于OWL-S的制造网格服务发现研究

结合语义Web技术,设计了制造网格服务本体开发步骤,对制造网格服务进行语义描述,提出了基于OWL-S的制造网格服务发现模型。将本体匹配技术引入制造网格的服务匹配中,并改进了本体匹配中概念相似度算法,为解决服务匹配问题提供一个有益的尝试。实验表明,该语义模糊匹配技术能有效地弥补基于关键词的服务发现查全率和查准率较低的不足,提高服务发现的质量。

基于QoS和OWL-S的Web服务发现研究

建立了原子服务发现模型,探讨了原子级服务匹配的4个过程,并重点对输入输出匹配和QoS匹配进行了研究。在QoS匹配中,给出了服务性价比概念,并提出了高性价比的服务选择原则。

基于OWL-S的服务发现算法研究

Web服务的大量涌现对服务发现提出了挑战,UDDI上基于关键字和简单分类的服务发现机制已经不能很好地满足需要。本文在分析现有相关研究的基础上提出了基于OWL-S的Web服务发现改进方法,通过引入OWL-S的过程模型实现了对服务中原子服务和子服务的匹配,提高了查准率;提出了构建依赖关系网的算法,通过对图中结点标注颜色的方法实现了对满足用户需求的服务过程的发现。算法不仅返回满足用户需要的匹配结果,还可以在匹配不成功时给用户建议得到全部要求的额外输入。

一种基于QoS的扩展语义Web服务发现方法

如何从大量的Web服务集合中找到满足用户要求的服务是Web服务技术的关键,然而现有Web服务缺乏对QoS信息的描述,不能满足用户对服务QoS的需求。本文基于OWL-S本体扩展了profile描述,将QoS本体引入OWL-S,在基于SOA工作框架以及P2P网络的基础上,设计了Web服务发现框架,并在该框架中引入了QoS管理模块。服务匹配过程分为两个阶段:第一阶段为基于服务功能的匹配,服务的功能主要从inputs、outputs、preconditions和effect描述;第二阶段为基于服务QoS的匹配,QoS属性从time、cost和reliability描述,以满足用户对服务质量提出的要求。实验结果表明该模型可以有效地增加Web服务发现的有效性。

基于OWL-S/UDDI的Web服务发现机制

提出了一种基于OWL-S/UDDI的Web服务发现机制,实现了基于语义的Web服务发现。此外,它采用了一种高效的匹配机制,使得查询语义Web服务的效率得到提高。该机制使用自行开发的OWL/UDDI服务发现系统进行了实现和验证。

S-粗集与新材料发现-识别

S-粗集(singular rough sets)具有两类形式:单向S-粗集(one direction S-rough sets)和双向S-粗集(two direction S-rough sets)。S-粗集具有遗传特征、记忆特征。把S-粗集与材料科学进行学科渗透,互补共享,给出新金属材料的发现-识别的讨论,利用属性生成模型给出新金属材料的属性值分析,给出的结果与实际相符。S-粗集是粗集研究的一个新方向,是新材料发现-识别的一个新的数学工具。

基于SQWRL的语义Web服务发现

提出以扩展的语义Web规则语言SQWRL作为服务请求描述语言,以OWL-S作为服务发布描述语言,进行有效的服务发现.给出了服务发现的实例,通过实验,证实了该方法具有实用性强、简单可靠的特点.

基于Petri网的OWL-S语义匹配机制研究

传统的UDDI不支持语义推理以及基于服务属性的匹配,因此存在召回率低、匹配效率低等问题。基于此问题提出了一种基于Petri网的OWL-S语义匹配机制,即借助Multi-Agent服务发现框架,使用PNSDL描述语言来发布和请求服务。该匹配机制借助Petri网对服务的描述能力,通过使用可能性和必然性程度代表服务可以胜任需求的置信度,从而实现服务的匹配。该机制具有强大的逻辑推理能力及对多服务的建模能力,能提高匹配的真实度、匹配度等。

纽约商业交易所天然气期货市场价格发现功能研究——基于G-S模型的实证分析

北美天然气期货市场是世界范围内相对比较成熟的天然气期货市场,本文运用相关系数、G-S模型和误差修正模型等多种时间序列计量分析方法,对纽约商业交易所(NYMEX)天然气的价格发现功能进行全面实证分析。