DEVELOPMENT OF PT PUMP AND INJECTOR TEST STANDS FOR CUMMINS ENGINE

The type PT-821 PT Pump test stand and type PT-881 injector test stand are a set of special test stands for calibration of PT Pumps and injectors of Cummins engines. Both test stands may be used in conjunction with any model of Bosch injection pump test benches for PT Pumps and injector calibration. During PT Pump calibration, the type PT-821 test stand should be used in conjunction with a Bosch injection pump lest bench. The PT Pump to be tested is installed on the Bosch injection pump test bench through a mounting bracket and is driven by the bench shaft. When calibrating PT injectors, both the PT-881 injector test stand and the PT-821 PT Pump test stand should be used in conjunction with a Bosch injection pump test bench, with the PT-881 injector test stand installed on Bosch test bench. The injector to be tested is driven by the Bosch injection pump test bench through a coupling. This paper describes the structure and function of the PT-821 PT Pump test stand and PT-881 injector test stand. Some technical problems arc described in detail.

Assessing cutter-rock interaction during TBM tunnelling in granite:Large-scale standing rotary cutting tests and 3D DEM simulations

The widespread utilisation of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in underground construction engineering requires a detailed investigation of the cutter-rock interaction.In this paper,we conduct a series of largescale standing rotary cutting tests on granite in conjunction with high-fidelity numerical simulations based on a particle-type discrete element method(DEM)to explore the effects of key cutting parameters on the TBM cutter performance and the distribution of cutter-rock contact stresses.The assessment results of cutter performance obtained from the cutting tests and numerical simulations reveal similar dependencies on the key cutting parameters.More specifically,the normal and rolling forces exhibit a positive correlation with penetration but are slightly influenced by the cutting radius.In contrast,the side force decreases as the cutting radius increases.Additionally,the side force shows a positive relationship with the penetration for smaller cutting radii but tends to become negative as the cutting radius increases.The cutter's relative effectiveness in rock breaking is significantly impacted by the penetration but shows little dependency on the cutting radius.Consequently,an optimal penetration is identified,leading to a low boreability index and specific energy.A combined Hertz-Weibull function is developed to fit the cutter-rock contact stress distribution obtained in DEM simulations,whereby an improved CSM(Colorado School of Mines)model is proposed by replacing the original monotonic cutting force distribution with this combined Hertz-Weibull model.The proposed model outperforms the original CSM model as demonstrated by a comparison of the estimated cutting forces with those from the tests/simulations.The findings from this work that advance our understanding of TBM cutter performance have important implications for improving the efficiency and reliability of TBM tunnelling in granite.

From concept to reality-A review to the primary test stand and its preliminary application in high energy density physics

Pulsed power technology,whereas the electrical energy stored in a relative long period is released in much shorter timescale,is an efficient method to create high energy density physics(HEDP)conditions in laboratory.Around the beginning of this century,China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP)began to build some experimental facilities for HEDP investigations,among which the Primary Test Stand(PTS),a multi-module pulsed power facility with a nominal current of 10 MA and a current rising time~90 ns,is an important achievement on the roadmap of the electro-magnetically driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF)researches.PTS is the first pulsed power facility beyond 10 TW in China.Therefore,all the technologies have to be demonstrated,and all the engineering issues have to be overcome.In this article,the research outline,key technologies and the preliminary HEDP experiments are reviewed.Prospects on HEDP research on PTS and pulsed power development for the next step are also discussed.

基于TestStand的DCS系统级冗余功能自动测试方法

阐述基于Test Stand自动化测试管理框架在集散控制系统(DCS)系统级冗余功能测试上的应用。冗余功能是保证DCS稳定性和可靠性的典型容错技术,其实现方法是当正在运行的子系统出现故障时,将其从系统中切除,并尽快将备用子系统投入应用。该过程本身需要进行详尽的测试,保证切换机制、切换前后系统输入输出以及程序处理符合预期;同时该过程的测试和DCS基本功能需同时进行,观察项、激励源种类多。用Lab VIEW语言编写子模块控制NI板卡和仪表,给系统激励,采集系统输出;用Python语言编写协议层相关函数,给控制器注入故障、模拟上位机操作等。Test Stand自动化测试框架统一并行调度子模块和函数,形成测试序列,提高该项测试的覆盖率、频率、强度、一致性。

Development of a 500 MHz high power RF test stand

A flexible high power RF test stand has been designed and constructed at IHEP to test a variety of 500 MHz superconducting RF components for the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider （BEPC ）, such as the input coupler, the higher order modes （HOMs） absorber and so on. A high power input coupler has been conditioned and tested with the RF power up to 250 kW in continuous wave （CW）, traveling wave （TW） mode and 150 kW CW in standing wave （SW） mode. A prototype of the HOMs absorber has been tested to absorb power of 4.4 kW. An introduction of the test stand design, construction and high power tests is presented in this paper.

Standing the Test of Time

Seal engraving, a pearl of Chinese traditional arts, has been included on the world intangible cultural heritage

Will the Three Gorges Dam Stand The Test of Time?

After successfully containing the biggest flood this century, the Three Gorges Dam,on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in central China’s Hubei Province, has encountered another flood, that of public opinion:Will this dam be able to hold floods that are "once-in-10,000-years" or "once-in-1,000-years" or "once-in-a-century"? Should numerous hazards this year, including land and mudslides and mountain torrents,be blamed on accumulation of sediment caused by the construction of the Three Gorges Dam? To get answers to these questions,journalists from Xinhua News Agency interviewed Cao Guangjing, Board Chairman of the China Three Gorges Corp., the operator of the Three Gorges Dam.

Numerical and experimental study of twin-fluid two-phase internal-mixing atomizer to develop maximum entropy method

This paper presents an analytical, numerical, and experimental study on atomization characteristics and droplet distribution of a twin-fluid two-phase internal mixing atomizer to develop a Maximum Entropy Method(MEM). A two-phase Eulerian-Lagrangian method is utilized for atomization modeling of the inside and outside atomizer. In order to modify energy and momentum sources in the MEM, parametric studies are performed, and experimental tests are carried out to verify the results by applying the shadowgraph method. An advanced test stand is developed to prepare a wide range of changes in atomization characteristics and mixing ratios. A high degree of consistency is found between numerical results from the developed MEM and experimental tests with different gas-phase pressures and liquid flow rates. The droplet diameter and velocity distribution are reviewed based on various Weber numbers, sources of energy, and momentum. Turbulence modeling assists to estimate the breakup length and time scale precisely in the developed MEM, and distribution ranges with mean values are achieved. With reference to a strong correlation between upstream turbulence flow and the developed MEM verified by experimental tests, an ideal droplet size and velocity distribution prediction is observed.