On the purpose of accurate data acquisition for the aeroacoustic testing mostly in open jet test section of aeroacoustic wind tunnel, the large scale anechoic chamber is specifically designed to build the low backgrou...On the purpose of accurate data acquisition for the aeroacoustic testing mostly in open jet test section of aeroacoustic wind tunnel, the large scale anechoic chamber is specifically designed to build the low background noise environment. A newly acoustic test section is presented in this paper, of which the contour is similar as the closed test section, and the wall is fabricated by the fiber fabric, both the characteristics of closed and open jet test section of conventional wind tunnel are combined in it. By thoroughly researching on the acoustics and aerodynamics of this acoustically transparent test section, significant progress in reducing the background noises in test section and improving the ratio of energy of the wind tunnel and some other aspects have been achieved. Acoustically transparent test section behaves better in acoustics and aerodynamics than conventional acoustic test section because of their high definition in detecting the sound sources and great performance in transmitting sounds.展开更多
The mechanical properties of rocks under cyclic and dynamic loading are important research topics for solving the structural stability of large engineering rocks. As underground mining in coal mines goes deeper, groun...The mechanical properties of rocks under cyclic and dynamic loading are important research topics for solving the structural stability of large engineering rocks. As underground mining in coal mines goes deeper, ground stresses are increasing and instability damage of coal rocks by shear loading is frequent. Therefore, in order to investigate the shear mechanical properties and section morphological characteristics of intact coal samples in the direct shear test, the RDS-200 rock direct shear instrument was used to carry out direct shear tests on intact coal samples under different normal stresses, and the shear section was scanned for three-dimensional morphology. The results show that: 1) from the strength characteristics, the peak shear strength of the coal samples increased linearly with increasing normal stress, and the residual shear strength increased logarithmically. 2) In terms of deformation characteristics, the peak shear displacement of the coal sample increases linearly with increasing normal stress, the pre-peak shear stiffness increases logarithmically, and the residual normal displacement decreases linearly. 3) From the morphological characteristics of the shear surface, with the increase of normal stress, the section transitions from high-order undulating to flattening type. The maximum height of the fracture surface profile and kurtosis coefficient of the shear section decreased linearly, and the profile area ratio and root mean square of slope decreased as a power function, i.e. the higher the normal stress, the smaller the undulation of the section, the sharpness of the roughness shape and the roughness coefficient JRC, and the flatter and smoother the section. The findings of this study can help to provide some reference for the evaluation of shear instability occurring in coal bodies under different normal stresses.展开更多
Performance improvement of the high-load transonic turbine is the key method of improving the thrustto-weight ratio or the power density of gas turbine engines. In order to investigate the flow behaviors inside the hi...Performance improvement of the high-load transonic turbine is the key method of improving the thrustto-weight ratio or the power density of gas turbine engines. In order to investigate the flow behaviors inside the high load turbine cascades, a linear turbine cascade test section is designed, which enables the Schlieren photography and static pressure measurement along the cascade profile can be conducted. Variable pitch is realized in the test section to achieve different Zweifel coefficients. Due to the capability limitation of the air supplier, the test section is designed to have only5 blade channels with shortened blade height to achieve high Mach number flow conditions. Numerical investigations were carried out to investigate the wall effect and its in fluences on the flow fields inside the test section. The result indicates that the shape of the connecting part of the test section has a significant influence on the flow similarity among different blade passages. With the proper design, a good repetition flow is achieved between neighbored blade passages.展开更多
This paper extends and generalizes the works of [1,2] to allow for cross-sectional dependence in the context of a two-way error components model and consequently develops LM test. The cross-sectional dependence follow...This paper extends and generalizes the works of [1,2] to allow for cross-sectional dependence in the context of a two-way error components model and consequently develops LM test. The cross-sectional dependence follows the first order spatial autoregressive error (SAE) process and is imposed on the remainder disturbances. It is important to note that this paper does not consider alternative forms of spatial lag dependence other than SAE. It also does not allow for endogeneity of the regressors and requires the normality assumption to derive the LM test.展开更多
为探明火灾下活性粉末混凝土(Receative power concrete,RPC)梁斜截面承载性能退化规律,设计制作了六根RPC简支梁试件,开展了恒载下ISO834标准火灾试验,获得了时间-位移曲线、荷载-位移曲线、内部温度变化、裂缝开展、破坏形态、高温爆...为探明火灾下活性粉末混凝土(Receative power concrete,RPC)梁斜截面承载性能退化规律,设计制作了六根RPC简支梁试件,开展了恒载下ISO834标准火灾试验,获得了时间-位移曲线、荷载-位移曲线、内部温度变化、裂缝开展、破坏形态、高温爆裂等数据,分析了剪跨比、荷载水平、配箍率、纵筋配筋率对火灾下RPC梁斜截面承载性能的影响规律。结果表明:剪跨比、荷载水平是影响RPC梁斜截面耐火极限的关键因素,剪跨比由2.5增至3.5,荷载水平由0.25增至0.45,RPC梁耐火极限可降低30 min以上;配箍率对RPC梁的斜截面承载力和耐火极限影响显著;纵筋配筋率对RPC梁耐火极限影响甚微。火灾高温、爆裂削弱了RPC梁的斜截面承载性能,爆裂导致内部材料直接受火,加速其力学性能劣化,使梁斜截面承载力降低33.5%以上。该研究可为火灾下RPC梁斜截面承载安全及火灾后加固修复提供参考。展开更多
Background: Occupational health is an important consideration, especially for people that work in an environment with pollutants. Gasoline attendants are individuals that work in filling stations. They are constantly ...Background: Occupational health is an important consideration, especially for people that work in an environment with pollutants. Gasoline attendants are individuals that work in filling stations. They are constantly exposed to gasoline fumes and automobile engine products from vehicle exhaust. This increases the risk of acute and chronic respiratory diseases and carcinogenesis among them. The risk of health complications tends to increase with the duration of exposure. The study aimed to determine the proportion of gasoline attendants with lung function impairment. Methods and Materials: Two hundred and eight eligible participants were recruited for this study. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Esan West local government area of Edo state, Nigeria. The study was carried out for a period of six months from December 2015 to May 2016. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics, work history, mode of exposure and duration of exposure to petrol fumes. Lung function was assessed using a DTspiro spirometer (Model POP 10. Serial no 110843-005);also the anthropometric parameters of the respondent were measured. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Frequency and percentages were used to present categorical data. The mean and standard deviation of continuous variables were calculated and compared using the student’s t-test. The criteria of significant association were assumed for a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of one hundred and forty petrol pump attendants and one hundred and forty controls participated in this study. The mean age for petrol pump attendants was 24 ± 3.1 years and 23 ± 2.8 years for the control group. There were no significant differences in the gender distribution and anthropometric parameters as observed in this study. The lung impairment pattern observed in this study was obstructive in twelve (8.6%) gasoline pump attendants and restrictive pattern in thirty-nine (27.9%) gasoline pump attendants, while only four (2.9%) had an obstructive pattern and twelve (8.6%) had a restrictive pattern of lung impairment among the control group. This implies that a restrictive pattern was predominant. This study also observed that there was an increase in the number of gasoline pump attendants with declined lung function compared to the control group. Conclusion: Restrictive pattern of lung impairment was more predominant than the obstructive pattern among gasoline pump attendants. As a result, public health interventions should be instituted among these individuals, especially in developing countries.展开更多
文摘On the purpose of accurate data acquisition for the aeroacoustic testing mostly in open jet test section of aeroacoustic wind tunnel, the large scale anechoic chamber is specifically designed to build the low background noise environment. A newly acoustic test section is presented in this paper, of which the contour is similar as the closed test section, and the wall is fabricated by the fiber fabric, both the characteristics of closed and open jet test section of conventional wind tunnel are combined in it. By thoroughly researching on the acoustics and aerodynamics of this acoustically transparent test section, significant progress in reducing the background noises in test section and improving the ratio of energy of the wind tunnel and some other aspects have been achieved. Acoustically transparent test section behaves better in acoustics and aerodynamics than conventional acoustic test section because of their high definition in detecting the sound sources and great performance in transmitting sounds.
文摘The mechanical properties of rocks under cyclic and dynamic loading are important research topics for solving the structural stability of large engineering rocks. As underground mining in coal mines goes deeper, ground stresses are increasing and instability damage of coal rocks by shear loading is frequent. Therefore, in order to investigate the shear mechanical properties and section morphological characteristics of intact coal samples in the direct shear test, the RDS-200 rock direct shear instrument was used to carry out direct shear tests on intact coal samples under different normal stresses, and the shear section was scanned for three-dimensional morphology. The results show that: 1) from the strength characteristics, the peak shear strength of the coal samples increased linearly with increasing normal stress, and the residual shear strength increased logarithmically. 2) In terms of deformation characteristics, the peak shear displacement of the coal sample increases linearly with increasing normal stress, the pre-peak shear stiffness increases logarithmically, and the residual normal displacement decreases linearly. 3) From the morphological characteristics of the shear surface, with the increase of normal stress, the section transitions from high-order undulating to flattening type. The maximum height of the fracture surface profile and kurtosis coefficient of the shear section decreased linearly, and the profile area ratio and root mean square of slope decreased as a power function, i.e. the higher the normal stress, the smaller the undulation of the section, the sharpness of the roughness shape and the roughness coefficient JRC, and the flatter and smoother the section. The findings of this study can help to provide some reference for the evaluation of shear instability occurring in coal bodies under different normal stresses.
文摘Performance improvement of the high-load transonic turbine is the key method of improving the thrustto-weight ratio or the power density of gas turbine engines. In order to investigate the flow behaviors inside the high load turbine cascades, a linear turbine cascade test section is designed, which enables the Schlieren photography and static pressure measurement along the cascade profile can be conducted. Variable pitch is realized in the test section to achieve different Zweifel coefficients. Due to the capability limitation of the air supplier, the test section is designed to have only5 blade channels with shortened blade height to achieve high Mach number flow conditions. Numerical investigations were carried out to investigate the wall effect and its in fluences on the flow fields inside the test section. The result indicates that the shape of the connecting part of the test section has a significant influence on the flow similarity among different blade passages. With the proper design, a good repetition flow is achieved between neighbored blade passages.
文摘This paper extends and generalizes the works of [1,2] to allow for cross-sectional dependence in the context of a two-way error components model and consequently develops LM test. The cross-sectional dependence follows the first order spatial autoregressive error (SAE) process and is imposed on the remainder disturbances. It is important to note that this paper does not consider alternative forms of spatial lag dependence other than SAE. It also does not allow for endogeneity of the regressors and requires the normality assumption to derive the LM test.
文摘为探明火灾下活性粉末混凝土(Receative power concrete,RPC)梁斜截面承载性能退化规律,设计制作了六根RPC简支梁试件,开展了恒载下ISO834标准火灾试验,获得了时间-位移曲线、荷载-位移曲线、内部温度变化、裂缝开展、破坏形态、高温爆裂等数据,分析了剪跨比、荷载水平、配箍率、纵筋配筋率对火灾下RPC梁斜截面承载性能的影响规律。结果表明:剪跨比、荷载水平是影响RPC梁斜截面耐火极限的关键因素,剪跨比由2.5增至3.5,荷载水平由0.25增至0.45,RPC梁耐火极限可降低30 min以上;配箍率对RPC梁的斜截面承载力和耐火极限影响显著;纵筋配筋率对RPC梁耐火极限影响甚微。火灾高温、爆裂削弱了RPC梁的斜截面承载性能,爆裂导致内部材料直接受火,加速其力学性能劣化,使梁斜截面承载力降低33.5%以上。该研究可为火灾下RPC梁斜截面承载安全及火灾后加固修复提供参考。
文摘Background: Occupational health is an important consideration, especially for people that work in an environment with pollutants. Gasoline attendants are individuals that work in filling stations. They are constantly exposed to gasoline fumes and automobile engine products from vehicle exhaust. This increases the risk of acute and chronic respiratory diseases and carcinogenesis among them. The risk of health complications tends to increase with the duration of exposure. The study aimed to determine the proportion of gasoline attendants with lung function impairment. Methods and Materials: Two hundred and eight eligible participants were recruited for this study. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Esan West local government area of Edo state, Nigeria. The study was carried out for a period of six months from December 2015 to May 2016. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics, work history, mode of exposure and duration of exposure to petrol fumes. Lung function was assessed using a DTspiro spirometer (Model POP 10. Serial no 110843-005);also the anthropometric parameters of the respondent were measured. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Frequency and percentages were used to present categorical data. The mean and standard deviation of continuous variables were calculated and compared using the student’s t-test. The criteria of significant association were assumed for a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of one hundred and forty petrol pump attendants and one hundred and forty controls participated in this study. The mean age for petrol pump attendants was 24 ± 3.1 years and 23 ± 2.8 years for the control group. There were no significant differences in the gender distribution and anthropometric parameters as observed in this study. The lung impairment pattern observed in this study was obstructive in twelve (8.6%) gasoline pump attendants and restrictive pattern in thirty-nine (27.9%) gasoline pump attendants, while only four (2.9%) had an obstructive pattern and twelve (8.6%) had a restrictive pattern of lung impairment among the control group. This implies that a restrictive pattern was predominant. This study also observed that there was an increase in the number of gasoline pump attendants with declined lung function compared to the control group. Conclusion: Restrictive pattern of lung impairment was more predominant than the obstructive pattern among gasoline pump attendants. As a result, public health interventions should be instituted among these individuals, especially in developing countries.
