5G technology requirements and related test environments for evaluation

To meet the considerably increase of mobile data traffic and wireless communication connections around 2020,the 5th generation(5G)mobile network will necessarily consider more frequency bands,enabling technologies and diversified key performance indicators and test environments comparing with existing network,for example Long Term Evolution.More specifically,the obvious difference between 5G and previous wireless communication system are not only included eMBB(enhance mobile broadband) usage scenario,but also introduced mMTC(massive machine type communications)and URLLC(ultra-reliable and low latency communications) usage scenarios.Hence,in order to evaluate 5G related technologies,some novel test environments will be widely discussed,as well as,certain new key performance indicators will be drawn into5 G evaluation methodology for satisfied new requirements.We will discuss characteristic of these 4 candidate test environments,such as indoor isolated environment,high speed train environment;and the definition of 15 keys performance indicator will be explained and clarified,for example,Throughput,Network Energy Efficiency,Device Connection Density and so on.Furthermore,high-level assessment method of each test environment also will be initially considered.It is notable that an initial evaluation of indoor isolated environment also can be found,which the results show that there are 3 times average cell spectral efficiency than IMT-advanced's in same test environment.

Tribological behaviors of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films in different testing environments

Hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on Si substrate using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) technique with CH4 plus H2 as the feedstock. The tribological properties of the hydrogenated DLC films were measured on a ball-on-disk tribometer in different testing environments (humid air,dry air, dry O2, dry Ar and dry N2 ) sliding against Si3 N4 balls. The friction surfaces of the films and Si3 N4 balls were observed on a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the tribological properties of the hydrogenated DLC films are strongly dependent on the testing environments. In dry Ar and dry N2 environments, the hydrogenated DLC films provide a superlow friction coefficient of about 0. 008 -0.01 and excellent wear resistance (wear life of above 56 km). In dry air and dry O2, the friction coefficient is increased to 0. 025 - 0.04 and the wear life is decreased to about 30 km. When sliding in moist air, the friction coefficient of the films is further increased to 0. 08 and the wear life is decreased to 10. 4 km. SEM and XPS analyses show that the tribological behaviors appear to rely on the transferred carbon-rich layer processes on the Si3 N4 balls and on the friction-induced oxidation of the films controlled by the nature of the testing environments.

Stereoscopic Camera-Sensor Model for the Development of Highly Automated Driving Functions within a Virtual Test Environment

The need for efficient and reproducible development processes for sensor and perception systems is growing with their increased use in modern vehicles. Such processes can be achieved by using virtual test environments and virtual sensor models. In the context of this, the present paper documents the development of a sensor model for depth estimation of virtual three-dimensional scenarios. For this purpose, the geometric and algorithmic principles of stereoscopic camera systems are recreated in a virtual form. The model is implemented as a subroutine in the Epic Games Unreal Engine, which is one of the most common Game Engines. Its architecture consists of several independent procedures that enable a local depth estimation, but also a reconstruction of a whole three-dimensional scenery. In addition, a separate programme for calibrating the model is presented. In addition to the basic principles, the architecture and the implementation, this work also documents the evaluation of the model created. It is shown that the model meets specifically defined requirements for real-time capability and the accuracy of the evaluation. Thus, it is suitable for the virtual testing of common algorithms and highly automated driving functions.

Problems of Environmental Acceptance Tests on Power Transmission and Transformation Projects

Based on the experience of environmental acceptance tests for power transmission projects, the problems found in acceptance tests and the system shortcomings of acceptance test itself are analyzed. Recommendations are provided to improve the future work.

Optimization Model for Environmental Stress Screening of Electronic Components

Environmental stress screening (ESS) is a technological process to reduce the costly early field failure of electronic components. This paper builds an optimization model for ESS of electronic components to obtain the optimal ESS duration. The failure phenomena of ESS are modeled by mixed distribution, and optimal ESS duration is defined by maximizing life-cycle cost savings under the condition of meeting reliability requirement.

Effect of drying environment on engineering properties of an expansive soil and its microstructure

This paper investigates the effect of drying environment, i.e. temperature and relative humidity, on the engineering properties and microscopic pore size distribution of an expansive soil. The shrinkage tests under different drying temperatures and relative humidity are carried out in a constant climate chamber. Then, the undisturbed samples, prepared in different drying environment, are used for the triaxial tests and mercury intrusion tests. It is found that the drying environment has noticeable influence on the engineering properties of expansive soils and it can be characterized by the drying rate. The linear shrinkage and strength increase with the decrease of the drying rate. The non-uniform deformation tends to happen in the high drying rate, which subsequently furthers the development of cracks. In addition, during the drying process, the variation of pores mainly focuses on the inter-aggregate pores and inter-particle pores. The lower drying rate leads to larger variation of pore size distribution.

Construction of T-Ring:A Novel Integrated Radio Testing Ring

Outfield testing is an effective measure to check the performance of wireless networks and facilities.Current outfield testing environment has inherent fluctuation due to the wireless propagation condition and has other disadvantages such as nonsupport for multiple scenarios,and low-level yet high-cost auto-control capability.In this paper,the conception of a radio testing environment,known as T-Ring(Integrated-Testing Ring),is proposed.It is based on a novel fitting degree evaluation frame.The testing ring can achieve high level of fitting degree to the real network so that the fluctuation of the wireless environment will be under control or even eliminated.This paper will choose some typical performance indicators and obtain corresponding statistical data in both the real network and system level simulation.A complete set of procedures is also given in this paper to evaluate the fitting degree of testing results and simulation results.It proves that the simulation highly fits to the real network and the simulation configuration can be used to construct the testing ring.At the same time,the advanced radio testing ring integrates multiple radio access technologies,scenarios and facilities from different manufacturers.It can improve the efficiency of wireless outfield testing and lower the cost of operators and manufacturers.

The Design and Implementation of Multi-user Data Sharing Platform for Remote Monitoring System Based on Virtual Instruments

Remote data monitoring system which adopts virtual instrument usually applies data sharing, acquisition and remote transmission technology via internet. It is able to finish concurrent data acquisition and processing for multi-user and multi-task and also build a personalized virtual testing environment for more people but with fewer instruments. In this paper, we＇ 11 elaborate on the design and implementation of information sharing platform through a typical example of how to build multi-user concurrent virtual testing environment based on the virtnal software LabVIEW.

装备环境适应性研究进展及展望

首先分析了装备环境适应性的基本概念及其与装备环境工程的关系,论述了装备环境适应性研究工作内涵。其次,综述了装备环境适应性研究“六化”特征:自然环境试验站网建设全球化、装备环境适应性试验考核实战化、表征评估精细化、设计迭代化、资源积累数据化、综合管理体系化等,讨论了各方向的国内外发展现状以及研究重点、难点、不足,梳理了装备环境适应性在环境试验、环境分析等方面相关标准及其发展特点,并指出现有标准的局限性。最后,根据现阶段国家关于装备环境适应性的工作定位,展望了装备环境适应性研究领域重要发展方向。

环境载荷逆向识别与虚拟模型试验方法

提出一种应用于混合模型试验的环境载荷逆向识别与虚拟模型试验方法,可以逆向识别截断模型试验中的环境载荷,进而开展截断水深与全水深虚拟模型试验.环境载荷直接从物理模型试验中分离得到,因此该载荷考虑到了平台六自由度运动之间的耦合作用、破浪砰击等强非线性作用以及流体对浮体的黏性力作用.为验证方法准确性,开展风浪流模型试验,并将虚拟模型试验结果与物理模型试验数据进行比较.研究结果表明,环境载荷逆向识别方法可以准确识别风浪流模型试验的环境载荷.

一种辅助开展加油站环境检测的OA系统

研究了一种基于OA的辅助系统用于加油站环境检测。该系统旨在提供一种高效、准确的环境检测解决方案,以确保加油站的环境安全和合规性。主要介绍了OA系统在辅助加油站环境检测中的应用。OA系统具有强大的信息管理、数据处理和工作流程管理等功能,能够有效整合和管理环境检测所需的各类数据和信息,提供全面的加油站环境检测支持。详细描述了该OA系统的设计与实施,该系统包括环境检测传感器、数据采集模块、数据管理模块和报告生成模块等关键组件。通过传感器实时采集环境参数数据,并通过数据采集模块将数据上传至OA系统。数据管理模块负责数据存储、分析和查询,支持用户对环境数据的实时监测和分析。报告生成模块能够根据用户需求,自动生成环境检测报告,提供了全面的环境检测结果和分析。研究结果可以为相关领域的研究和应用提供有益的参考和借鉴。

一种环境试验设备能耗可视化系统设计

为获得公司试验室环境试验设备运行成本、开工率、新建试验室配电规划依据关键数据,本文设计开发一种环境试验设备能耗可视化系统。文章首先研究环境试验设备能耗可视化系统的架构、工作原理;接着研究电能数据获取、上传并建立数据库;最后根据用户需求研究人机交互的可视化层。所研发的环境试验设备能耗可视化系统投入运行证明了其有效性。

民用飞机机载系统环境试验要求探究

民用飞机机载系统在初步设计完成后,需进行系统环境试验,用于验证系统设计的功能正确性及其它性能的符合性。以信息系统为例对机载系统的试验项目的选择,试验开展的条件,试验方法和程序等方面内容进行研究,形成适合机载系统的环境试验方法,总结出适合机载系统环境试验的通用要求。可为后续国内民用飞机机载系统环境试验工作的开展提供帮助。

浅析环境检测质量管理体系运行的重点与难点

在管理体系深入运行的当下,从最初的摸索与尝试,到如今的有序与高效,已经形成了完整的闭环,从目标的设定到计划的制定,再到实施与监控,最后到评估与反馈,每一个环节都紧密相连,相互支撑。这种环环相扣的运行机制,确保了我们的工作能够有条不紊地进行。随着管理体系的深入运行,本篇文章以环境检测为例,与大家一起探讨在实际运行中的一些重点与难点,并进行信息交流,共享技术和资源,推动各方共同提升环境检测和保护的能力和水平,进一步促进环境监测与保护工作的开展。

海军导弹环境试验标准体系研究

目的为海军导弹环境试验标准体系建设提供参考。方法研究海军导弹环境试验的应用,分析环境试验标准的国内外现状。结果提出了海军导弹环境试验标准体系建设建议,该体系包括试验基础标准、试验管理标准和试验技术标准等。结论对于针对海军导弹服役特点开展环境试验、提高海军导弹环境适应性具有重要意义。

冲击响应谱控制系统的开发

冲击响应谱试验规范已在航天产品的研制中被普遍采用,针对冲击响应谱试验规范的特点,研制开发了一套基于PC机下的冲击响应谱控制系统,包括系统的功能分析、组成、核心算法的研究、软件实现及试验结果等。解决了冲击响应谱控制系统研制中的两个关键问题,即根据规范生成时域驱动信号及依据响应实现谱控制,并通过自闭环和使用电动振动台联机试验两种方式验证了系统的有效性。

国外海军舰船装备环境试验军用标准分析

综述了海洋环境对海军舰船装备的影响,阐述了世界主要国家海军舰船装备环境试验标准体系及标准的基本概况,对海军舰船装备冲击与振动试验、电磁环境试验、材料腐蚀和氧化试验等核心标准进行了对比分析。在对国外海军舰船环境试验标准的整体技术水平、优缺点和适用性进行系统分析的基础上,提出了建立和健全我国海军舰船装备环境试验标准体系的几点建议。

武器装备环境工程

简要介绍了武器装备环境工程技术体系的基本概念、建立原则和技术范围。详细介绍了技术体系中环境数据技术和环境分析技术、环境适应性设计和预计技术、环境试验和环境适应性评价技术,以及环境工程管理技术4方面的内容。最后说明该技术体系的动态性,需要根据专业的发展和需求的变化不断修正和完善。

日光温室封闭式栽培系统的设计与试验

土壤连作灾害、生产资源严重浪费和环境污染已成为日光温室生产中制约其发展的瓶颈问题,为了解决这些问题,实现节水、节肥、保护环境的目的并提高温室生产的管理水平和自动化水平,该文设计了一种日光温室封闭式栽培系统。与传统栽培管理方式不同,该系统使用基质栽培代替土栽方式,采用基质袋装或塑料薄膜完全包裹的模式,实现了与外界环境的有效隔离;使用水肥一体化营养液滴灌代替水肥分离灌溉方式,回收多余营养液并循环利用;采用无线传感器网络模式,实现了温室环境信息的自动采集和发送。试验结果表明,采用封闭式栽培比传统土栽方式番茄产量提高了11.7%,水、肥用量均节省了2%(基质不同,节省水、肥量不同),同种基质情况下,采用封闭式栽培方式,由于营养液实现了循环利用,水、肥节省率可以达到17.2%。

系统级产品振动试验的探讨与研究

在火箭、导弹、卫星等航天器和坦克装甲车辆等武器装备的研制过程中 ,系统级产品的鉴定和振动试验的验收具有极其重要的作用。环境振动试验是鉴定结构或仪器设备能否承受预计的振动环境、保证在实际环境下结构的完整性或仪器设备性能、精度不降低的一种必要手段。简要分析了振动试验中的试验技术现状与难点 ,探讨了振动试验中的谱带谷技术、试验分析手段、力测量与模拟技术 (包括力测量设备 ) ,并且提出了改善振动试验有效性的方法和手段。