Portable spirometer-based pulmonary function test willingness in China:A nationwide cross-sectional study from the"Happy Breathing Program"

Background:Understanding willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests(PFTs)and the factors associated with poor uptake of PFTs is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).This study aimed to understand willingness to undergo PFTs among high-risk populations and identify any barriers that may contribute to low uptake of PFTs.Methods:We collected data from participants in the"Happy Breathing Program"in China.Participants who did not follow physicians’recommendations to undergo PFTs were invited to complete a survey regarding their willingness to undergo PFTs and their reasons for not undergoing PFTs.We estimated the proportion of participants who were willing to undergo PFTs and examined the various reasons for participants to not undergo PFTs.We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to analyze the impact of individual-level factors on willingness to undergo PFTs.Results:A total of 8475 participants who had completed the survey on willingness to undergo PFTs were included in this study.Out of these participants,7660(90.4%)were willing to undergo PFTs.Among those who were willing to undergo PFTs but actually did not,the main reasons for not doing so were geographical inaccessibility(n=3304,43.1%)and a lack of trust in primary healthcare institutions(n=2809,36.7%).Among the 815 participants who were unwilling to undergo PFTs,over half(n=447,54.8%)believed that they did not have health problems and would only consider PFTs when they felt unwell.In the multivariable regression,individuals who were≤54 years old,residing in rural townships,with a secondary educational level,with medical reimbursement,still working,with occupational exposure to dust,and aware of the abbreviation"COPD"were more willing to undergo PFTs.Conclusions:Willingness to undergo PFTs was high among high-risk populations.Policymakers may consider implementing strategies such as providing financial incentives,promoting education,and establishing community-based programs to enhance the utilization of PFTs.

Cognitive factors associated with the willingness for HIV testing among pregnant women in China

Background The spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （HIV/AIDS） epidemic in the worldwide trend is not contained effectively. The pregnant women infected HIV seriously in the high HIV epidemic areas in China. The transmission of HIV to child may be cut off if HIV positive mother was found early by HIV testing. Pregnant women mandatorily received the HIV counseling and testing services. Most of them did not know the knowledge about HIV prevention and were not willing to receive HIV testing actively. Willingness for HIV testing among pregnant women was investigated, which can help to promote them to take up HIV testing actively. This study assessed the prevalence of the willingness for HIV testing and cognitive factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to 500 pregnant women via face-to-face interviews with anonymous structured questionnaire guided by the Health Belief Model （HBM）. Results The prevalence of the willingness for HIV testing was 58.60%. Perceived higher susceptibility to HIV （multivariate- adjusted odds ratio （ORm）=2.02, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.40-5.06）, more knowledge for HIV （ORm=1.92, 95% CI： 1.11-3.87） and perceived less social stigma （ORm=0.80, 95% CI： 0.34-0.91） were associated with higher willingness for HIV testing among pregnant women. Conclusion To prevent HIV mother to children transmission, it is necessary to enhance knowledge for HIV, change cognitive factors and increase willingness for HIV testing among pregnant women.